19
Day 12: Local Governments in New Jersey Daniel J. Mallinson Political Science Stockton University [email protected] POLS 3265 Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 1 / 16
Day 12: Local Governments in NewJersey
Daniel J. Mallinson
Political ScienceStockton University
POLS 3265
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 1 / 16
Road map
What is Home Rule?
Understanding local government in New Jersey
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 2 / 16
What is Home Rule?
“Home rule is a religion in New Jersey.” -Governor Byrne
“Power granted either by the Constitution orLegislature or both to municipal governments toorganize themselves to carry out a range ofgovernmental activities under their own authority,and to preserve health, safety and generalwelfare.” (Trafford 1995)
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 3 / 16
What is Home Rule?
“Home rule is a religion in New Jersey.” -Governor Byrne
“Power granted either by the Constitution orLegislature or both to municipal governments toorganize themselves to carry out a range ofgovernmental activities under their own authority,and to preserve health, safety and generalwelfare.” (Trafford 1995)
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 3 / 16
Why Home Rule?
Suburbanization
Splits over policy (e.g., blue laws)
Unrestricted chartering under 1844 constitution
Weak state gov’t unwilling to provide services
Result: Most local gov’ts per square mile of any state
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 4 / 16
Why Home Rule?
Suburbanization
Splits over policy (e.g., blue laws)
Unrestricted chartering under 1844 constitution
Weak state gov’t unwilling to provide services
Result: Most local gov’ts per square mile of any state
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 4 / 16
Types and Forms
New Jersey has mixture of types of incorporation andforms of local government
Types of Incorporation
Cities, towns, boroughs, townships, and villages
Forms of GovernmentTwelve. Define Principal gov’t officials, their powers andduties, how they are elected.
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 5 / 16
Forms of Government
19th Century
Partisan officials elected from wards or at-large.
Some elect mayor separate from council, otherscouncil chooses the mayor.
Weak executive.
Weak separation of powers.
387 municipalities
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 6 / 16
Forms of Government
Walsh Act of 1911
Individually elected, nonpartisan, commissioners whoappoint, and can remove, town manager.
Only seven municipalities.
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 7 / 16
Forms of Government
Faulkner Act of 1950
Two basic designs: Mayor-council or council-managerLots of options:
Timing of electionsSize of council (5, 7, 9)Partisan or non-partisan electionsConcurrent or stagged termsWard and/or at-large electionsLocal initiative, referendum, recall elections
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 8 / 16
Forms of Government
Faulkner Act Amendments of 1981
Removed defined A through F choices. Municipalitiescan mix features that they want.
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 9 / 16
Five Important Legal Powers
1 Taxing
2 Spending (Services)
3 Zoning
4 Eminent Domain
5 Police power (regulation)
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 10 / 16
Zoning in Galloway
tu tu
�
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4���
4��� 4���
tu
tu
PAPA
FA20FA20
FA-WETFA-WET
FA20FA20
FA-WETFA-WET
FA5FA5
FA5FA5
