All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publishers.
Names of the products mentioned in this guide are used only as aids for identification and can be trademarks. Nortel Networks denies any right to these trademarks.
This document is intended to aid the comprehension of the product, theinstallation of the product, and its technical complexity. Matra NortelCommunications declines all responsibility for the consequences whichmay result from not conforming to the information provided in thisdocument.
The information contained in this document is subject to modification withoutprior notice. Certain details may vary between countries.
Matra Nortel Communications reserves the right to improve the concepts andcomponents of this product and its functions in accordance with thedevelopments in engineering and production.
The Deployment Guide for Nortel Networks M626x DECT Deployment Tool isfor world-wide distribution and does not take local constraints into account.Please refer to local documentation for specific information concerning yourcountry.
With each new installation of the Nortel Networks M626x DECT DeploymentTool, it may be necessary to take specific regulations into account and to actaccordingly.
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Contents
About this guide vii
Glossary ix
1 Discovering the M626x DECT Deployment Kit 1
Features of the DECT M626x Deployment Kit . . . . . . . . . . 1Contents of the demonstration kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Nortel Networks M626x DECT Deployment Tool is a new simple andergonomic tool for deployment of DECT systems in all locations.
The purpose of this guide is to show the user how to optimise operation of theM626x DECT deployment tool and to carry out deployment successfully. Thefirst part of this guide provides details for installing the equipment and puttingit in service. The second part of this guide contains an overview of the basicnotions and provides advice on how to carry out deployment of the bestpossible quality at the customer site.
Understanding the conventions used in this guide
This guide is made up of a series of tasks set out in step-by-step format, forcompleting the deployment. Each task described contains the followingsequences:
• a description of the task
• prerequisites for carrying out the task, where appropriate
• the steps required to complete the task
The following visual aids are used in the guide:
WARNING symbolThis is essential information to avoid personal injury or damage to the equipment.
Note: This is used to indicate additional information or technical explanations.
✩✩✩✩ Tip symbol. This is useful information that will make the task easier.
!!!! See more information later in the book.
"""" See more information earlier in the book.
IMPORTANT
This is used to alert the installer to be careful when programming as some programming may have an effect on other parameters.
TroubleshootingThis box is used when simple solutions may be available if you do not achieve the expected result after completing a task.
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Glossary ix
Glossary
BBase Station
The base station is made up of a transceiver and two omnidirectional antennas. Thebase station radio coverage area (called "radio coverage") is centred on the basestation.
CCell
Location unit for a set of DECT base stations, declared in a PBX. A cell is made up ofa maximum of eight base stations. The cell is a software notion.
CRCCyclic Redundancy Check.
Critical pointThe furthest part of a radio coverage area that is difficult to reach for the radio signal.As a rule, this is in the corners of a room, stairwells, isolated spaces, etc.
DDeployment
Study of the radio coverage area on a site: search for the radio coverage area centreson which the base stations will be installed. The seamless radio coverage area will begenerated from these.
Nortel Networks M626x DECT Deployment Tool Guide de Déploiement DECT
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GGAP
Generic Access Profile.
HHandover
Mechanism for changing a channel and/or base station during a call.
Homogeneous areaAn area which groups several radio coverage areas, located in the same geographicsector and generating the same level of traffic (a building or floor where usersnormally generate a constant level of traffic, without leaving this sector).
MMobility area
Seamless coverage area deployed on a site in which users can transmit and receivecalls using their cordless handset.
OOverlapping base stations
Base stations with the same radio coverage. Each base station manages a certainnumber of cordless handsets, depending on their distribution.
RRadio coverage area
The radio coverage area of a base station is the area where a cordless handset usercan transmit and receive calls. Radio coverage can be indoors or outdoors, and on ahorizontal or vertical plane.
Radio coverage area centreInstallation point of the base station serving the radio coverage area.
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Glossary xi
Radio coverage area limitPerimeter of the radio coverage area of a base station.
Radio rangeThe distance between the radio area centre and its perimeter.
Radio transmission and receptionRadio range of a base station, in width and height. This is defined by the CRC andRSSI.
RSSIRadio Signal Strength Indicator.
SSizing
Calculation of the number of base stations necessary for handling traffic, according toeach area.
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1
Discovering the M626x DECTDeployment Kit
Features of the DECT M626x Deployment KitThe DECT M626x Deployment Kit is a new tool designed for carrying out qualitydeployment on the customer site. The tool also carries out two other functions:
It is a tool for demonstrating DECT cordless telephony. The sales person orsupplier can use this tool to demonstrate immediately the reliability of the NortelNetworks DECT system, enabling the customer to test communications using thetwo cordless handsets previously declared in the deployment base station.
The M626x DECT Deployment Tool is also a tool for monitoring and detectingother DECT systems present on the site or close by. Site monitoring is useful inthe context of an extension or enhancement to an existing mobility area.
The cordless handsets use three operating modes:
• visual mode: displays the RSSI and CRC values of the radio transmissionand reception, and detects the base stations within range
• tone mode: tone sent by the base station and received by the cordlesshandset, used to assess the radio quality
• audio mode - music option, providing a quality contribution to thedeployment: use of the "automatic off-hook" function of one of the twocordless handsets, on which a Walkman or Discman is connected
a: base station battery f: DECT deployment guide positionb: DECT base station g: position for the headset and the screw for the mastc: extension bracket h: cordless handset charger based: cordless handset i: adapter unite: position for two belt clips
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The DECT M626x Deployment Kit comprises a functional demonstration kit that iseasy to transport. This ensures the transportation and powering of all the toolelements. The demonstration kit contains the following elements:
• one DECT 6241 base station, specially designed for deployment andequipped with its standalone program
• two M902 (or C4020) DECT cordless handsets: the software version inthese handsets contains functions specific for deployment; thesefunctions will be integrated into the software version for cordless handsetsto be marketed in the future.
• a battery to power the DECT base station with its charger, and a spiralpower cable to connect the base station to the battery
• two chargers for the DECT cordless handsets
• one headset and an audio cable
• one belt clip for the cordless handset
• one transformer and a complete connection cable for connecting thedemonstration kit to the mains (230 V)
• one extension bracket
• this DECT Deployment Guide
Note: There is also a space for a Walkman or a Discman.
It is strongly recommended that you use a mast as this will ensure optimaldeployment conditions. The extension bracket supplied with the demonstration kitis suitable for any type of standard mast.
The DECT M626x Deployment Kit is ideal for the Nortel Networks Solution DECTrange and is compatible with any GAP product.
The cordless handset chargers and the base station battery are connected tothe adapter. The cables run under the protection foam. The adapter ispowered by opening the flap on the power supply unit and connecting theadapter plug to the mains socket.
Charge the base station battery
The base station is powered by a rechargeable battery which supplies 12 V. Ithas a 1-year guarantee.
The battery has a 10-hour autonomy. It is fitted with a Mat-n-lock connector,above which there are the + and - signs.
Note: The battery kit can be ordered from the catalogue as a spare part.
IMPORTANT
Make sure the demonstration kit remains open during the powering phase.
IMPORTANT
For safety reasons, do not dismount the battery.
Replacing the batteryCaution: make sure you replace the battery by one of the same type or an equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer.Follow the manufacturer's instructions shown on the battery about discarding used batteries.
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Installing the M626x Kit 7
Make sure you comply with the following precautions regarding battery use:
• the minimum recharging time is 10 hours
• recharge the battery after each use
• make sure the battery is not exposed to temperatures above 40°C
Steps
1 Connect the battery charger power cable, respecting the + and - signsshown on the metallic case.Note: The battery cannot power the base staion while it is being
recharged. There is only one free connector on the battery.
2 Connect the demonstration kit 230 V plug to the mains. A LED lightsup, indicating that recharging is in progress. Recharge for 10 hours.
3 Once the charging has terminated, disconnect the charger powercable as follows: press the two strips on the Mat-n-lock connector andpull towards you while holding down the strips.
Storing the batteryMake sure you never store a spent battery. If you do, you will not be able to use the battery and the guarantee will not be valid.
To charge the cordless handsets, position each cordless handset on its baseconnected to the 18 V / 230 V transformer. Then connect the demonstrationkit plug to the mains. When the cordless handset is fully charged, the batteryicon on the screen will show three bars. The first recharging of the cordlesshandset must last 12 hours.
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Installing the M626x Kit 9
Installing the DECT M626x Deployment Kit
This part details the installation procedure for the M626x DECT DeploymentTool in deployment position and includes the following tasks:
✔✔✔✔ "Install the DECT base station on a support"
✔✔✔✔ "Use the optional mast"
Put the DECT base station in service
The DECT base station is powered by the 12 V battery, to which it isconnected by a spiral power cable. The spiral cable has an extension capacityof between 0.80 and 4 metres.
Once the battery has been recharged, connect the Mat-n-lock connector tothe battery, in compliance with the signs shown. An LED lights up on the basestation, indicating that it is working.
The extension bracket lets you clip in the base station in several differentpositions. The extension bracket is used as a support.
Steps
1 Select a base station position: it can be fixed either on the large sideor on the small side of the extension bracket.
2 If the base station is in position 1, pass the spiral cable through thelarge opening on the extension bracket. In position 2, pull the cable over the base station without passing itthrough the opening.
3 Clip the base station onto the extension bracket by fixing theshouldered nuts in the appropriate openings.
4 Connect the base station to the battery.
Position 1 Position 2: the base stationis fixed on a vertical support.
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Use the optional mast
Description
Deployment conditions will be optimised if the base station is clipped onto theextension bracket fixed to the top of a mast.
Manfrotto masts are recommended for the optional mast. This mast issupplied with the extension bracket. The mast has a UNC 3/8 Americanthreaded joint end. The extension bracket fits perfectly on the mast or on anyother standard mast.
Two positions of the base station on the extension bracket: wall or ceilingposition.
Steps
1 Fix the extension bracket on the mast: set the mast at its minimumheight. Screw on the extension bracket clockwise.
2 Pass the spiral cable through the large opening.
3 Select the base station orientation in the wall or ceiling position on theextension bracket. Then attach the base station.
4 Unscrew the first mast fixing screw. In this position, fasten the batteryattachment screw (clockwise) supplied with the demonstration kit.
5 Connect the battery to the base station.
6 Attach the battery to the mast.
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Using the M626x DECT Deployment Kit 13
2Using theM626x DECT Deployment Kit
This chapter explains how to put the DECT M626x Deployment Kit in serviceand test the radio quality of the base station according to the test modeselected.
The DECT M626x Deployment Kitallows operators to deploy on their own orwith another person.
The usage procedure involves the following tasks:
✔✔✔✔ "Put the cordless handsets in service"
✔✔✔✔ "Use the visual mode"
✔✔✔✔ "Use the tone mode"
✔✔✔✔ "Use the intercom mode"
✔✔✔✔ "Use the audio mode - music option"
✔✔✔✔ "Declare a new cordless handset in the base station"
1 Power up the M902 or C4020 cordless handset by pressing the C key,located on the top left of the keypad, for a few seconds.
