DECISIONXXVIII/3TEAPWORKINGGROUPREPORT

ENERGYEFFICIENCY

RobertoPeixotoandAshleyWoodcock,TEAPEnergyEfficiencyWorkingGroupCo-chairs

29th MOP Montreal, 20-24 November 2017

T E A P

DecisionXXVIII/3•  Recognizing that a phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons under

the Montreal Protocol would present additional opportunities to catalyse and secure improvements in the energy efficiency of appliances and equipment,

•  Noting that the air-conditioning and refrigeration sectors represent a substantial and increasing percentage of global electricity demand,

•  Appreciating the fact that improvements in energy efficiency could deliver a variety of co-benefits for sustainable development, including for energy security, public health and climate mitigation,

•  Highlighting the large returns on investment that have resulted from modest expenditures on energy efficiency, and the substantial savings available for both consumers and Governments, 29th MOP

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DecisionXXVIII/3(cont)•  Requests the TEAP to review energy efficiency opportunities

in the refrigeration and air-conditioning and heat-pump sectors related to a transition to climate-friendly alternatives, including not-in-kind options

•  Invites parties to submit to the Ozone Secretariat by May 2017, on a voluntary basis, relevant information on energy efficiency innovations in the refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat-pump sectors

•  Requests the TEAP to assess the information submitted by parties and to report thereon to the Twenty-Ninth Meeting of the Parties

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SourcesofinformaQon•  EE is a broad topic of major importance with an

enormous amount of published literature and information •  EEWG identified many relevant, current publications

from organizations working on EE improvements and related topics over many years

•  EEWG also considered recent MP reports, presentations, and submissions from parties

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ResponsetoDecXXVIII/3•  As requested in the decision, report focuses on “energy

efficiency opportunities in the RACHP sectors related to a transition to climate-friendly alternatives, including not-in-kind options”

•  Report considers the following categories of EE opportunities: –  Technology opportunities; –  Policy, regulatory and information opportunities; and –  Financial and related incentives

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TEAPEnergyEfficiencyWorkingGroup(EEWG)

•  Co-chairs: •  Roberto Peixoto, (Brazil, co-chair RTOC) •  Ashley Woodcock, (UK, co-chair TEAP)

•  Members: •  Suely Carvalho (Brazil, senior expert TEAP); •  Marco Gonzalez (Costa Rica, senior expert TEAP); •  Bella Maranion (USA, co-chair TEAP); •  Fabio Polonara (Italy, co-chair RTOC); •  Marta Pizano (Colombia, co-chair TEAP); and •  Dan Verdonik (USA, co-chair HTOC).

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PartySubmissions•  As requested by Decision XXVIII/3, 19 submissions

(including EU and African Group) were received. They were of varied scope, and some provide very comprehensive information including: –  Development and implementation of national regulations

and policies that encourage or enforce use of EE equipment

–  Use of utility incentives for promoting efficient energy use as well as use of EE equipment; other financial incentives to support consumer appliance purchases

–  Support for R&D on system and equipment design –  Many examples of projects and case studies installing EE

equipment •  TEAP incorporated this information into the report

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Background•  Global RAC equipment installed base (annual

production): –  Domestic Refrigeration 1.5 billion (170

Million) –  AC 600 Million (100 Million) –  MAC 700 Million (70 million)

•  RACHP increasing worldwide A5>>nonA5 (population growth, urbanisation, increasing domestic, commercial and automobile AC, “cold chain”)

•  RACHP consumes 17% electricity worldwide •  Cities in tropics: AC >60% of power generation

mid afternoon

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Fonte:Carrier

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GlobalWarmingImpactofRACHP•  ~80% indirect: electricity use •  ~20% direct: release of refrigerants, (especially with old

equipment with high GWP refrigerants) •  Reduce GHG Emissions:

–  Transition to low GWP refrigerants –  Reduce energy consumption

•  Increase Energy Efficiency •  Reduce cooling load •  Improve maintenance

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•  Energy Efficiency Ratio EER, Coefficient of Performance COP are used interchangeably: –  Ratio of cooling capacity:input power

•  Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER): –  Efficiency taking into account seasonal

temperature variation in a country or region

•  Star Ratings: developed as national standards based on SEER

•  Compared to theoretical maximum efficiency: –  Current RACHP 30% - 60% –  Future technology developments could

achieve 70-80% –  Going further has proved to be prohibitively

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TechnologyOpportuniQes•  Refrigerants:

–  Small improvements in EE without changes in design –  Limited to current classes of chemicals/new blends

•  Components and Control systems –  Large improvements in EE in new equipment, with

better control systems and improved components –  Many already available – require application –  Reduced leakage from new equipment

•  Opportunity –  EE improvement in new equipment designs

concurrent with the transition to low GWP refrigerants

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TechnologyOpportuniQes(cont)•  Improved control and monitoring of systems •  Variable speed compressor •  Oil-free compressor, magnetic bearings •  More efficient heat-exchanger •  Recovery of thermal energy •  Integration of HVAC system with medium temperature and

low-temperature refrigeration plants •  Supermarket: Multi-ejector technology for CO2 parallel

compression system •  Motion sensors for occupancy detection; indoor set point

temperature optimisation •  Increased insulation to reduce thermal load

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Not-in-Kind•  Mature NIK technologies occupy small niches of the

market (e.g. absorption technologies, thermoelectric refrigeration, air cycle).

•  Magnetic refrigeration for the domestic sector holds promise, but the impact on EE is uncertain.

•  District Cooling using absorption chillers, cogeneration and tri-generation plants

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Policy,RegulaQon,InformaQonOpportuniQes

•  Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) •  Labelling – helps raise consumer awareness •  Building codes for Energy Efficiency •  Good practice guidelines for training, maintenance

and operation of RACHP to maintain high EE performance and reduce refrigerant leakage

•  Market mechanisms (e.g. Buyers Club, government bulk procurement)

•  Legislation for energy savings and energy efficiency, by utilities and energy distribution companies

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MinimumEnergyPerformanceStandards(MEPS)

•  MEPS limit the maximum energy consumption of equipment

•  Can be combined with labelling schemes •  Can remove poor EE products from market •  Benefit from political and stakeholder commitment •  Can evolve with innovation as EE improves

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OpportunitytostrengthenMEPSinA5parQes

•  Many A5 parties don’t have MEPS for RACHP in place, or MEPS are set at a lower standard

•  RACHP equipment has lower EE in A5 parties •  Adoption of strengthened MEPS could drive improved

EE of equipment •  Improved EE equipment could enable higher MEPS •  Access to accredited laboratories is important for

effective enforcement of MEPS

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FinancialandrelatedincenQves•  Financial incentives

–  are already widely used in national energy management strategies to drive EE

–  could support implementation of EE programmes concurrently with transition to low GWP refrigerants

•  Examples: –  Rebates/credits on equipment: mitigate the higher initial

price of new and more EE equipment. –  Loans: extend the repayment period until lower running

costs for EE equipment offset the purchase cost –  Tax penalties: increase the purchase price of less EE

designs –  Tax incentives: to encourage R&D for improved EE

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KeyMessages•  Increased Energy Efficiency has been an important side

benefit of the Montreal Protocol through two previous transitions of refrigerants over 30 years

•  Demand for RACHP equipment is increasing rapidly especially in A5 parties

•  RACHP already consumes ~1/6th of the world’s electricity •  There are many opportunities to achieve improvements

in Energy Efficiency during the transition to low GWP refrigerants

•  A coordinated domestic transition to low GWP refrigerants could include a parallel effort on improving Energy Efficiency of RACHP equipment

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