FA20FA20
FA20FA20
R5R5
RDRD
PV
PT
PV
PT
NRNR
RCRRCR
AGAG
TRTR
R5R5
VR3.2VR3.2
VRVR
HC-2HC-2
TCTC
TRTR
TITI
R5R5
TRTR
VCVC VCVC VCVC
IRDIRD
IIHC-1HC-1
HC-1HC-1
HC-2HC-2
R5CR5C
VRVRRR
HC-2HC-2 HC-1HC-1
R1R1
POPO RR
R1R1
HC-1HC-1HC-1HC-1
FEDFED
FEDFED
GIGI
R5R5
CVCV
CHCH
RCRCPROPRO
NRNR
NRNR
NCNC
NCNC
NCNC
CVCCVC
CVCCVCNRNR
CVCV
LIDLID
NRNRCCCC
RCRC
NRNR
CVCV
R1R1
RCRCFA20FA20
Aloe StreetAloe Street Aloe StreetAloe Street
Bre
men
Ave
nu
eB
rem
en A
ven
ue
Bre
men
Ave
nu
eB
rem
en A
ven
ue
Fra
nkfu
rt A
venu
eF
rank
furt
Ave
nue
Vie
nn
a A
ven
ue
Vie
nn
a A
v en
ue
Co
log
ne
Ave
nu
eC
olo
gn
e A
ven
ue
Lei
pzi
g A
ven
ue
Lei
pzi
g A
ven
ue
Man
hei
m A
ven
ue
Man
hei
m A
ven
ue
Duerer StreetDuerer Street
Tilton Road
Tilton Road
Aloe StreetAloe Street
Lei
pzi
g R
oad
Lei
pzi
g R
oad
Od
essa
Ave
nu
eO
des
sa A
ven
ue
Herschel StreetHerschel Street
White Horse PikeWhite Horse Pike
Moss Mill Road
Moss Mill Road
Liebig StreetLiebig Street
Pestalozzi StreetPestalozzi StreetP
rag
ue
Ave
nu
eP
rag
ue
Ave
nu
e
Colog
ne-P
ort R
epub
lic R
oad
Colog
ne-P
ort R
epub
lic R
oad
Ber
lin A
ven
ue
Ber
lin A
ven
ue
Gen
oa
Ave
nu
eG
eno
a A
ven
ue
Zu
rich
Av e
nu
eZ
uri
ch A
v en
ue
Pom
ona
Roa
d
Pom
ona
Roa
d
Shiller StreetShiller Street
Clarks Landing RoadClarks Landing Road
Moss Mill Road
Moss Mill Road
Co
lleg
e D
rive
Co
lleg
e D
rive
Jimmie Leeds Road
Jimmie Leeds Road
Lenape Road
Lenape Road
Indian Cabin Road
Indian Cabin Road
White Horse PikeWhite Horse Pike
Fir
st A
ven
ue
Fir
st A
ven
ue
Sec
on
d A
ven
ue
Sec
on
d A
ven
ue
Fo
urt
h A
v en
ue
Fo
urt
h A
v en
ue
Six
th A
ven
ue
Six
th A
ven
ue
White Horse PikeWhite Horse Pike
Magnolia AvenueMagnolia Avenue
Crestview AvenueCrestview Avenue
Upland AvenueUpland Avenue
Ridgewood AvenueRidgewood Avenue
Eig
hth
Ave
nu
eE
igh
th A
ven
ue
Ridgewood Avenue
Ridgewood Avenue
Pitney Road
Pitney Road
Jimmie Leeds RoadJimmie Leeds RoadGreat C
reek Road
Great Creek R
oad
Wrangleboro R
oad
Wrangleboro R
oad
Pitney Road
Pitney Road
Highlands AvenueHighlands Avenue
Sylvan Avenue
Sylvan Avenue
Galloway
Road
Galloway
Road
New
Yo
rk R
oad
New
Yo
rk R
oad
Great Creek Road
Great Creek Road
Old Port Republic Road
Old Port Republic Road
Seaview Avenue
Seaview Avenue
Lee
ds
Po
int
Ro
adL
eed
s P
oin
t R
oad
New York Road
New York RoadM
oss
Mill
Roa
d
Mos
s M
ill R
oad
Moss Mill
Road
Moss Mill
Road
Motts C
reek Road
Motts C
reek Road
Oys
ter
Cre
ek R
oad
Oys
ter
Cre
ek R
oad
Old New York RoadOld New York Road
Pom
ona
Roa
d
Pom
ona
Roa
d
Wildlife DriveWildlife Drive
561Bypass
Ten
th A
ven
ue
Ten
th A
ven
ue
Shaffer AvenueShaffer Avenue
May
s L
and
ing
Co
un
ty B
ou
leva
rdM
ays
Lan
din
g C
ou
nty
Bo
ule
vard
Pittsburgh AvenuePittsburgh Avenue
Ro
ose
velt
Ave
nu
eR
oo
seve
lt A
ven
ue
Cap
e M
ay A
v en
ue
Cap
e M
ay A
v en
ue
Bo
sto
n A
ven
ue
Bo
sto
n A
ven
ue
New
Orl
ean
s A
v en
ue
New
Orl
ean
s A
v en
ue
Bella Donna StreetBella Donna Street
Crocus StreetCrocus Street
Chris G
aupp Drive
Chris G
aupp Drive
Donna Drive
Donna Drive
Terry LaneTerry Lane
Buchanan Avenue
Buchanan Avenue
Genista Avenue
Genista Avenue
Ash A
venue
Ash A
venue
Poplar Avenue
Poplar Avenue
Vine Avenue
Vine AvenueAvenue A
Avenue A
Hayes Avenue
Hayes Avenue
Johnson Avenue
Johnson Avenue
Polk Avenue
Polk Avenue
Ash Avenue
Ash Avenue
Laurel Avenue
Laurel Avenue
Reeds RoadReeds Road
Col
l ins
Roa
d
Col
l ins
Roa
d
Brook Lane
Brook Lane
Biscayne Avenue
Biscayne Avenue
Brown Avenue
Brown AvenuePennsylvania Avenue
Pennsylvania Avenue
Ocean Avenue
Ocean Avenue
Smith Bowen RoadSmith Bowen Road
New York Road
New York Road
GGaarr dd eenn SStt aatt ee PPaarr kkwwaayy
Garden State ParkwayGarden State ParkwayInterchange 44Interchange 44
Garden State ParkwayInterchange 40
RRaa cc ee TT
rr aacc
kk RR
ooaa
dd
CC oo uu nn tt rr yy
CCll uu
bb DDrr ii vv
ee
CVCV
CVCV
Cond. NRCond. NR
(CV zone extends East (CV zone extends East to the Township boundary)to the Township boundary)
200'
200'
250'250'250'250'
1 500
'1 5
00'
4040
4141
3030
2828
259
250'
250'
300'
300'
55 22 13.0113.01
141444
324324
44 55 1212 1313
300'
300'
300'
300'
11
322
250'250' 1700
'17
00'
1000
'10
00'
45644
51612.0212.02
13.0113.01
125'125'
300'
300'
2828 2929528
3939 4040
150' both sides of 150' both sides of the White Horse Pikethe White Horse Pike
2000'2000'
600'600'
600'600'
300'
300'
500'
500'
500'500'
2681010
99
269
55
44
10.0210.02
271.0111
22 66
55272.01
11
22 66
55
101099
274
66 1313
55 1212
275
22
11
3.013.01 99
10104.014.01
276.01
111133 1111
22 10.0310.03
101044
11
22
1313
1414
430279
10.0110.01
77
2020 2222
19191919
2525
18.0218.02
2828 32.0332.03
2727 31.0131.01
2626 3030
431
430
503
5.025.02 13.0113.01
44 10.0210.02
6.016.01 12.0212.0255
22.0122.01 3535
504
1414 2323
2000'2000'
2000
'20
00'
1000
'10
00'
12.0112.01
87411
5.025.02
15.0215.02
13.0
113
.01
1515
6655979 980
950
9822525
11
983
1717
1164
8.018.018.018.01
16.0316.03
11651.011.01
5353
985
1616
1313
88
33
1166.0244
9965.035.035.015.01
250'250'
12.0212.02
988.01
12.3312.33
1111
987
200'
200'
800'800'
600'
600'
250'250'
1000'1000'
250'
250'
1350'1350'
22
978.04
33
113113
988.12
800'800'
2500'
2500'
1900'
1900'
1200'1200'
2125'
2125'
1000'
1000'
EDWIN B. FORSYTHE EDWIN B. FORSYTHE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGENATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
2900'
2900'
700'700'
2500'
2500'
700'700'
2100'
2100'1100'1100'
500'500'
500'500'
250'250'
1500'
1500'
Kings Highway
Kings Highway
NRNR
Mot
ts C
reek
Roa
d
Mot
ts C
reek
Roa
d
1400'
1400'
700'700'
300'300'
400'400'
300'300'
400'
400'
500'
500'
1000
'10
00'
850'
850'
500'
500'
tu9
AC RailwayAC Railway
QQuu aa ii ll HH
ii ll ll BB oo uu ll ee vv
aarr dd
LL ii ll yy LLaa kk ee RR oo aa dd
QQuu
aaii ll HH
ii llll BB
oouu
lleevv aa
rr dd
SS mm ii tt hh vv ii ll ll ee BB oo uu ll eevv aarr dd
EGG HARBOR CITY
PORT REPUBLIC
ABSECON
EGG HARBOR TOWNSHIP
HAMILTON
MULLICA
BURLINGTON COUNTY
ATLANTIC COUNTY
Primary Conservation AreaPrimary Conservation Area
S e c o n d a r y C o n s e r v a t i o n A r e aS e c o n d a r y C o n s e r v a t i o n A r e a
Recreation Dev.Recreation Dev.AreaArea
Res
or t
Dev
e lo
pm
e nt A
rea
Res
or t
Dev
e lo
pm
e nt A
rea
Yale Avenue
Yale Avenue
Redw
ood Avenue
Redw
ood Avenue
Quail Hill Boulevard
Quail Hill Boulevard
686
686
674
670
657
654
647
634
624
618
610
575
563
561
561ALT
561ALT
561ALT
9
9
3030
50
633
614
561
�
NOTE: Zoning Areas/Boundaries are Current as of Aug ust 2006
�
Zoning Areas & Boundaries
Township of Galloway
Atlantic County, NJ
October 2006F:\PROJECTS\GIS\GallowayGIS\Projects2006\GT06086M_MasterPlanMapping\GT06086M_ZoningMap.mxd
This map and contained data are for demonstration purposes only and were not developed in accordance with National
Map Accuracy Standards. Any use of this product with respect to geodetic accuracy and precision shall be the
sole responsibility of the user. The GIS data contained in this map have neither been developed nor verified by a
professional licensed land surveyor and shall neither be, nor are intended to be used in matters requiring delineation
and location of true ground horizontal and/or vertical controls.
The datasets have been obtained from sources believed to be reliable and, in part, are obtained from the New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Bureau of Geographic Information Systems digital data publications
and the Atlantic County Office of GIS. This secondary producthas not been verified by NJDEP and is not state authorized. The data may contain some nonconformities, defects, errors,
omissions, and/or approximations. We (Dixon Associates) make no guarantee with respect to the data's accuracy and completeness and are not inviting total reliance on this data
including the map, spatial, raster, and tabular information.
0 0.5 1 1.5 20.25
Miles
This map was created using data developed by and in cooperation with the Atlantic County Office of GIS
LegendRoadway Jurisdiction Symbols
4��� County
tu Federal
� State
Roadways & Line Features
State/Federal/County Route
Garden State Parkway
Municipal
Driveway
Railroad
Unimproved/Paper Street
Zoning Boundary
Pinelands Jurisdiction Zoning Areas (West of the Ga rden State Parkway)
AG: Agricultural
PA: Preservation Area
FA-WET: Forest Area
FA20: Forest Area
FA5: Forest Area
R5C: Rural Development Cluster
R5: Residential
VR3.2: Residential
VR: Village Residential
TR: Town Residential
R: Residential
R1: Residential
PVPT: Resort Development (Pinelands Villages & Towns)
RD: Recreation Development
RCR: Resort Commercial Rural
HC-2: Highway Commercial
PO: Planned Offices
HC-1: Highway Commercial
VC: Village Commercial
TC: Town Commercial
I: Industrial
TI: Town Industrial
IRD: Industrial Residential Development
GI: Government Institution
FED: Federal
Non-Pinelands Zoning Areas (East of the Garden Stat e Parkway)
CV: Conservation
NR: Neighborhood Residential
RC: Residential Compatibility
PRO: Professional Offices
NC: Neighborhood Commercial
CVC: Community Village Commercial
CH: Commercial Highway
CC: Community Commercial
LID: Conditional Industrial
Overlay Areas
Primary Conservation Area
Secondary Conservation Area
Recreation Development Area
Resort Development Area
Compatible Land Use Zone (CLUZ)
Smithville PUD
Municipal Boundary
County Boundary
Parcel Boundary
Data Sources: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of GIS/Alexander M. Churchill Associates: Zoning Map Revised 12/13/01
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 11 / 16
Eminent Domain
Traditionally, allows state and local govts to takeproperty (with compensation) for public purposes
SC’s Kelo (2005) decision allows localities to transferproperty between private owners for the sake ofeconomic growth
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 12 / 16
Controversy: Re-zoning
Are zoning and eminent domain appropriate uses ofgovernment power or are they inappropriate andunfair?
What is the public interest in municipalities havingzoning and eminent domain power?
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 13 / 16
How is Home Rule Eroding?
New state identity
Cross-municipality problems (Pinelands)
Increased state aid and control
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 14 / 16
How is Home Rule Eroding?
New state identity
Cross-municipality problems (Pinelands)
Increased state aid and control
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 14 / 16
Shared Services and Consolidation
Adubato calls for forcing municipalities to share moreservices or consolidate. What are the benefits anddrawbacks of these options?
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 15 / 16
The Complex Position of LocalGovernments (Cities)
Unitary system in states, no inherent sovereignty
Democratic cities in Republican states (NJ)
Federal government increasingly circumvented states duringObama Admin
Cities fighting back: Minimum wage, bag bans, sharingeconomy, sanctuary cities
What is the promise and peril for cities in the current politicalenvironment? Should they resist state and/or federalgovernments?
Mallinson Day 12 March 2, 2017 16 / 16
