Arun Diwakar

Desiccant Rotors International

& Bry-Air(Asia)

Dehumidification & Indirect

Evaporative Cooling

What is Moisture?

It is the water-vapour present in airaround us.

To understand or relate to moisture,we use the term RELATIVEHUMIDITY.

As the name suggests RH gives usa primary understanding of themoisture content in the air and is arelative term.

How do we control the RH in the surrounding

air?

Answer...

DESSICANT DEHUMIDIFICATION:

It is a process of removing excess moisture from the

surrounding air by using desiccants.

How does a

Desiccant Dehumidifier works?

Fresh Air in

Process Air out

React Air in

Wet Air out

Operating Principle of the

Desiccant Dehumidifier

Moisture-laden air entersthe unit through theprocess inlet and passesthrough the EcoDrymetal silicate fluteddesiccant synthesizedrotor, where the moistureis adsorbed.

The dry, dehumidified airis then delivered toconditioned area throughthe process outlet.

How does it work?

Rotation

Some typical applications

of

DEHUMIDIFIERS

Production & Processing Area

● Food (Snack & Health Food)

●Biscuits

●Chocolates/Candy

● Pharmaceuticals

●Breweries

● Safety Glass

● Sand Blasting

● Electronics

● Photographic Films etc.

Storage

● Turbine Storage

● Electrode Storage

● Bearing

● Precision components

● Electronics

● Food items

● Leather

● Seeds

● Sugar etc.

Packaging

● Hygroscopic Powders

● Dairy products

● Tea/Coffee

● Chemicals

● Fertilizer etc.

and many more...

Product Drying

● Foods

● Tea

● Coffee

● Cocoa

● Gelatine

● Soft Gelatin

● Capsules

● Yeast

● Seeds

● Silk

● Craft Paper Shells

Indoor Swimming PoolHumidity Control is Important in Indoor Swimming

Pool

• No mold & mildew on the wall / duct surfaces

• No fogging, condensation, rusting and rotting

• Reduction in annual maintenance costs

• Year round comfort conditions for humans beings

• Reduced injuries due to avoidance of slipping

and falling accidents due to wet floor

• Improved sanitation in indoor pool area through

elimination of overhead grill condensation

• Independent temperature and humidity control

Solution

Desiccant dehumidifiers offer simple and most economical solutions to humidity control .Dehumidifiers

remove excess moisture from the air inside the pool area by continuously circulating dry air and thus

controlling relative humidity between 50 to 60%. This prevents discomfort of swimmers and hampers

growth of microorganisms in the pool interior.

Cold StorageHumidity Control in Cold Stores using Sorption

Technologies

Typical Problems in Active Cold Storage

• Wet floors and ice build up on walls,

floors and conveyors

• Ice build up on evaporator coils.

• Frost build up near the loading docks

• Fog in the loading dock

• Moisture absorption by cardboard

cartons etc which causes cartons to

soften and sag, making them unstable

and hazardous to workers as well as un-

markable

• Extra cost for defrosting and frosting

Source – Direct Floral Source International, Schaumburg, Illinois

Moisture ingress in the docking area due to:

• Frequent opening of the doors

• Fresh air

• Permeation due to walls

• People load

Source – Direct Floral Source International, Schaumburg, Illinois

A Schematic Representation

• Product load

• Cracks

• Wet surface

• Wall opening

A more effective and practical

solution is to have a

“Dehumidified Air Curtain”

Cold Storage

Solution

•Major benefits realized thru humidity control in Cold Stores using sorption technologies are:• Reduced occupational injuries due to avoidance of slipping and falling and pallet mover accidents due to

wet/icy floor

• Reduction in annual operational costs

• Reduction in dock evaporator defrosts

• - Summer defrost schedules can be set back to winter schedules

• Independent temperature control

• Attractive Payback Period

• Improved sanitation in warehouse thru elimination of overhead condensation, snow, and ice

• Labor cost reduction due to avoidance of chipping ice off floors, racks or products

• Increased productivity as well as worker’s safety

• Increased shelf life

• Lower power consumption

• Easy to install and use

• Increased life of infrastructure

Cold Storage

Archives, Museums and Library

Preservation in Archives, Museums and Library

through Humidity Control

Humidity Control prevents:

• Warping

• Mildew Growth

• Fungus Growth

• Decay of Paper/Documents/Books

• Decay Films/Photographic material

• Decay of Paintings

• Corrosion on metals

• Decay of Leather goods, Wooden items etc.

PROBLEM IDENTIFIED

• Preserving books, historic documents, paintings,

photographs from the ravages of time.

