Deliverable D7.3 Standardisation activities – Final ReleaseD7.3 – Standardisation activities –...

D7.3 – Standardisation activities – final release

TERRANOVA Project Page 1 of 43

This project has received funding from Horizon 2020, European Union’s Framework

Programme for Research and Innovation, under grant agreement No. 761794

Deliverable D7.3 Standardisation activities – Final Release

Work Package 7 - Dissemination, standardisation and business modelling

TERRANOVA Project

Grant Agreement No. 761794

Call: H2020-ICT-2016-2

Topic: ICT-09-2017 - Networking research beyond 5G

Start date of the project: 1 July 2017

Duration of the project: 33 months

Ref. Ares(2020)2017640 - 11/04/2020



Disclaimer This document contains material, which is the copyright of certain TERRANOVA contractors, and may not

be reproduced or copied without permission. All TERRANOVA consortium partners have agreed to the full

publication of this document. The commercial use of any information contained in this document may

require a license from the proprietor of that information. The reproduction of this document or of parts

of it requires an agreement with the proprietor of that information. The document must be referenced if

used in a publication.

The TERRANOVA consortium consists of the following partners:

No. Name Short Name Country

1 (Coordinator)

University of Piraeus Research Center UPRC Greece

2 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft (FhG-HHI & FhG-IAF) FhG Germany

3 Intracom Telecom ICOM Greece

4 University of Oulu UOULU Finland

5 JCP-Connect JCP-C France

6 Altice Labs ALB Portugal

7 PICAdvanced PIC Portugal



Document Information

Project short name and number TERRANOVA (761794)

Work package WP7

Number D7.3

Title Standardisation activities – final release

Version V1.0

Responsible unit ALB

Involved units UPRC, FhG, ICOM, UOULU, JCP-C, ALB, PIC

Type1 R

Dissemination level2 PU

Contractual date of delivery 31.03.2020

Last update 9.04.2020

1 Types. R: Document, report (excluding the periodic and final reports); DEM: Demonstrator, pilot, prototype, plan designs; DEC: Websites, patents filing, press & media actions, videos, etc.; OTHER: Software, technical diagram, etc. 2 Dissemination levels. PU: Public, fully open, e.g. web; CO: Confidential, restricted under conditions set out in Model Grant Agreement; CI: Classified, information as referred to in Commission Decision 2001/844/EC.



Document History Version Date Status Authors, Reviewers Description

v0.1 20.03.2020 Draft José Machado (ALB) Structure definition and first Draft version

v0.2 27.03.2020 Draft José Machado (ALB) Updating chapter 4.3.1 to include ITU XG(S)-PON and 50G-PON technology standardisation updates.

v0.3 06.04.2020 Draft Colja Schubert (FHG) Updating chapter 4.1.1 and 4.4 to include updates of the WRC-19 as well as at final conclusions.

v0.4 08.04.2020 Draft José Machado (ALB) Edition and minor revisions

v1.0 09.04.2020 Final Angeliki Alexiou (UPRC) José Machado (ALB)

Final review and editorial revision



Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronym/Abbreviation Description

2G Second Generation

3G Third Generation

3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

5G Fifth Generation

AM Amplitude Modulation

AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding

AP Access Point

ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses

ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit

ATDE Adaptive Time Domain Equalizer

ATI Announcement Transmission Interval

ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions

AWG Arrayed Waveguide Gratings

AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise

AWV Antenna Weight Vector

BAM Body Area Network

BB BaseBand

BC Beam Combining

BER Bit Error Rate

BF BeamForming

BHI Beacon Header Interval

BI Beacon Interval

BOC BackOff Counter

BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying

BRP Beam Refinement Protocol

BS Base Station

BTI Beacon Transmission Interval



CA Consortium Agreement

CAP Contention Access Period

CAUI 100 gigabit Attachment Unit Interface

CapEx Capital Expenditure

CBAP Contention-Based Access Period

CC Central Cloud

CCH Control CHannel

CCSA China Communications Standards Association

CDR Clock and Data Recovery

CE Carrier Ethernet

CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications

Administrations

CFP C-Form Factor Pluggable

CMOS Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor

CoMP Coordination Multi-Point

COST European Cooperation in Science & Technology

COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf

CPG Conference Preparation Group

CPM Conference Preparation Meeting

CPR Carrier Phase Recovery

CPRI Common Public Radio Interface

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Code

CSI Channel State Information

CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance

CTA Channel Time Allocation

CTAP Channel Time Allocation Period

CTS Clear-To-Send

CTS-NI Clear-To-Send-Node-Information

CW Continuous Wave

D2D Device-to-Device

DAC Digital to Analog Converter



DC Direct Current

DCH Data CHannel

DDC Digital Down Conversion

DEMUX DE-MUltipleXer

DL DownLink

DMG Directional Multi-Gigabit

DMT Discrete Multi-Tone

DoA Direction of Arrival

DoF Degree of Freedom

DP Detection Probability

DP-IQ Dual Polarization In-phase and Quadrature

DPD Digital PreDistortion

DSB Dual-Side Band

DSP Digital Signal Processing

DTI Data Transfer Interval

DUC Digital Up Conversion

D-RAN Distributed Radio Access Network

D-RoF Distributed Radio over Fibre

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

EC European Commission

EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access

EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit

eCPRI Evolved Common Public Radio Interface

EEC Electronic Communications Committee

EESS Earth Exploration Satellite Services

EPON Ethernet Passive Optical Network

ERM Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters

ESE Extended Schedule Element

ETNO European Telecommunications Network Operators'