2 The display of the cordless handset lights up and displays one of thefollowing messages:
!!!! To declare a cordless handset in the base station, see page 22.
3 To turn off the cordless handset, press and hold down the C key untilthe cordless handset is turned off completely.
Message or icon Explanation
Not in range the cordless handset is outside the base station radio coverage area or is not declared in the base station
the cordless handset is within the base station radio coverage area
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Use the Kit in test mode
The test mode principle involves establishing a communication either betweenthe base station and the cordless handset or between both cordless handsets.Then, by moving around the base station, in assessing its radio transmissionand reception quality according to the data sent by the cordless handset.
The deployment involves two test positions:
• the cordless handset in listening position against the ear
• or clipped on to a belt around the waist
The operator also needs to take account of body position as regards thecordless handset-base station axis.
Diagram showing the radio transmission and reception quality of a base station
The tone mode is used during the communication phase between thecordless handset and the base station. When the radio quality becomesdegraded, the tone will also degrade: the tone is subject to interference ormute. The tone mode cannot be used by two cordless handsets at the sametime.
✩✩✩✩ The tone mode can be combined with the visual mode.
Steps
1 Set up a communication between the cordless handset and the basestation by pressing the green key on the telephone keypad. Thecordless handset receives a tone from the base station, set at 500 Hz.
2 Move around the base station, listening to the tone sent by the basestation: the tone loses its quality when the cordless handset leavesthe coverage area.
✩✩✩✩ The cordless handset can also be clipped on to a belt around the waist. Press the loudspeaker key or connect the headset to hear the tone.
3 To exit the tone mode, press the green key on the keypad. Thecommunication is terminated.
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Use the visual mode
Description
The visual mode displays the CRC and RSSI values of the base station radiotransmission and reception. These values are used to establish the limits of aradio coverage area when the critical threshold of the values has beenreached. The CRC value determines the radio quality while the RSSI valuedetermines the radio level.
✩✩✩✩ The visual mode can be used with the tone mode, intercom mode, or audio mode - music option.
Establishing the limits of the base station radio transmission and reception isfacilitated by a beep that is emitted in visual mode. When the critical thresholdof one of the values is reached, the cordless handset emits an alarm beep.
The visual test mode can also be used to monitor other base stations that arepresent and within range.
!!!! See page 22.
Steps
1 Press the green key on the telephone keypad to seize the line.
IMPORTANT
When the CRC value is at its critical threshold and the RSSI value is still valid, the limit of the coverage area will be marked at the critical threshold of the CRC value.
Alarm beepThe alarm beep is only emitted for information: it is an aid for deployment. Only the CRC and RSSI values displayed indicate the precise limits of the base station radio range.
If the operator uses the "Auto answer" feature, an external music source canbe connected to one of the cordless handsets and programmed in automaticoff-hook mode.
Steps
1 Connect a Walkman or Discman to one of the cordless handsets:connect the audio cord to the headset socket on the cordless handsetand the other end of the cord to the line-out socket on the Walkman orDiscman.
2 Then, on the same cordless handset, press the key corresponding toMenu!, followed by the "Personalize key. The Personalize menuis displayed.
3 Use the !II" keys on the telephone keypad to move from one line toanother. Press the key corresponding to Auto. answer!. The Auto.answer menu is displayed.
4 Press the key corresponding to Yes!, followed by the C key on thekeypad to exit the menu. The "Auto answer" mode is activated.
5 Start the musical source by pressing "Play" on the Walkman orDiscman.
6 On the second cordless handset, press the green key. The tone istransmitted. Press the # key on this cordless handset to establish thelink with the first cordless handset. The communication is set up after10 seconds.
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7 Test the audio quality:
8 Press the green key on the keypad to terminate the communication.
9 To disable the "Auto answer" feature, press "No in the Auto.answer menu.
Audio quality Explanations
clear cordless handset within the radio coverage area
metallic cordless handset at the limits of the radio coverage area
cut-out or mute cordless handset outside the radio coverage area
Declare a new cordless handset in the base station
Description
The deployment base station does not restrict the number of cordless handsetregistrations. However, only the last two cordless handsets registered will beactive in intercom mode. For the other cordless handsets, the call will berejected and Not available displayed on the screen.
Steps
1 Power down the base station.
"""" See page 9.
2 On the cordless handset, enter the menu Personalize, Declare. Thescreen displays: Declare base number? x.
3 Select the number of the system (base) corresponding base stationfrom the list proposed. Then press Ok!. The screen displays Entercode.
4 Power up the base station and wait a few moments.
5 Press Ok!. No code is needed. The screens displays successivelyPlease wait, then Still waiting and after a few seconds Declarebase Ok. This message confirms that the cordless handset has beenregistered on the base station.
Note: If the message Failed, Retry appears, start the procedureover again from the beginning.
6 To exit this menu, press the C key.
IMPORTANT
For each registration, you must power up and power down the base station: the base station can only register a cordless handset within the minute following power-up.
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Using the M626x DECT Deployment Kit 23
Detect the base stations within range
Description
If a site is equipped with a Matra Nortel Communications integrated DECTsystem, the M902 and C4020 portable handsets can detect the presence ofother base stations. The cordless handset must first be declared in the DECTsystem.
Steps
1 Declare the cordless handset in the site DECT system.
✩✩✩✩ See the installation and set up manuals corresponding to the site integrated DECT system.