• Books, historic documents, photographs and art

works are all hygroscopic because they have paper

as the organic base material.

• When they absorb moisture, they provide a base for

micro-organisms to multiply and breed, causing

irreparable damage.

SOLUTION

• Dehumidifiers provide a low humidity

environment which prevents microbial attack.

The dry air is often enough for preservation

without necessarily involving temperature control.

Archives, Museums and Library

HospitalsCritical areas in Hospitals that require

temperature & humidity control

• Operation Theatre Rooms (18°C~22°C @

50%RH)

• Imaging Department: X-Ray room, MRI, CT

Scanner, Mammography, Ultra Sound,

Fluoroscopy, Angiology, Tomography. (22°C ~

24°C @ 50%RH)

• Pathology Department : Dark Room, Biology

lab, Chemical lab, Immunology, Hematology

(22°C~24°C @ 50%RH)

“Not A New Concept”

In fact it's the oldest known method of cooling hot & dry air to make

living or working spaces more comfortable.

In ancient times, People hung wet materials, so that wind could

blow through it to create a cooling effect.

Cooling of water in clay pot is perfect example of evaporative

cooling.

Max Cool Pads are

uniform for even air-flow

Switching helps bonding of

engineered fibers to netting. Reduce

sagging and adds lots of strength.

What is Evaporative Cooling?

Water removes heat from our body 7 times faster than air. So when we get out of the pool our body is wet, because the water at the surface of our body begins to evaporate and evaporation causes cooling.

Why do swimmer feels cold after emerging

from pool?

&Air Water

Evaporative Cooling using 2 Natural Elements

Extracted from ASHRAE Standard 55 - 2013

THERMAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR HUMAN OCCUPANCY

Adaptive Comfort

Adaptive Approach - The fundamental concept is to stretch the

range of comfort temperature. Adaptive Approach also shows

that the ambient outside air temperature is the most important

parameter that affects the Comfort Temperature.

It has been widely accepted that by applying a suitable

combination of temperature, humidity, air movement, air

cleanliness and dress protocol, that it is possible to find human

comfort over a wide range of temperatures.

By accepting comfort temperatures around 26 - 30 deg C - with

higher air changes and allied with enhanced air movement,

most of the occupants can be kept within the comfort zone,

while achieving substantial energy savings.

Adaptive Comfort

What is Evaporative Cooling ?

Direct Evaporative Cooling

Water evaporates directly into the air stream, thus reducing the air

temperature while humidifying the air.

Outdoor Air

Hot & Dry Supply Air

Cool & Fresh

Water

Psychometric Representation

Direct Evaporative Cooling

DBT

Mo

istu

re C

on

ten

t

1

2

Constant Wet Bulb

Enthalpy

RH %

Direct Evaporative Cooling

1000 CFM - 100000 CFM

Indirect Evaporative Cooling ( IDEC) Single Stage

Outdoor Air

Hot & DrySupply Air

Cool & Fresh

WaterExhaust

Secondary Air

Stream

D

RI

C

oo

l

M

od

ul

e

Indirect Evaporative Cooling

Psychrometric Representation

DBT

Mois

ture

Conte

nt

12

Constant Wet Bulb

Enthalpy

RH %

DBT

Mois

ture

Conte

nt

Constant Wet Bulb

Enthalpy

RH %

Indirect Evaporative Cooling ( IDEC) Two Stage

Two-stage evaporative air cooling ( DCM + ECM)

Warm Air Cool Air Cooler AirD

RI

C

oo

l

M

od

ul

e

Secondary Air Stream

Primary Air Stream

Exhaust

Psychometric Representation

Two-stage evaporative air cooling ( DCM + ECM)

DBT

Mois

ture

Conte

nt

12

Constant Wet Bulb

Enthalpy

RH %

3

Indirect Evaporative Cooling ( IDEC) Three Stage

Three-stage evaporative air cooling for RH Control Application

Warm Air

Primary Air

Stream

Cool Air Cooler Air

Secondary Air

Stream

Exhaust

Conditioned Air

DRI

Cool

Mod

ule

IDEC Vs DEC

1 - Outdoor Air Condition

1-2 Supply Air Condition at outlet of Direct Cooler

2-3 Room Temperature achieved with direct cooler

DBT

Mois

ture

Conte

nt

Constant Wet Bulb

Enthalpy

14

2

3

5 6

15 20 25 30 35 40 45

1-4 Firsts stage of Indirect Cooler

4-5 Second stage of Indirect Cooler

5-6 Room Temperature achieved with IDEC

City : Doha

Outdoor Air

Month DBT (°C) WB (°C)

