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Deforestation
Presented By Team Genius
Ariana Woodson, Heng Zhang, Martina Gualtieri, Sandra Flores, Sergio Alvarez, and Alex Bricout
What Is It?
• Deforestation is the clearance of naturally occurring forests by logging & burning.
• occurs for many reasons: – fuel or as a commodity, – while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock,– plantations of commodities, and settlements.
• In many countries, deforestation is an ongoing issue that is causing extinction, changes to climatic conditions, desertification, and displacement of indigenous people.
• Among countries with a per capita GDP of at least US$4,600, net deforestation rates have ceased to increase.
Why This Problem?
• Natural resources are under increasing pressure, as Terracivians try to balance economic production, resource conservation, and sustainable development
• The dense forests of Terracivis have made it a significant exporter of timber
• provide habitat for 1,600 species of birds, including 120 endemic species, a number of which are critically endangered
• Industries: logging, mining and refining minerals, coal extraction, textiles, fishing, ecotourism
IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS
• Multiple benefits to environment, people and animals.
-Cool air temperature.-Generation of oxygen.
-Sound barrier and reduce light reflection.-Supply higher quality water with less impurity.
Control water level in floods.
-Minimization of noise pollution.
-Advances in medicine thanks to different herbs and plants.
-Place for education and research.
Causes of Deforestation• corruption of government institutions• the inequitable distribution of wealth and power• population growth and overpopulation• urbanization • Globalization is often viewed as another root cause of deforestation
– cases in which the impacts of globalization have promoted localized forest recovery.
• In 2000 the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) found that "the role of population dynamics in a local setting may vary from decisive to negligible," and that deforestation can result from "a combination of population pressure and stagnating economic, social and technological conditions."
Eviromental Problems• Atmospheric
– Deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography.– Deforestation is a contributor to global warming, and is often cited as
one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change deforestation, mainly in tropical areas, could account for up to one-third of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions.
• Hydrological– Trees extract groundwater through their roots & release into
atmosphere– When part of forest is removed trees don’t evaporate away this water
and climate becomes dry– Deforestation reduces content of water in soil & groundwater as well
as atmospheric moisture
Cont.• Deforestation reduces soil cohesion
– erosion, flooding & landslides ensue• Forests enhance the recharge of aquifers in some locales,
– forests are a major source of aquifer depletion on most locales. • Soil• Undisturbed forests have very low rate of soil loss,
– Approx. 2 metric tons per square kilometer (6 short tons per square mile). • generally increases rates of soil erosion
– increasing amount of runoff & reducing protection of soil from tree litter – This can be an advantage in excessively leached tropical rain forest soils
• Forestry operations themselves also increase erosion through the development of roads and use of mechanized equipment
Economic Impact
• Damage to forests & other aspects of nature could halve living standards for world's poor & reduce global GDP by about 7% by 2050,– a major report concluded at the Convention on
Biological Diversity (CBD) meeting in Bonn. • Historically utilization of forest products played
key role in human societies • Today, developed countries continue to utilize
timber for building houses, and wood pulp for paper
COUNTRIES WITH DEFORESTATION
• NIGERIA.-Worst deforestation rate.
-CONSEQUENCES: loss of natural systems, extinction of animal species, soil loss and decrease in the number of trees.
• BRAZIL.-deforestation caused by constant logging (legal or illegal),
cattle ranching, etc.
-decrease in the availability of renewable resources (fruits, vegetables…)
-destruction of local cultures
• CONGO.-causes are building infrastructure, local subsistence activities
(mainly agriculture), in addition to commercial logging and mining.
-loss of ecosystems, decrease in biodiversity, soil loss and erosion, resources loss…
Congo Brazil
Nigeria
Causes of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, 2000-2005
Tropical deforestation rates from 2000-2005
Solutions
• Protect through organizations– Greenpeace– Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES)
• Sustainable logging– Balance demands and preservation– Plant 10 for every 1– Reduce emissions
Solutions Cont.
• Controlled farming– Manage compaction through confining to
narrow strips
• Reforestation– Restock existing forest areas– Peace Corps can get volunteers to replant– Companies involved in reforestation
Bibliography• "A WORLD Imperiled: FORCES BEHIND FOREST LOSS." Mongabay.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jul 2010.
<http://rainforests.mongabay.com/0801.htm>.
• "What is Cites?." Discover CITES. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wold Fauna and Flora , n.d. Web. 27 Jul 2010. <http://www.cites.org/eng/disc/what.shtml>.
• Butler, Rhett A. “Title of this page (see top of browser window for specific page).” Mongabay.com / A Place Out of Time: Tropical Rainforests and the Perils They Face. 9 January 2006.
• Butler, Rhetta. "Sustainable Logging and Improved Forest Management." Reduced-Impact Logging . Mongabay.com, n.d. Web. 29 Jul 2010. <http://rainforests.mongabay.com/1011.htm>.
• Mitchell , Deborah. "TURN DEFORESTATION INTO REFORESTATION ." How To Make A Difference On Vacation. Charity Guide, 2007. Web. 26 Jul 2010. <http://charityguide.org/volunteer/vacation/deforestation-reforestation.htm>.
• Butler, Rhett A. “Title of this page (see top of browser window for specific page).” Mongabay.com / A Place Out of Time: Tropical Rainforests and the Perils They Face. 9 January 2006.
• Globe, Jakarta. "Sustainable logging to solve deforestation ." Chatham House, 24/04/2009. Web. 29 Jul 2010. <http://www.illegal-logging.info/item_single.php?it_id=3269&it=news>.
• Johnson, Toni. "Deforestation and Greenhouse-Gas Emissions ." Council on Foreign Relations, 21/12/2009. Web. 26 Jul 2010. <http://www.cfr.org/publication/14919/deforestation_and_greenhousegas_emissions.html#>.
• Sheehan, Megan. "Reduced-Impact Logging." Climate Change: What We Do. Nature picture credits , 04/2009. Web. 26 Jul 2010. <http://www.nature.org/initiatives/climatechange/strategies/art28057.html>.
• Butler, Rhetta. "Deforestation charts and graphics. ." Deforestation Charts - General Overview. Mongabay.com, n.d. Web. 30 Jul 2010. <http://www.mongabay.com/general_tables.htm>.
• Kirby, Alex. "Britons urge tighter meat imports." BBC News (2004): 1. Web. 30 Jul 2010. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3527241.stm>.
Deforestation Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioTEOOTlEi4
If the video doesn’t work, copy and paste this to your URL.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioTEOOTlEi4