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Delſt Seminars on Building Technology (AR1A075) 2013/14-Q1/2 Diagram: Organisaon of structure Neude High-Tech Jeroen ter Haar 4098641 STRUCTURAL DESIGN The old structure used walls in the façade to ensure stability in the building. The new design on the other hand, relies on the new structure added for the solar chimney and climate cas- cade on both ends of the building. These are two very large three-dimensional steel trusses, that were added to give the building a modern, high tech look. These trusses support the chimney and cascade, but also provide stability for the enre building. Therefore there façade can be opened up completely, which works towards our goal of a beer office environment because the view to the outside is not limited by walls and more daylight will enter the building. The walls that are in place now are therefore reduced to columns at the point were the exisng concrete beams connect. The central concrete core will stay as it is. In addion to the exisng concrete columns of the building, new columns are added to support the addional façade elements added in the new design. Every 6 meters, a rectangular steel column (150x150mm) is added on the concrete foundaon of the building. This is a 2 meter thick concrete plate (because foundaon piles were impossible for this locaon) and has therefore no problem with these new loads. The columns are secured to the exisng concrete structure with stainless steel anchors, to keep them in place. These columns follow the grid of the exisng columns, but add an extra one in the middle, to reduce the span of the new beams. Because this is only a thin steel column, this hardly reduces the visibility from the inside. In between these columns steel I-beams are added (IPE 200mm) to carry the new rotang blinds system as well as the FRP façade panels. Also steel U-profiles are added to secure the panels and the mullions of the rotang blinds system on the other end. This U-profile does not carry the weight of these elements. These beams are placed on steel plates, welded to the columns in the factory, and bolted to this plate to keep them in place. The rotang blinds system uses aluminum mullions every 3 meters to support the blinds. These mullions also house the mechanical system which rotates the blinds. The mullions are bolted on steel plates on the top and boom to the beams. CONSTRUCTION DESIGN For the façade I chose a system I am currently working on for another subject (Bucky Lab), which consist of a series of rotang blinds. In this course we mostly work on the mechanical controls of the system and for this course I wanted to implement this system into a building design to see how this would work. In addion to these rotang blinds I added a fixed sun shading strip around the building to house the venlaon system and to generate more surface area for PV cells to works towards our goal of an energy neutral building. The first step is making openings in the exisng concrete parapet, for the venlaon system. These openings are needed roughly every 3 meters, in every office/workspace. Next a wooden framework needed for the window framing later on, is screwed onto the concrete struc- ture. Also the stainless steel anchors for the new columns are drilled into the parapet. Aſter that the insulaon panels (150mm) are secured to the parapet and columns with stainless steel an- chors. Next the new structure is added in front of the exisng structure. First the steel columns are placed and anchored to the concrete structure. Next the beams (I and U – profiles) are sus- pended between the columns and bolted onto the steel plates. Aſter that the mullions are bolted onto the structure. When the structure is complete, the façade panels can be placed. These fiber reinforced polymer panels are slightly smaller on one side, to allow them to fall over each other. The first panel is bolted onto the steel structure, and the next panel slides over the previous one, secur- ing that side and hiding the bolts, and is then bolted on the other side. Meanwhile, the venlaon ducts are added as well. The insulated duct is ran through the FRP panels and connected to the vents in the parapet. The duct is aached to the beams. Aſter that the plasc window frame is mounted on the wooden frame. The frame consist of a 1 meter wide operable window (opens to the inside) and two meters of fixed windows. These operable windows allow users to really open up the facade to enjoy a beauful sunny day in spring or whenever the weather allows it. The glass panels are placed from the inside of the building, al- lowing them to be replaced without removing the blind system and without the need for a crane (the largest panel of 2 x 2,4 meter fits in the elevator). The last steps consist of pung the blinds in their mullions and pung the thin film solar cells onto the FRP panels. These solar cells are not fabricated as panels, but as a long thin (bend- able) strip and are to be mounted on an underlying structure. CLIMATE DESIGN The new climate design for the Neudeflat consist of two concepts, the Earth Wind & Fire concept by Ben Bronsema, and the rotang blinds system (a project I’m working on). The EWF system focuses on natural venlaon and air-condioning. The rotang blinds systems focusses on blocking the sun to prevent overheang, distribung sunlight through the floor and meanwhile maintaining visibility through the façade. You could say it regulates daylight and solar gain. The EWF system consists of three main elements: a climate cascade, solar chimney and Ventec roof. The climate cascade is basically a large shower, which transfers the temperature of the water, from the underground storage, to the incoming air. Cooling it in summer and pre-heat- ing it in winter. The solar chimney is a large solar collector, which uses the sun’s heat to warm the air inside up, creang an upwards airflow. This extracts the air from the building. The Ventec roof is a curved roof which uses the Venturi effect to accelerate the wind and create a low pressure zone in the center. The extracts the air from the building, together with the chimney. Because the chimney relies on the sun and the Ventec roof on the wind, the system will ensure natural venlaon at almost all mes. The cascade also creates some airflow, so this whole system provides a natural venlaon and air-condioning, which hardly uses any energy and doesn’t require any filters, unlike a regular HVAC system. Therefore the air is much cleaner and won’t contribute to the sick building syndrome. The air is spread through the building through ducts in the façade and adjustable openings in each office/workspace. The air is extracted through shaſts in the central core of the building. Because of this everyone in the building will have fresh air and can regulate the amount of air as well. The rotang blinds system consist of sets of two blinds, each covering ¼th of a circle. The blinds can assume every posion within this circle and can overlap as well. The inside of the blinds is a diffuse surface, used to disperse sunlight, and the outside is a reflecve surface, used to reflect light to the ceiling or to the outside. The aim of the system is to be an improvement of regular blinds. The system can assume posions to either block sunlight to prevent overheang, dis- tribute sunlight to reduce the need for arficial lighng or to prevent glare (most common in the winter when the sun is at a very low angle) while sll guiding the daylight in to reduces the need for arficial lighng. Apart from that, the system can also assume a ‘resng posion’ for when there’s no sun or when the façade is in the shade. Al these posions sll allow (some) visibility to the outside. The improvements over regular sun shading are that normally you would need arfi- cial lighng further away from the façade and also when the sun is blinding you and you close the blinds. Also, closing normal blinds reduces visibility to zero. Because these blinds are on the outside, it is also possible to keep all of the sun’s heat outside the building, whereas most blinding system (including double skin facades) heat up the building to some degree. The development is sll in progress, and it might be possible to adjust just the blinds on the top half, or maybe even to move all the blinds up and out of the facade. This would mean the facade would be completely open. PEER REVIEWS Peer Review by Marne Duyvis 4032969 First of all I would like to say that it is a very interesng project, because it contains an innovave self- designed system. I am wondering though what the rotang blinds look like when in resng posion. You menon before that one of the goals was a beer office environment, through a beer view to the outside and more daylight. You do prove your daylight point, but I do not see how the rotang blinds improve the view. It is true that you open up the façade by changing the structural elements, but do the blinds not block the view more then the structure did before? It would be nice to see this in a diagram as well. Technically the project seems to be very well thought through. I miss the argumentaon though for the choice of window frames etcetera. The focus lay obviously on the sunblinds and I think the pro- ject could be even beer when there would be also an argumentaon for the other façade elements. Did you choose for specific materials? Why? It would be interesng to incorporate that in the design and or text. __________________________________________________________________________ Peer Review By Menglan Li 4357647 The project is well thought through and explained. It is great to see an innovave self-developed façade system applied with the EWF concept to a larger building scale. Naturally a consequence of this is the lack of sufficient proof for the effecveness of this system which unfortunately cannot be proven through reference projects. It is unclear to me as to how the blinds are operated from within and annotaons of their dimen- sions would be helpful. Currently it is difficult to comprehend the dimension of these blinds and their ability to maintain the views considered important to Neudeflat. What materiality would the blinds take to be suitable to be placed outside, exposed to the natural elements all year around? Is there a second layer of inner shading system that would be used in conjuncon? Would it be possible to ap- ply solar gain methods onto the underside of the blinds so it maximises the energy producon of the building even further? The detailed focus on the new shading system is understandable but other factors contribung to a comfortable indoor climate may be lack