2 In menu 22, Select base, select the required DECT system.
Note: Selection of a given DECT system excludes the possibilityof visualising base stations from another system, in thiscase the deployment base station.
3 Carry out line seizure, and at the same time press one of thetelephone keypad diagonals: keys 1, 5, and 9; or 7, 5, and 3.
IMPORTANT
Selection of automatic mode in menu 22 is not recommended: the portable handset detects the nearest system but does not indicate its number on the screen. As a result, the user cannot identify which DECT system is detected by the portable handset.
first displays the first two base stations nearby, classified by RSSI value (decreasing order), they belong to the same cell
third displays the base station on which the cordless handset is "locked", see page 17.
Lines Explanations
first displays the last two base stations of the first cell, in decreasing order of the RSSI values of the base stations
second, third display the base stations close by belonging to another cell, classified in decreasing order of the RSSI values of the base stations
xx bb / xx bbbb: RSSI valueaa: CRC value
zzz: not significant
zzzxx yy aa bb
xx: base station No.
yy: channel and slot
for deployment
xx bb / xx bb
xx bb / xx bb
xx: base station nbb: RSSI value
xx bb / xx bb
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Using the M626x DECT Deployment Kit 25
The M626x DECT Deployment Tool is now operational. The second part of theguide details the principles for DECT deployment. To ensure that thedeployment is a success regardless of the location, refer to the following part.
This chapter provides the user with a site deployment preparation method.The preliminary tasks detailed below are necessary to determine customerrequirements. The success of the deployment depends on:
✔✔✔✔ "Data collection and customer interview"
✔✔✔✔ "Site survey"
✔✔✔✔ "Note taking"
✔✔✔✔ "Organisation of the deployment"
After the site survey and before deployment, the user will reach an agreementwith the customer regarding the seamless coverage area and itsparticularities. You are advised to describe the procedure to the customer sothat the customer's personnel can be informed of the operations that will takeplace.
The data collection phase is essential to determine customer requirements asregards radio coverage, number of users, location of base stations, etc.
This information is then compared with the realities in-the-field. Surveying thesite is important in order to validate the information obtained.
Interview with the customer
The aim of the interview is to obtain sufficient elements so that deploymentcan be carried out in complete independence. During the interview, obtain thefollowing details:
• radio coverage requirements
• the names and telephone numbers of those persons on the site ableto intervene where necessary
• the number of users and associated traffic
• site plans
• detailed information about the building
• customer agreement regarding base station locations
This section includes several tables: the left-hand column details theinformation to be obtained from the customer. The right-hand column is fortaking notes.
Note: These tables can be copied and used for each deployment.
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Steps
1 Obtain the following general information:
Information Notes
schedule, access dates and times
restricted access areas,or protected areas to be covered
keys and codes needed to access the protected areas on the site
2 Radio coverage areas: determine accurately beforehand those areaswhere radio coverage is necessary. Conversely, determine thoseareas where it is not necessary.
Information Notes
essential coverage areas
unnecessary coverage areas
unauthorized radio coverage areas➤ for example, certain
areas in hospitals
partial or total coverage level?
coverage area security level? (relative to the risks of loss of communication)
floors
- Sheet 1 / 2 -
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objects located within the buildings:➤ furniture➤ cupboards and
machines located on all building floors
ground floor
➤ stairwells➤ lifts
➤ basement➤ car parks, indoor,
outdoor
coverage outside the premises➤ roofing➤ terracesAre external antennas planned? Which type?
Counting the number of users involves knowing how many there are, theirdistribution per location, and their mobility. As a rule, the customer will be ableto provide the information regarding user mobility. Mobility covers twoaspects:
• the first one asks the following question: how many communicationswill be made on the cordless handset? Based on the assumption thatall users use their cordless handsets for reasons of mobility, thisquestion can be categorized as follows:
• the second includes the location characteristics: for example, acorridor leading to the company canteen will be very busy at certaintimes, so there will be high mobility and possibly a high level of traffic.
Mobility Explanation
Low less than 25% of communications are from cordless handsets
Medium between 25% and 60% of communications are from cordless handsets
High more than 60% of communications are from cordless handsets
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Steps
1 During the interview, ask the following general questions:
Information Notes
number of wireless users
number of users with wire-based telephones
expected extension of wireless users
average user mobility
specific mobility of certain users, relative to one or more special activities
average traffic per user and per hour (where appropriate, measured in Erlang)
2 When you have obtained this information, try to specify with thecustomer the information detailed in the table below. Otherwise, complete any missing information during the site visit, orduring deployment.
Location Number of users Mobility
building
floors
corridors
conference room
cafeteria
canteen
hall
car park
terraces
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specific assembly points(reception area, photocopy room)
Site surveyA complete set of site plans is required. The measurements must be clearlyshown on the plans.
View the architecture plans
An initial look at the architecture plans will provide a global overview of thesite. The plans provide some bearings which will be useful during the visit.
Visit the site with the customer
Visiting the site with the customer has several purposes:
• make general observations about the site
• complete the information obtained from the customer, check andcompare the essential details
• come to an agreement with the customer regarding any adaptations tobe made to the premises, if necessary; for example: relocating a metalcabinet, a partition, a desk, etc. to install a base station.
IMPORTANT
Come to an agreement with the customerIn some cases, the customer may ask for the base stations to be installed out of sight or in inappropriate places, such as on stone columns or ventilation shafts. It is important to come to an agreement with the customer regarding the location of the base stations: some inappropriate locations do not ensure quality radio coverage.