Typical Design

46.00 30.00

Jan 28.20 17.40

Feb 32.10 17.80

March 35.8 18.2

April 40.5 19.9

May 42.3 21.9

June 43.7 22.1

July 44.9 23.4

Aug 45 23.3

Sept. 41.6 23

Oct. 38.5 22.6

Nov. 34.1 19.7

Dec. 30 18.8

Level-2 (Direct)

Supply Air

DBT (°C) WB (°C)

33.2 30

19.02 17.40

19.95 17.80

20.84 18.20

22.99 19.90

24.96 21.90

25.34 22.10

26.63 23.40

26.56 23.30

25.79 23.00

24.99 22.60

21.86 19.70

20.48 18.80

Level-3 (Indirect)

Supply Air

DBT (°C) WB (°C)

34.32 27.44

20.42 14.6

20.95 13.76

21.72 13.08

24.02 14.24

25.98 16.74

26.42 16.64

29.85 18.94

30.90 18.8

28.58 19.13

26.58 19

22.87 15.92

21.94 16.05

Level-3 (IDEC+DEC))

Supply Air

DBT (°C) WB (°C)

28.12 27.44

15.76 14.6

15.20 13.76

14.81 13.08

16.20 14.24

18.59 16.74

18.60 16.64

21.12 18.94

21.22 18.8

21.02 19.13

20.52 19

17.31 15.92

17.23 16.05

Temperature Analysis - Doha,Qatar

Typical Design

46 30 33.2 30 34.32 27.44 28.128 27.44

July 44.9 23.426.63 23.40 29.85

18.9421.12

18.94

August 45 23.3 26.56 23.30 30.90 18.8 21.22 18.8

Sports / Stadium Seating arena / Indoor stadiums / Training Areas.

Possible Application

Religious Places

Possible Application

Automobile Service Centers

Possible Application

Warehouses & Godowns

Possible Application

IDEC as an Energy Saving system to compliment the Conventional

Airconditioning Systems.

Treated Fresh Air Systems....(Once thru Systems)

(For commercial buildings having a conventional air conditioning system & involving

Treated fresh air AHU's.)

First Stage Indirect Cooling + Chilled Water or DX cooling coil for 100% Fresh Air

Applications.

• For DX application, the Unit can be offered to work with any commercially available

Condensing unit. Humid working air being discharged from IDEC can be allowed to

pass over DX Air cooled condenser coil thereby achieving reduction in discharge

temperature & power consumption.

IDEC can also be integrated into Conventional Air Conditioning Applications.

IDEC for Pre -Cooling of Fresh Air

(Conventional Air Conditioning)

Indirect Evaporative Cooling (DCM + Cooling Coil)

Warm Air

Primary Air Stream

Secondary Air Stream

Exhaust Water

Pre-Cool Air Conditioned Air

DRI

Cool

Mod

ule

(Indirect + ECM) vis-a-vis Conventional Air Conditioning.....

Low Capital CostPower SavingLow Running Cost

RH RegulationDoor & Window can be left open Good IAQ & 100 % Fresh Air

Advantages of IDEC

Advantage of IDEC as Pre-Cooler for Fresh Air

Summer Conditions /Air quantity - 17000 CMH

Location

Outdoor Air

Conditions

(**)

Desired

ConditionCooling

Coil

Load (tons)

Power

Consumption (kw)

Supply Air

Conditions

after IDECCooling

Coil

Load (tons)

Saving Cooling

Coil Load (tons)

Power

(kw)

Power

(kw)DBT °C/WBT

°CDBT °C/RH

%DBT °C/WBT

°C

Dubai 46/30 15/95 93.3 83.9733.2/27.17

71.87 19.84 64.68 19.29

Riyadh 46 /21.2 15/95 50.2 70.31 27.9/15.34 29.32 20.9 41.05 29.26

Kuwait 49/30 15/95 93 83.70 33.8/26.62 67.8 70 61.02 22.68

**- At Summer Design Conditions

IDEC offers many advantages for Cooling Applications.

It offers a very viable alternative to Cool Large Spaces in Middle East

Conditions without Mechanical Cooling.

Significantly lower resultant room temperature & Moisture addition as

compared to Single Stage Direct Coolers.

IDEC also can be applied to Conventional Air Conditioning Equipment

as pre-cooling device for fresh air cooling purpose wherever Energy

recovery from Exhaust Air is not possible.

Summary...

Indirect Direct Evaporative Cooling Systems

Indirect Direct Evaporative Cooling Systems

Indirect Direct Evaporative Cooling Systems

THANK YOU

ARUN DIWAKAR

MANAGER SALES

DESSICANT ROTOR INTERNATIONAL