Decentralized Governance in Water and Sanitation

26-28th June Mussoorie National Academy of Administration

Water availability in the country

Water Availability in the Country

Sl.No. Description Present Policy (BCM)

1 Precipitation 4000

2 Imports from U/S countries (assumed) 400

3 Evapo-transpiration 2520 a) From natural evapo-transpiration 2445

b) From reservoirs and water bodies when storage fully developed

75

4 Gross availability (1+2-3) 18805 Water that cannot be stored or used 7556 Potentially usable water (4-5) 11257 Additional usable water from Item 5

a) Rain water harvesting and artificial recharge 30 to 35

b) Interlinking of rivers 200 to 225

Source: Planning Commission, 2009

2

Water stress in India

Source: CWC, India Source: United Nations Environmental Program Website 2010

5177

22001869 1700

13411140

Water Stress limit (1700)Water Scarcity

Limit (1000)

1951 1991 2001 2010 2025 Projected

2050 Projected

Per Capita Water Availability in India (1951-2050)

Water stress indicator

3

Water Consumption pattern

Sector 2010 2025

Irrigation 78 72Domestic 6 7Industries 5 8Power 3 4

Ecology 1 1

Evaporation 6 6Source: Planning Commission, 2009

4

National Water Policy and vision 2020National Water Policy 2002 Vision 20/20

Priority- drinking water, irrigation, hydropower and ecology

Priority-drinking water, livelihoods, environment, river systems

Regulate ground water withdrawals on the basis recharge option and social equity

Highest priority to community managed watersheds

Priority to drought prone area in project planning

Restoring and maintaining traditional sources

Improve water use efficiency across the sectors and promote conservation

Promote water efficiency for all use

5

DecentralizationExercise of community participation

Local skill development

Innovative apporaches

Recharge PitExample of Sugana in Nasik with GSDA,

Maharastra

A pit to capture rain water similar to aquifer by boulders, gravel and sand.

Source: Vishwakarma Associates

Temporary roofTemporary roof for rain water collection

Presented on how the Aakash Ganga working in rural domestic water harvesting (http://si-usa.org/).

Ind

ust

ryH

ort

icu

ltu

reD

om

est

ic

TreatedSewage

Treatment of sewageTreated water can be used for agriculture rather than

ground water recharge

Options to reuse treated sewage

9

Comparative matrix

Design Criteria

Over arching

Supports GOI 12TH Five year plan priorities/National water Mission objectives

A priority for the USAID

Development interventions internal logic

High potential for sustainability

Cost effective and replicable

Bang for the buck

High benefit related to risk

Direct Community Benefits

Enhances livelihoods of marginalized groups

Health benefits for women children and elderly

Addresses Climate Change Challenge

Improves water security

Improves food security

Leveraging and other Opportunities

Provides business opportunities for private sector

Collaboration with other bilateral/multilateral donors

Opportunities for CSR funding

Strengthens knowledge base and capacity building

Demonstrates innovative approach

Strong Capacity building component

11

WEIGHTING DESIGN CRITERIA FOR IMPORTANCE    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O

  Design criteria Supports GOI

12th five year

plan /NWM

Part of

USAID

priority

Cost

effective

and

replicable

High potential

for

sustainability

High benefit

related to

risk

Bang for

the buck

Health benefit

for women child

&

elderly

Enhances lively-

hoods of margin

aliased groups

Collaborati

on with

donors

Opportun

ity for

CSR

Improves

water

security

Improves

food

security

Provides

Business

opportunity for

private

Demonstrates

innovative

approach

Strong

Capacity

Building

component

A Supports GOI 12th five

year plan /NWM0.5A 1C 1D 2A 0.5A 1G 1H 1A 1A 1K 1L 2A 0.5A 0.5A

B Part of USAID priority 1C 1D 2B 1.5B 1G 1H 1B 2B 1K 1L 2B 0.5B 0.5B

C Cost effective and

replicable 1C 1.5C 1C 1G 1H 2C 2C 1K 1L 1C 1C 0.5C

D High potential for

sustainability1D 1D 1G 1H 1D 1D 1K 1L 1D 0.5D 0.5D

E High benefit related to risk 1E 1G 2H 2I 2J 2K 2L 2M 1N 2O

F Bang for the buck 1G 1H 2F 1F 1K 1L 1F 1F 0.5F

G Health benefit for women

and children& elderly1H 2G 2G 1K 1L 2G 1G 0.5G

H Enhances livelihoods of

marginalized groups2H 2H 2K 2L 2H 1H 1H

I Collaboration with donors 2I 2K 2.L 1I 2I 0.5I

J Opportunity for CSR 2K 2L 1J 2N 2.5O

K Improves water security 2K 2K 1K 1K

L Improves food security 2L 2L 1L

M Provides business

opportunity 2N 2O

N Demonstrates innovative

approach2O

O Strong capacity building

component

                             

  Weightage 8 9.5 12 8 1 6.5 13.5 16 7.5 3 20 19 2 5 8.5

Recommended Interventions Management of water service including water quality Support Knowledge network WATSAN in drought and flood prone areas Support PPP for water management Support GOI initiative increasing water efficiency Capacity building of local community in climate vulnerable

areas Support source protection Support drinking water initiatives Water research studies (quality) Water augmentation for agricultural needs Household level point of use Support development of regulatory mechanism

13

PRIORITIZING USAID INVENTIONS IN INDIA’S WATER SECTOR

Design criteria

Supports

GOI 12th

five year

plan/

National

water

mission

Part

of

USAI

D

priorit

y

Cost

effec

tive

and

repli

cabl

e

High

potenti

al for

sustain

ability

High

benefi

t to

risk

ratio

Bang

for

the

buck

Health

Benefit

for

women

children

and

elderly

Enha

nces

Liveli

hoods

Collab

oratio

n with

donor

s

Oppor

tunity

for

CSR

Improve

s water

security

Improv

es food

securit

y

Provide

s

busines

s

opportu

nity for

busines

s sector

Demonstr

ates

innovativ

e

approach

Strong

capacity

building

componen

t

Score Rank

Support GOI for

increasing water

efficiency

5 4 3 4 3 5 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 505 1

Support development

of regulatory

mechanism

3 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 1 1 306 11

Management of

water services

including (MIS) on

water quality

4 4 3 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 4 424 4

Source protection for

drinking water5 4 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 2 401.5 5

Support drinking

water initiatives

through rain water

harvesting

5 4 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 4 2 2 1 2 397.5 7

WATSAN in drought

and flood)4 4 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 3 390.5 8

Priority Investment Option by Issue

Intervention Score RankSupport GOI initiative increasing water efficiency 505 1Capacity building of local community in climate vulnerable areas

463 2

Water augmentation for agricultural needs 459 3Management of water service including water quality 424 4Support source protection 401.5 5Support PPP for water management 399.5 6Support drinking water initiatives 3975 7WATSAN in drought and flood prone areas 390.5 8Water research studies (quality) 388.0 9Household level point of use 340.5 10Support development of regulatory mechanism 306.0 11Support Knowledge network 232.5 12

Thank you