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Steps
1 Find out about the specific characteristics of the buildings:
Information Notes
identification of the building
dimensions
building materials:➤ walls➤ flooring➤ double thickness of the floors➤ ceilings
dimensions
type of usage of the premises, for example: ➤ office➤ hotel➤ plant➤ warehouse➤ crossing for trucks, fork-lift
Is any building work planned?office mobile partitions,metal cabinets
premises and usage
other
Information Notes
- Sheet 2 / 2 -
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Organisation of the deployment
Take notes
Data collection, such as the site survey, requires systematic note taking, giventhe amount of details required. Clear note taking facilitates deployment.
During deployment, data identification is equally important and is used to:
• carry out the task, monitoring developments
• validate the final project with the customer
• pass on to the installer accurate data for deployment of the DECTsystem
Be equipped
To ensure correct deployment, you will need the following equipment:
✔✔✔✔ M626x DECT Deployment Kit
✔✔✔✔ copy of the site plans
✔✔✔✔ notes taken and sketches made during the data collection and sitesurvey
✔✔✔✔ copy of the sheets supplied in the programming record
Before starting deployment, you are advised to define the locations and theorder in which the procedure is to be carried out. Below are somerecommendations for starting deployment:
✔✔✔✔ mark the critical points on the plan
✔✔✔✔ start with the most difficult areas and work towards the easier ones
✔✔✔✔ start deploying inside the premises and then move outdoors, insofaras outdoors can be covered by the indoor coverage
✔✔✔✔ premises with several levels: start with the ground floor, then move onto the floors above and finish with the basement; start with theintermediary floors, then move to the floors above and below.
!!!! For more details, see "Deployment of a mobility area", page 45.
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2Deployment of the mobility area
This chapter describes how to choose appropriate locations for base stationson a site to obtain a seamless coverage area. Wireless users in this area(called the mobility area) can transmit and receive calls.
The deployment procedure consists in:
✔✔✔✔ locating the centres of the radio coverage areas where the basestations are to be installed
✔✔✔✔ creating areas with optimal coverage, serving the critical points
✔✔✔✔ ensuring the overlapping of the coverage areas over the entiremobility area. This will then provide for seamless communications andhandover with no loss of sound quality
Note: The definition of the number of base stations according to the trafficand number of users is described in the chapter: "Site dimensioning",page 65.
The radio coverage area refers to the space over which a base stationtransmits and receives. The radio range varies according to the types ofmaterials found on the site:
• bulk, lightweight or reinforced concrete, wood, and plaster all absorbradio waves or cause them to be propagated in different ways
• lead walls, walls protected against interference, etc. are hermetic toradio reception and transmission
• metal walls and long rows of metal cabinets reflect all signals andreduce the coverage area behind them.
The size of the radio areas can be assessed using the following information:
Type of premises Average range covered
Unobstructed outdoor areas (parking lots) 200/300 m
Exhibition halls or production rooms without protrusions
100 m
Workshops, sales surfaces 60 m
Office areas without protruding obstacles 40 m
Basements (underground car parks, etc.) 20 m
Office spaces with obstacles, metal partitions, metal cabinets
Lift and stairs access areas
10 to 30 m
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Deployment of a mobility area
The mobility area or seamless coverage area is made up of several radiocoverage areas. The radio coverage areas are deployed one by one and sideby side. This technique offers equal distribution of the transmission andreception centres and guarantees overlapping of the radio coverage areas.
The steps for deploying a mobility area are as follows:
✔✔✔✔ determine the critical points
✔✔✔✔ establish and trace the boundaries of radio transmission and receptionfrom two critical points
✔✔✔✔ establish the intersection points of the boundary lines of the differentradio transmissions and receptions
✔✔✔✔ place the base station on the defined centre and determine the limitsof the new coverage area
✔✔✔✔ use the cordless handset(s) to test the communication sound quality inthis coverage area up to the critical points
✔✔✔✔ at the limit of the first deployed radio coverage area, locate the newcritical points and deploy a new coverage area
✔✔✔✔ continue in this way until you obtain a seamless coverage area: themobility area.
The critical points are the starting points for deployment. The purpose of thismethod is to determine the coverage area centres where the base stations areto be positioned. The radio range potential is dependent on the choice ofthese centres. The range must serve both the central parts of the area and itsextremities.
The deployment method from the critical points is used to reduce the numberof radio coverage areas to be deployed.
To deploy a radio coverage area, follow these recommendations:
• place the base station in a low position (between 80 cm (30 in) and120 cm (48 in) above the ground) on the critical points
• place the base station in its final position on the centres of thecoverage areas
Steps
1 Identify the initial critical points on the plan. Mark these points on theplan using a different colour crayon for each one.
2 Select, as the first critical point, the point located in the corner furthestfrom the central areas of the premises. Name this point P1. Seediagram number 1:
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3 Place the M626x DECT Deployment Kit base station here, in a lowposition: between 80 cm (30 in) and 120 cm (48 in) above the ground.
4 Set up a communication between the base station and the cordlesshandset, in test mode.
"""" See "Use the Kit in test mode", page 15.
5 Move away from the base station, monitoring the CRC value and theRSSI value displayed on the cordless handset.
6 On the plan, mark the limits of the radio range and link them.
7 Select a nearby critical point adjacent to the first one and name it P2.
✩✩✩✩ Use the same marker colour to indicate the critical point and the limit of its radio area.
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8 Place the base station here, in a low position. Repeat steps 4 to 7.See diagram number 3:
9 On the plan, trace an intersection point on the boundary lines andposition the centre (C1). See diagram number 4.The centre must fulfil the following conditions:
• be as far as possible away from the critical points
• ensure good sound quality at the critical points
✩✩✩✩ If the limit of the radio coverage area includes other critical points, disregard these critical points during deployment.
10 Use the plan to carry over the centre of the coverage area to thecorresponding place on the site. Place the base station on this centre(C1).
Note: In some cases, the base station cannot be placed exactlywhere the arcs intersect. If this is the case, place it as near aspossible to the intersection (1 or 2 metres away at most).
The boundary lines are not intersectedIf the boundary lines are not intersected, select a critical point exactly in between the two initial critical points and start the procedure again.
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11 Establish the limits of the coverage area from the centre (C1). Seediagram number 5:
12 Check the sound quality and RSSI and CRC values of this firstcoverage area (A1) by moving around inside it.
✩✩✩✩ If centre C1 gives good radio coverage, stick a label here as a marker for the installer.
Deployment of the mobility area implies the overlapping of the coverageareas. You are advised to start by deploying from the mobility area extremitiestowards the centre.
Steps
1 Place the base station on the first critical point P1. Locate the limits ofthe radio range from this point and note this on the plan.
2 Place the base station on the second critical point P2 at the otherextremity. Find out the limits of its radio range and note this on theplan.
3 If the radio range limits of points P1 and P2 are not intersected on theplan, locate a new critical point P3. This new critical point is located on the limit of the radio range of pointP1. See diagram number 6.
4 Place the base station on the new critical point P3. Locate its radiorange and note the limits on the plan.
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5 On the plan, trace an intersection point of the radio range limits ofpoints P1 and P3 and position the centre (C1).
6 Deploy coverage area A1 as described in "Deploy a radio coveragearea", page 46, placing the base station at the exact same height asfor its final location.
7 At the intersection of the radio ranges of points P2 and P3, determinethe new centre C2 which is to be used to deploy the second coveragearea A2.
8 Place the base station on centre C2 at the exact same height as forits final location and determine the limits of the new coverage areaA2. Use the method described in "Deploy a radio coverage area",page 46.
Note: Locate the limits of area A2, also within the first radiocoverage area (A1).
10 Opposite the initial critical points (P1, P3, P2), locate new criticalpoints on the limit of and inside areas A1 and A2: P4, P5, P6. Seediagram number 8.
11 Start from these critical points and deploy new coverage areas untilthe entire mobility area is covered.
12 Make sure that all the radio coverage areas overlap in all directions.
IMPORTANT
Overlapping of coverage areas
Make sure the new critical points are placed well within the deployed radio coverage areas: from 1 to 3 metres (3 to 9 feet) from the limit of the area.
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Solving sound quality problems
A loss of sound quality may be detected close to the transmission andreception centre. In some cases, this loss of quality may be due to the type ofequipment installed in these premises, or to its configuration. In this case, youmust:
• relocate any obstructing equipment, where possible. For example:metal cabinets
• or move the centre of the radio coverage area a few centimetres
Steps
1 Move the centre of the radio coverage area closer to the office orwork area in question.
2 Test the CRC and RSSI values in this part and make sure that theradio coverage is sufficient.
3 Test the sound quality in each place where users will transmit orreceive calls.
IMPORTANT
This operation may have an impact on the radio coverage in other places. Make sure all the critical points are correctly covered by the new position of the centre of the radio coverage area.
Deployment in three dimensionsThis deployment procedure applies in cases where the radio coverageincludes more than one floor level.
Study the radio transmission and reception through the floors
Description
Before deployment in a building with several floors, you must first study radiotransmission and reception through the floors.
Most modern buildings have false ceilings, many metallic elements andreinforced concrete. The radio transmission and reception of the DECTsystem is therefore limited by these types of materials.
The study of transmission and reception through the floors determineswhether several floors will be included in a same coverage area.
Steps
1 Place the base station of the DECT M626x Deployment Kit on anintermediate floor on the site.
2 Without moving the base station, go to the floor above, then measurethe horizontal coverage at this location.
3 Without moving the base station, go to the floor directly below andmeasure the horizontal coverage at this location. If the flooring allows good radio transmission and receptionpenetration, the vertical coverage will also reach the floor above andthe floor below the one where the base station is located.
Note: When radio transmission and reception through the flooringis weak, each floor requires a separate deployment.
The following section describes how to deploy a horizontal andvertical coverage area from a single base station and through severalfloors.
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Deployment on several floors
Description
The deployment procedure varies according to:
• radio transmission and reception through the flooring
• similarities and differences between the floorsNote: If floors have the same configuration, but the flooring and ceilings are
impervious to radio transmission and reception, use the deploymentdata for one floor and apply them on identical floors.
Steps
1 Deploy a radio coverage area on one floor. The ideal radiotransmission and reception for a base station between several floorsis shown in the diagram below:
2 When you have determined the radio coverage area, draw a planillustrating the proposed locations of all the base stations for eachfloor. Note: On the floors, you are advised to arrange the base stations
with one base station in the centre and the others surroundingit, as shown in the following diagram:
3 Indicate on the plan the anticipated coverage for each radio basestation.
4 Using the deployment tools, check that the actual coverage areacoincides with the one mapped.
Note: If the floor plans are different, refer to "Deploy a radiocoverage area", page 46 and "Deploy the seamless mobilityarea", page 52.
IMPORTANT
The similarities between the floors do not exclude variations in the radio transmission and reception. You are advised to check the sound quality on each floor. If in doubt, use the critical points method.
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Vertical deployment
Certain sites, such as hangars, towers, or halls, require special procedures.This section provides indications relating to deployment on these sites.
Radio coverage areas located in premises with high ceilings are usually largerthan other radio coverage areas in the building:
• plan for this location taking into account the total height
• view this location as a single room, not subdivided into floors
• the higher a base station is located, the greater its coverage area
Note: Make sure the base stations are positioned at a maximum height of 5to 6 metres, as this will facilitate maintenance work.
• place the centres of the radio coverage areas in a hall only if they areto cover the hall and not the adjacent areas,
• first carry out deployment in a hall if it takes up more than one third ofthe building or if it must contain more than one radio coverage area
Once the deployment has been completed inside the premises, checkwhether the internal coverage areas radiate outdoors. If this is the case,deploy new coverage areas outdoors taking account of the internaldeployment.
When carrying out deployment outdoors, you must comply with theserecommendations:
• the base station must be positioned at a height of at least 4 m (13 ft)and at most 6 m (20 ft) above the ground or the horizontal surface tobe covered
• select a base station position that is unobstructed and up to the criticalpoint to cover
Risks of storm related accidentsDo not deploy a radio coverage area if there is a threat of a storm. In some cases, it is preferable to install a lightning conductor on the site to reduce the risks of storm related accidents.
IMPORTANT
The customer must be informed of any critical point for which coverage cannot be achieved.
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Steps
1 Note each critical point to be covered on the site plan.
2 Starting from two critical points, determine the centre of the coveragearea as defined in section "Deploy the seamless mobility area", page52.
Note: If location constraints mean that a base station cannot beinstalled (area with no walls or support), select a potentialcoverage area centre, moving it as close as possible to thecritical point.
3 Place the deployment tool on this potential centre.
4 Using the cordless handset, check that the external coveragereaches the critical point.
5 If the critical point is covered, the centre of the radio coverage area islocated at the position chosen in step 2.
6 Mark on the plan the centre located.
7 Repeat steps 2 to 5 for other critical points, until the entire externalmobility area is covered.
External antennas must be considered in locations of the following type: openor closed car parks, courtyards, terraces, etc.
The radio station of the DECT M626x Deployment Kitplaced on a mast isadapted for deployment on a radio coverage area serviced by externalantennas. During the deployment, take into account the characteristicsdescribed below:
An external antenna is connected to a base station. There are two types ofantenna:
• for omnidirectional antennas, make sure you do not position thecoverage area centre on a metallic support
• the shaped beam antenna can, however, be fixed on any support
Omnidirectional antenna
Deployment is carried out as explained in "Deploy a radio coverage areaoutdoors", page 60. However, make sure the base station is placed verticallyon the mast, with a 35 cm (14 in.) clearing around the base station.
Antenna Characteristics
Omnidirectional The antenna is positioned at a maximum distance of 8 metres from the base station to which it is connected.
Shaped beam The energy radiated from the antenna has an aperture angle of approximately 70°.
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Shaped beam antenna
Steps
1 Determine the critical points of the location, bearing in mind that theshaped beam antenna has unidirectional radio energy radiation,under an aperture angle of approximately 70°. The critical points willbe relatively close together.
2 After marking all the critical points on the plan, trace, from the firstpoint, an aperture angle of approximately 70°, as shown in thefollowing diagram:
3 Place the base station on this first critical point in a vertical position onthe mast. Move around to determine the limits of its transmission andreception range, while remaining in the field marked on the plan.
4 Proceed in the same way from the second critical point.
5 Determine an intersection point for the two transmission andreception fields: this is the position point for the shaped beamantenna.
Note: If the intersection point has not been found, bring the secondcritical point closer to the first one and start the procedureover again from this point.
6 Test the transmission and reception field in the direction of the criticalpoints and by moving around within the area defined. If the radiocoverage area does not cover the critical points, bring the criticalpoints closer and start the deployment procedure again.
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3Site dimensioning
This chapter describes how to determine the number of base stations requiredfor radio coverage of the mobility area. This is done by taking into account aforecast of the traffic level.
Defining the number of DECT base stations
This section details the procedure for defining the number of DECT basestations to be installed and distributed on the site. The method involves thefollowing tasks:
✔✔✔✔ count the number of users per area
✔✔✔✔ define the homogeneous traffic areas on the plan
✔✔✔✔ calculate the average traffic per homogeneous area
✔✔✔✔ determine the number of base stations necessary to support the levelof traffic per homogeneous traffic area
✔✔✔✔ distribute the base stations per radio coverage area
Defining a homogeneous traffic area involves grouping radio coverage areaswhere the traffic and user mobility are similar. The aim is to define a number ofbase stations corresponding to and appropriate for the homogeneous areatraffic.
Steps
1 Using the information obtained from the customer or duringdeployment, estimate user mobility and traffic levels per radiocoverage area. Note this on the plan.
!!!! See "Count the number of users", page 34.
2 On the plan, mark the radio coverage areas in the same geographicsector.
3 Circle in pencil the coverage areas of each sector where the trafficand mobility are similar. This area then constitutes a homogeneoustraffic area.
4 Repeat the procedure for each area where the estimated traffic differsfrom that of the surrounding areas.
Calculating the traffic per homogeneous area covers two aspects:
• the average level of the total duration of communications per user,estimated in Erlang
Note: This information is supplied by the customer.
• the average mobility per user and per area on the site
"""" For more details, see "Data collection", page 30.
