Defensive Drive

8/14/2019 Defensive Drive

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LAST YEAR

OVER 3 MILLION

PEOPLE DIED !



WAR ?

FAMINE ?

EPIDEMIC ?

NATURAL DISASTER ?

WAS IT:-



NO

THEY DIED ON

THE WORLD’S ROADS



DURING THIS LECTURE

(ONE PERSON EVERY 9 MINUTES OF A WORKING DAY)

63

PEOPLE WILL BE KILLED OR

SERIOUSLY INJURED ON OURROADS.





OBJECTIVES

you will be able to:

• Apply your knowledge of defensivedriving techniques to safelyoperate your vehicle

• Ensure that through good drivingskills wear and damage is kept to aminimum



INTRODUCTION

• Identifying causes of accidents• Accident costs

• Dual Tasking

• Defensive driving techniques

• Forces at work

• Identifying vulnerable road users

• MSM

• Moving off and stopping



INTRODUCTION

• Blind spots

• Junctions

• Road positioning

• Courtesy and consideration

• Adverse conditions

• Stopping conditions

• Use of speed



*Most at risk are males, and attitude is a major factor. (Surely men can’t be bad drivers!)

*Learn from your mistakes. If you have an accidentyou are twice as likely to have another one within

the next three years.

*People most at risk are pedestrians especially the

elderly and children.

SOME FACTS



WHAT CAUSED THESE

ACCIDENTS?





IS THIS THE SAFEWAY TO DRIVE?



STRAY SHEEP ON A1M



SOME FACTS

Accidents rarely just happen!

95% of accidents are due tohuman error

IT’S NOT AN ACCIDENT IT’S A

CRASH!



ACCIDENTS ARE COSTLY TO :- REPUTATIONS

JOBS

INCOME

LIFE



INSURANCE

Our insurance cover is third party only.

We have a £750,000 excess

Accident costs come directly from your own depot’s budget

Each vehicle costs on average £1264 ayear to insure



The damage to the vehicle you collided

with is minimal, the driver of the other vehicle does not make a claim.

However

The 23 passengers travelling on your

vehicle each submit a claim for on

average £500 each.



Buses are one of the safest

forms of transport. During 2004 only 20 people were killed in Bus Accidents

in Great Britain out of the total of 3,221 Road Fatalities.

Bus accidents are rare but readily

reported, however, they sell

Newspapers.









WHAT MAKES A GOOD

DRIVER?

SPEND FIVE MINUTES JOTTING DOWN YOUR

IDEAS



•SKILL•KNOWLEDGE

•OBSERVATION

•PERCEPTION

•PATIENCE

•EXPERIENCE

(not the same as length of service)

•A LITTLE LUCK

GOOD DRIVERS HAVE:-



Driving StandardsDriving Standards

Agency VideoAgency Video

“Driving Buses andCoaches Safely”

OBSERVATION AND



OBSERVATION ANDFORWARD PLANNING

• MSM

• Blind spots

• Moving off and stopping

• Junctions

• Road positioning

• Courtesy and consideration

• Height

WHAT POINTS DID THE VIDEO MAKE ABOUT:-



Typical Stopping



Typical StoppingDistances

20mph 6m / 20ft

9m / 30ft

12m / 40ft

15m / 50ft

18m / 60ft

21m / 70ft

14m / 45ft

6m / 20ft

24m / 80ft

38m / 125ft

55m / 180ft

75m / 245ft

Thinking Distance

Stopping Distance

TOTAL = 40ft / 1¹/ ³ BUS LENGTHS

TOTAL = 75ft / 2½ BUS LENGTHS

TOTAL = 120ft / 4 BUS LENGTHS

TOTAL = 175ft / 5¾ BUS LENGTHS

TOTAL = 240ft / 8 BUS LENGTHS

TOTAL = 315ft / 10½ BUS LENGTHS

30mph

40mph

50mph

60mph

70mph



SPEED AND DISTANCE

IS 30MPH FAST ON AN OPEN ROAD?

30MPH = 45FEET PER SECOND.

