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LAST YEAR
OVER 3 MILLION
PEOPLE DIED !
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WAR ?
FAMINE ?
EPIDEMIC ?
NATURAL DISASTER ?
WAS IT:-
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NO
THEY DIED ON
THE WORLD’S ROADS
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DURING THIS LECTURE
(ONE PERSON EVERY 9 MINUTES OF A WORKING DAY)
63
PEOPLE WILL BE KILLED OR
SERIOUSLY INJURED ON OURROADS.
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OBJECTIVES
you will be able to:
• Apply your knowledge of defensivedriving techniques to safelyoperate your vehicle
• Ensure that through good drivingskills wear and damage is kept to aminimum
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INTRODUCTION
• Identifying causes of accidents• Accident costs
• Dual Tasking
• Defensive driving techniques
• Forces at work
• Identifying vulnerable road users
• MSM
• Moving off and stopping
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INTRODUCTION
• Blind spots
• Junctions
• Road positioning
• Courtesy and consideration
• Adverse conditions
• Stopping conditions
• Use of speed
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*Most at risk are males, and attitude is a major factor. (Surely men can’t be bad drivers!)
*Learn from your mistakes. If you have an accidentyou are twice as likely to have another one within
the next three years.
*People most at risk are pedestrians especially the
elderly and children.
SOME FACTS
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WHAT CAUSED THESE
ACCIDENTS?
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IS THIS THE SAFEWAY TO DRIVE?
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STRAY SHEEP ON A1M
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SOME FACTS
Accidents rarely just happen!
95% of accidents are due tohuman error
IT’S NOT AN ACCIDENT IT’S A
CRASH!
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ACCIDENTS ARE COSTLY TO :- REPUTATIONS
JOBS
INCOME
LIFE
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INSURANCE
Our insurance cover is third party only.
We have a £750,000 excess
Accident costs come directly from your own depot’s budget
Each vehicle costs on average £1264 ayear to insure
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The damage to the vehicle you collided
with is minimal, the driver of the other vehicle does not make a claim.
However
The 23 passengers travelling on your
vehicle each submit a claim for on
average £500 each.
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Buses are one of the safest
forms of transport. During 2004 only 20 people were killed in Bus Accidents
in Great Britain out of the total of 3,221 Road Fatalities.
Bus accidents are rare but readily
reported, however, they sell
Newspapers.
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WHAT MAKES A GOOD
DRIVER?
SPEND FIVE MINUTES JOTTING DOWN YOUR
IDEAS
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•SKILL•KNOWLEDGE
•OBSERVATION
•PERCEPTION
•PATIENCE
•EXPERIENCE
(not the same as length of service)
•A LITTLE LUCK
GOOD DRIVERS HAVE:-
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Driving StandardsDriving Standards
Agency VideoAgency Video
“Driving Buses andCoaches Safely”
OBSERVATION AND
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OBSERVATION ANDFORWARD PLANNING
• MSM
• Blind spots
• Moving off and stopping
• Junctions
• Road positioning
• Courtesy and consideration
• Height
WHAT POINTS DID THE VIDEO MAKE ABOUT:-
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Typical Stopping
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Typical StoppingDistances
20mph 6m / 20ft
9m / 30ft
12m / 40ft
15m / 50ft
18m / 60ft
21m / 70ft
14m / 45ft
6m / 20ft
24m / 80ft
38m / 125ft
55m / 180ft
75m / 245ft
Thinking Distance
Stopping Distance
TOTAL = 40ft / 1¹/ ³ BUS LENGTHS
TOTAL = 75ft / 2½ BUS LENGTHS
TOTAL = 120ft / 4 BUS LENGTHS
TOTAL = 175ft / 5¾ BUS LENGTHS
TOTAL = 240ft / 8 BUS LENGTHS
TOTAL = 315ft / 10½ BUS LENGTHS
30mph
40mph
50mph
60mph
70mph
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SPEED AND DISTANCE
IS 30MPH FAST ON AN OPEN ROAD?
30MPH = 45FEET PER SECOND.
THAT’S 90 FEET EVERY TWO SECONDSTHE TIME IT TAKES TO:-
LIGHT A CIGARETTE
BITE AN APPLEHAVE A DRINK
ANSWER A MOBILE PHONE
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SPEED
Lack of Distance and Speed is a major
contributory cause of accidents
Below 20mph apedestrian has 95%
chance of survival
Above 40mph a
pedestrian has 98%98%
chance of being killed
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THE TWO SECOND RULE
Why not drop back if someone pulls into gap?
On a journey to Newcastle from Ashington could
you afford the time to drop back 60 times?
60 x 2 = 120 seconds
= It’s only2mins.AND IN FACT WILL PROBABLY SAVE YOU
TIME
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THE TWO SECOND RULE
Early Observation
means you can planyour driving and cut
down on the use of
brakes, thus making
smooth constant
progress.
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DUAL TASKINGDUAL TASKING
Driving is a primary functionDriving is a primary function
Dual Tasking is engagingin something else that
distracts YOU from theprimary function
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DUAL TASKINGDUAL TASKING
Spend five minutes and
make a note of things busdrivers do that is an
example of dual tasking
Thi B D i d hi h
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Things Bus Drivers do which are
“DUAL TASKING”
* Using a mobile phone
* Eating or drinking
* Reading the duty board
* Smoking* Cashing up
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Hazard PerceptionHazard Perception
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Hazard Perception
What is hazard perception?
The ability to
identify and
respond to a
hazard
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HAZARD PERCEPTION(RISK AWARENESS)
MOST DRIVERS LOOK
MANY DRIVERS SEE
SOME DRIVERS PLAN
FEW DRIVERS ACT
THE PROFESSIONAL, DEFENSIVE,
SURVIVING DRIVER DOES
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Observation
• We may look but we don’t always see
• Observation is a skill
• You can only react to what you
recognise
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NATIONAL EXPRESS
COACH HEADING
SOUTH ON A64
AT 2AM
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ARE
YOU
AWARE OFTHE
RISKS?
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HAZARDSHAZARDS
A Hazard is anything which isPOTENTIALLY dangerous
There are 3 main types
• STATIC
• MOVING• VARIABLE
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STATICSTATIC
• JUNCTIONS
• ROUNDABOUTS
• BENDS
• HILL CRESTS
• STREET FURNITURE
(e.g. Railings / Bus Stops / Traffic lightsetc.)
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MOVINGMOVING
• PEDESTRIANS
• OTHER ROAD USERS
• PASSENGERS
Only Bus Drivers have movingpassengers when driving. This makesthem the most vulnerable of all roadusers
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VARIABLEVARIABLE
• ROAD SURFACE
• VISIBILITY
• WEATHER CONDITIONS
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ADVERSE CONDITIONS
• Rain– Aquaplaning / Floods / After Dry Spell.
• Fog
– Reduced visibility• Ice
– Skidding
• Snow
• Stopping Conditions -– Dry / Wet / Ice / Road Condition
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ACCIDENT STATISTICS
Each Year -
310,695 PEOPLE PROVED WRONG.
4,520 NEVER LEARNED FROM THEIR FATAL
MISTAKE.
“IT WON’T HAPPEN TO ME”
Most of us will leave home this morning
and expect to arrive at work
ACCIDENT STATISTICS
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ACCIDENT STATISTICS
THIS IS EQUIVALENT TO 10 JUMBO
JETS FULL OF BRITONS CRASHING THIS YEAR.
WOULD WE LET THAT HAPPEN?
1996 -
3,598 KILLED
2004-
3,221 KILLED.
IS THIS AN IMPROVEMENT ?
FINAL SUMARY
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FINAL SUMARY we have looked at;
• Causes of accidents
• Costs of accidents
• Dual tasking
• Defensive driving• Forces at work
• Vulnerable road users
• Observation and forward planning
• Road Conditions
• Use of speed
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TAKE CARE ON THE ROADS -
DON’T BECOME
ANOTHER
STATISTIC.
DEADDEAD