The following table illustrates the average traffic estimated per activity:
Average traffic Business function
Low(< 5 min/h)
hospital centre; locations close to operating theatres
Medium(from 5 to 10 min/h)
work yardretail storeschoolplantadvertising agency
High(from 10 to 20 min/h)
law firmreal estate agencystock brokergarage, reception, hospital reception area
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Define the number of base stations per homogeneous traffic area
Description
The number of base stations required per homogeneous area is calculatedaccording to traffic intensity. The minimum number can be obtained from thenumber of radio coverage area centres. But in the case of high traffic levels,one base station per coverage area is not sufficient to handle all the traffic.The method involves considering several overlapping base stations in asimilar coverage area.
Note: To find out the maximum number of overlapping base stations per radiocoverage area, refer to the Installation manual of the productconcerned.
Steps
1 Calculate the number of radio coverage areas per homogeneoustraffic area. The number obtained corresponds to the minimumnumber of base stations to be installed. Note down this number.
2 Calculate the number of users per elementary radio area in ahomogeneous area.Note down the results of these calculations.
3 Using the results of the previous calculations, refer to thedimensioning table provided in the Installation manual for thecorresponding DECT system. This table details the number of basestations necessary to handle the traffic.
Distribute the DECT base stations per coverage area
Description
The number of base stations required to handle the traffic on thehomogeneous area is then distributed in each coverage area.
Steps
1 For each homogeneous area, calculate the number of base stationsrequired to handle the traffic.
2 Distribute the base stations on the plan, bearing in mind that eachcoverage area can contain up to a certain number of overlappingbase stations.
Note: The maximum number of overlapping base stations variesaccording to each DECT system.
3 Using the plan, mark the position of the base stations on the site,using colour self-adhesive discs that can be seen easily by theinstaller.
Note: If the traffic is heavy and the number of base stations requiredis higher than the maximum number of base stationsauthorised per coverage area, create a deployment plan fortwo or more DECT systems.
IMPORTANT
To ensure correct operation of the DECT system, certain hardware constraints must be respected. Refer to the corresponding Installation manual to determine the maximum number of overlapping base stations and the minimum distance authorised between them in a similar radio coverage area.
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4Before you leave the site
Once the deployment and dimensioning work has been completed, a fewchecks need to be made to finalize the project:
✔✔✔✔ "Check the deployment plan"
✔✔✔✔ "Validate the dimensioning"
✔✔✔✔ "Note down deployment data"
✔✔✔✔ "Validate the project with the customer"
The clarity and cohesion of the deployment project depend on this validationphase. They constitute the basis of the agreement with the customer forproject approval.
Check the deployment plan
The plan verification phase is essential to make sure that the targets set withthe customer have been reached. This implies:
• checking that all the premises requested by the customer are covered,except in special cases due to the constraints of the premises
• checking that all the critical points are covered, except for specialcases
• comparing the total number of radio base stations with the totalnumber of coverage area centres; these figures must be compatible
• checking that all the radio coverage centres are named
• noting any restrictions relating to the installation
• validating the position of the radio base stations outside the buildings;noting any constraints relating to the external locations
Validate the dimensioning
Description
This procedure involves checking that the envisaged dimensioning on the sitecomplies with the capacities of the DECT system selected.
Steps
1 Make sure the dimensioning complies with the capacity of theselected DECT system. Refer to the Installation manuals of thecorresponding products.
2 If the deployment of the site seamless mobility area requires morebase stations than the number authorised, create a deployment planfor two or more DECT systems. The installer can program thesystems in multisite mode.
3 Check that the base stations are positioned at an authorisedmaximum distance according to the DECT system selected. If thedistance is greater than the authorised values, the customer will haveto propose other possibilities for equipment installation andconfiguration.
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Note down deployment data
This section is a reminder about taking notes concerning deployment data.
Steps
1 In the Programming Record annexed to this manual, note theinformation relating to the customer.
2 In the various tables, note down the numbers of the radio coverageareas and homogeneous traffic areas.
3 Note down the calculated number of users in each radio coveragearea.
4 On the plan, mark the locations of the base stations (on the radiocoverage area centres).
5 Add notes and observations regarding the site mobility area and anyother information of use to the installer.
IMPORTANT
It is strongly recommended to transmit accurate information to the sales department which draws up the quotation for the equipment required. The success of the installation and system configuration depends on this.
The final step involves validating the deployment project with the customer. Toobtain the customer's agreement and ensure satisfaction, project fine-tuningand review is necessary: For this:
• reach an agreement with the customer regarding the number of basestations required for the entire mobility area. Propose otherpossibilities for equipment installation and configuration, wherenecessary
• present a clear plan on which the final positions of the radio basestations are shown
• check and validate the positions of the base stations with thecustomer by visiting the site, both inside and outside the premises
• indicate all locations ill-suited to radio coverage due to materialconstraints
• make the final modifications to the plan if the customer requests anychanges
The customer now has all the elements needed to approve the project. Oncethe project has been approved, the operator passes on the data to theinstaller who then takes charge of the site.
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Programming record
The programming record contains the following elements:
• configuration sheet
• sheet for the number of users per area
The documents provided in the programming record are intended to allow theoperator to take notes during deployment.
Note: These tables can be copied and filled in for each new deployment.
Total number of users per homogeneous traffic area
Homogeneous area number
Users with cordless handsets
Users without cordless handsets
MNPS9006AAAAA01, Issue 2.01, January 2001
Nortel Networks M626x DECT Deployment ToolIssue 2.01, January 2001
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publishers.
Names of the products mentioned in this guide are used only as aids for identification and can be trademarks. Nortel Networks denies any right to these trademarks.