informaon. Diagrams illustrang the overall impact of the façade system would be helpful in understanding its impact in the indoor environment concerning venlaon, airflow etc. REFLECTION It’s nice to hear people like my own design for a blinding system and think it’s innovave. The fact that it’s sll under development (in the end stages, but sll) may have caused some confusion. At this point it is indeed true that the blinds do obstruct the view at all mes. Compared to ‘regular’ blinds, it is much less when the façade is in the sun, but unlike ‘regular’ blinds, they can’t be liſted up when there’s no sun. With some further development, I believe it should be possible to design the system in a similar way, but at this point I can’t prove it. To clear things up, the blinds are operated from the inside. Every office has 2 buons, one to rotate one of the blinds (their posion related to each other) and one to rotate both of the blinds (the posion of the enre system towards the sun). The blinds have a radius of 200 mm, so every 400 mm is a set of 2 blinds. About the materializaon, the blinds themselves are made of aluminum (2 mm thick) with a coang on the inner side and a polished finish on the outer side. There is a lot more to the system in terms of structural connecons, mechanical systems inside etc. but for the sake of the readability of the drawings, I tried to keep it as simple as possible. It might indeed be true that the focus has been too much on the rotang blinds system and too lile on the EWF concept. Although it did have to design a way of fing the system into a build- ing, together with the EWF system and our energy-neutral goal, from the ground up, seeing as the system has never been applied before. I suppose if this would have been worked out before I could have spent more me on the EWF concept for example. CONCLUSIONS In the end I did enjoy designing a façade with the EWF concept, the rotang blinds sys- tems and the Energy-neutral goals in mind. I would have liked to spend more me on the EWF con- cept though, to really think of innovave ways of implemenng a solar chimney, climate cascade or ventec roof into a building. I spend most of my me implemenng the rotang blinds because this has never been done before. The system is based on the principles of several exisng systems like light shelves and exterior shadings, but it’s design is nothing like this. I’ve done some light studies to prove the system works, so I know the system will work decently but integrang it into a building proved already enough work to fill my me, leaving no me to really implement the EWF system in it. Originally it wasn’t in our concept to have a chimney or cascade in the façade, but there are a lot more possibilies I would have liked to explore. In the end I think the result is successful, but a design is never really finished. in film solar cells Aluminium Rotating blind system Insulated ventilation duct (Coming from the climate cascade) Steel IPE 200 mm beam Steel UPE support structure Aluminium mullion Steel 150 mm rectangular column Fiber reïnforced polymer facade panel Overlap for bolted connection Plastic operable window frame Windowsill Operable inlet vent (Supports FRP panels and rotating blind system) (fixes FRP panels and mullions in place) (Secondary structure for Rotating blinds system) (Primary facade structure) (Panels overlap, hiding bolts and securing each other) Basic concrete structure of the Neudeflat, consisting of concrete floors, a parapet and columns • Openings in concrete for ventilation inlets • Wooden framework screwd onto concrete for window frames • Stainless steel anchors for supporting the new structure • Insulation is mounted on the concrete with stainless steel anchors piercing the insulation. Parts are leſt out for the ventilation ducts. • Aluminium panel on concrete columns, screwd on wood • Steel columns (←→6m), anchored to the existing structure • Steel I-beams and U-profiles suspended between the columns, with added supports for the secondary structure • Aluminium mullions for the rotating blind system, mounted on the steel supports. ese contain the mechanical system to rotate the blinds. • FRP panels, bolted onto the steel beams. Mounted one by one, each one covering the previous. • e insulated ventilation shaſt is run through the panels and connected to the inlet vents. Supported by the steel structure. • e plastic window framing is mounted on the wooden frames, covering the edge of the FRP panels • e glass panels are put into the frames from the inside. • e blinds are suspended between the mullions • e thin film solar cells are attached to the FRP panels Steel supports & connections (Welded ontwo columns and bolted onto beams etc) Rotang blinds Sunlight distribuon Reflecng sunlight to the ceiling and thus providing daylight deeper in the room Selecve blinding Blocking out only the sun, while maintaining visibility to the uitside Glare-prevenon Prevenng blinding sun, while sll bringing in the daylight and maintaining visibility Exploded view of the facade Structural design Beams Columns Stability Exisng element New element Removed element Exisng element New element Exisng element New element Step by step construcon Climate design Diffuse, reflecve surface Mirror / polished metal Distribuon on building scale Distribuon on floor scale