THAT’S 90 FEET EVERY TWO SECONDSTHE TIME IT TAKES TO:-

LIGHT A CIGARETTE

BITE AN APPLEHAVE A DRINK

ANSWER A MOBILE PHONE



SPEED

Lack of Distance and Speed is a major

contributory cause of accidents

Below 20mph apedestrian has 95%

chance of survival

Above 40mph a

pedestrian has 98%98%

chance of being killed



THE TWO SECOND RULE

Why not drop back if someone pulls into gap?

On a journey to Newcastle from Ashington could

you afford the time to drop back 60 times?

60 x 2 = 120 seconds

= It’s only2mins.AND IN FACT WILL PROBABLY SAVE YOU

TIME



THE TWO SECOND RULE

Early Observation

means you can planyour driving and cut

down on the use of

brakes, thus making

smooth constant

progress.



DUAL TASKINGDUAL TASKING

Driving is a primary functionDriving is a primary function

Dual Tasking is engagingin something else that

distracts YOU from theprimary function



DUAL TASKINGDUAL TASKING

Spend five minutes and

make a note of things busdrivers do that is an

example of dual tasking

Thi B D i d hi h



Things Bus Drivers do which are

“DUAL TASKING”

* Using a mobile phone

* Eating or drinking

* Reading the duty board

* Smoking* Cashing up



Hazard PerceptionHazard Perception



Hazard Perception

What is hazard perception?

The ability to

identify and

respond to a

hazard



HAZARD PERCEPTION(RISK AWARENESS)

MOST DRIVERS LOOK

MANY DRIVERS SEE

SOME DRIVERS PLAN

FEW DRIVERS ACT

THE PROFESSIONAL, DEFENSIVE,

SURVIVING DRIVER DOES



Observation

• We may look but we don’t always see

• Observation is a skill

• You can only react to what you

recognise











NATIONAL EXPRESS

COACH HEADING

SOUTH ON A64

AT 2AM



ARE

YOU

AWARE OFTHE

RISKS?



HAZARDSHAZARDS

A Hazard is anything which isPOTENTIALLY dangerous

There are 3 main types

• STATIC

• MOVING• VARIABLE



STATICSTATIC

• JUNCTIONS

• ROUNDABOUTS

• BENDS

• HILL CRESTS

• STREET FURNITURE

(e.g. Railings / Bus Stops / Traffic lightsetc.)



MOVINGMOVING

• PEDESTRIANS

• OTHER ROAD USERS

• PASSENGERS

Only Bus Drivers have movingpassengers when driving. This makesthem the most vulnerable of all roadusers



VARIABLEVARIABLE

• ROAD SURFACE

• VISIBILITY

• WEATHER CONDITIONS



ADVERSE CONDITIONS

• Rain– Aquaplaning / Floods / After Dry Spell.

• Fog

– Reduced visibility• Ice

– Skidding

• Snow

• Stopping Conditions -– Dry / Wet / Ice / Road Condition



ACCIDENT STATISTICS

Each Year -

310,695 PEOPLE PROVED WRONG.

4,520 NEVER LEARNED FROM THEIR FATAL

MISTAKE.

“IT WON’T HAPPEN TO ME”

Most of us will leave home this morning

and expect to arrive at work

ACCIDENT STATISTICS



ACCIDENT STATISTICS

THIS IS EQUIVALENT TO 10 JUMBO

JETS FULL OF BRITONS CRASHING THIS YEAR.

WOULD WE LET THAT HAPPEN?

1996 -

3,598 KILLED

2004-

3,221 KILLED.

IS THIS AN IMPROVEMENT ?

FINAL SUMARY



FINAL SUMARY we have looked at;

• Causes of accidents

• Costs of accidents

• Dual tasking

• Defensive driving• Forces at work

• Vulnerable road users

• Observation and forward planning

• Road Conditions

• Use of speed



TAKE CARE ON THE ROADS -

DON’T BECOME

ANOTHER

STATISTIC.

DEADDEAD

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Defensive Drive

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