Association

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute



eWLB embedded Wafer Level Ball grid array

E/O Electrical-Optical

FAP False-Alarm Probability

FEC Forward Error Correction

FCS Frame Check Sequence

FD Full Duplex

FDD Frequency Division Duplexing

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

FIFO First In First Out

FM Frequency Modulation

FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array

FS Fixed Services

FSAN Full Service Access Network

FSO Free-Space Optics

FSPL Free Space Path Loss

FTTH Fiber To The Home

FWA Fixed Wireless Access

GA Grant Agreement

GaAs Gallium Arsenide

GbE Gigabit Ethernet

GSMA Groupe Speciale Mobile Association

HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor

HF High Frequency

HFT High Frequency Trading

HRCP High-Rate Close Proximity

HSP High Speed PON

HSPA High Speed Packet Access

HSPA+ evolved High Speed Packet Access

I/Q In-phase and Quadrature

I2C Inter-Integrated Circuit

IA Initial Access



ICF Intermediate Carrier Frequency

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IF Intermediate Frequency

IG Interest Group

IoT Internet of Things

IMT International Mobile Telecommunications

IM/DD Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection

IP Internet protocol layer

ISG Industry Specification Groups

ISI InterSymbol Interference

ISM Industrial Scientific and Medical band

ISO International Organization of Standardisation

ITU International Telecommunication Union

ITU-R Radiocommunication sector of the International

Telecommunication Union

IQ COMP. In-phase and Quadrature impairments COMPensator

IQD Indoor Quasi Directional

JTC Joint Technical Committee

KPI Key Performance Indicator

LDPC Low-Density Parity-Check

LO Local Oscillator

LoS Line of Sight

LMS Land Mobile Services

LTE Long Term Evolution

LTE-A Long Term Evolution Advanced

MAC Medium Access Control

MBC Mobile Broadcast Convergence

MCE MAC Coordination Entity

MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme

MEC Multi-access Edge Computing



MEF Metro Ethernet Forum

MID Multiple sector Identifier

MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

MMIC Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit

mWT Millimeter Wave Transmission

mmWave Millimeter Wave

MUE Mobile User Equipment

MUX MUltipleXer

MZI Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

NAV Network Allocation Vector

NETCONF NETwork CONFiguration

NFV Network Functions Virtualization

NG-PON2 Next-Generation Passive Optical Network 2

NI Node Information

nLoS Non-Line Of Sight

NR New Radio

NRZ Non-Return to Zero

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation

OIF Optical Internetworking Forum

OLT Optical Line Terminal

ONUs Optical Network Units

OOK On-Off Keying

OpEx Operating Expenses

P2MP Point-to-Multi-Point

P2P Point-to-Point

PA Power Amplifier

PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation

PBSS Personal Basic Service Set

PCB Printed Circuit Board

PHY PHYsical

PON Passive Optical Network



PSP Pulse Shaping Filter

PSF Primary Synchronization Signal

PtMP Point-to-Multi-Point

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QoE Quality of Experience

QoS Quality-of-Service

QSFP Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable

RA Random Access

RAN Radio Access Network

RAS Radio Astronomy Services

RAT Radio Access Technology

RAR Random Access Response

RAU Remote Antenna Unit

RF Radio Frequency

RLS Radiolocation Services

RoF Radio over Fiber

RRH Radio Remote Head

RRM Radio Resource Management

RS Reed Solomon

RSRP Reference Signal Received Power

RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator

RTS Request-To-Send

RTS-NI Request-To-Send-Node Information

RX Receiver

SC Small Cell

SDN Software Defined Networks

SD-FEC Soft-Decision Forward-Error Correction

SFF Small Form Factor

SFP Small Form-Factor Pluggable

SiGe Silicon-Germanium

SISO Single Input Single Output



SLS Sector Level Sweep

SM Spatial Multiplexing

SME Small and Medium-sized Enterprise

SMF Single Mode Fiber

SNR Signal to Noise Ratio

SOTA State Of The Art

SP Service Period

SPI Serial Parallel Interface

SRC Sample Rate Conversion

SRS Space Research Service

SSB Single-SideBand

SSW Sector SWeep

SSW-FBCK Sector SWeep FeedBaCK

STA Station

STM-1 Synchronous Transport Module, level 1

STS Symbol Timing Synchronization

TAB-MAC Terahertz Assisted Beamforming Medium Access Control

TAG Technical Advisory Group

TbE Terabit Ethernet

TC Technical Committee

TDD Time Division Duplexing

TDM Time Division Multiplexing

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

TERRANOVA Terabit/s Wireless Connectivity by Terahertz innovative technologies to deliver Optical Network Quality of Experience in Systems beyond 5G

THz Terahertz

TIA TransImpedance Amplifier

TSDSI Telecommunications Standards Development Society India

TTA Telecommunications Technology Association of Korea

TTC Telecommunication Technology Committee of Japan

TWDM Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexed



Tx Transmitter

TXOP Transmission Opportunity

UL Uplink

UE User Equipment

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service

VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator

VGA Variable Gain Amplifier

VLC Visible Light Communication

WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing

WiFi Wireless Fidelity

WiGig Wireless Gigabit alliance

WLBGA Wafer Level Ball Grid Array

WM Wireless Microwave

WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network

WRC World Radio Congress

WWRF Wireless World Research Forum

XG-PON 10 Gbit/s Passive Optical Network

XPIC Cross Polarization Interference Cancellation

YANG Yet Another Next Generation



Contents

1. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. 17

2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 18

3. TERRANOVA Standardisation Ecosystem ............................................................................................ 19

4. TERRANOVA Standardisation involvement ......................................................................................... 20

4.1 IEEE .............................................................................................................................................. 20

4.1.1 IEEE 802.15.3d-2017 ........................................................................................................... 21

4.1.2 IEEE 802.11ay ...................................................................................................................... 25

4.1.3 IEEE 802.1cm and CPRI ........................................................................................................ 26

4.2 ETSI .............................................................................................................................................. 27

4.2.1 3GPP .................................................................................................................................... 27

4.3 ITU-T ............................................................................................................................................ 27

4.3.1 ITU-T G.989 (NG-PON2), ITU-T G.987/G.9807 (XG(S)-PON) and G.hsp (High Speed PON) . 27

4.3.2 ITU-T SG15: Networks, Technologies and Infrastructures for Transport, Access and Home

28

4.3.3 FSAN .................................................................................................................................... 28

4.4 ITU-R ............................................................................................................................................ 28

4.4.1 Frequency Allocation between 200 and 1000 GHz before WRC-19 ................................... 28

4.4.2 World Radio Congress (WRC-19) ........................................................................................ 30

4.4.3 Regulation of the 275-450 GHz Spectrum (Agenda Item 1.15) .......................................... 32

4.5 European Telecommunications Network Operators' Association ETNO .................................... 33

4.6 Metro Ethernet Forum ................................................................................................................ 33

4.7 Broadband Forum ....................................................................................................................... 33

4.8 Wifi Alliance ................................................................................................................................ 34

4.9 CENELEC ...................................................................................................................................... 34

4.10 GSM Association ......................................................................................................................... 34

4.11 Other Forums and Work Groups ................................................................................................. 34

4.11.1 Telecom Infra Project (TIP) ................................................................................................. 34

4.11.2 FICORA (National spectrum regulator in Finland) ............................................................... 35

4.11.3 COST (European Cooperation in Science & Technology) .................................................... 35

4.11.4 Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) .......................................................................... 35



4.11.5 Germany National initiative on influencing network evolution and standardisation ........ 36

5. TERRANOVA Standardisation Activity DASHBOARD ........................................................................... 37

6. Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................... 39

7. References .......................................................................................................................................... 41



List of Figures

Figure 4.1: Frequency plan of 802.15.3d-2017 (Amendment 2). ............................................................... 22

Figure 4.2: Specification examples for coherent TERRANOVA candidate architectures. ........................... 22

Figure 4.3: Functional splits proposed in IEEE802.1CM, taken from [1-15]. .............................................. 26

Figure 4.4: Allocation of frequencies between 200 and 3000 GHz before WRC-19 [1-10]. ....................... 29

Figure 4.5: Involved groups in the WRC preparation process [1-13]. ......................................................... 30

Figure 4.6: Overview of the WRC preparation process [1-13]. ................................................................... 31

Figure 4.7: Structure of the CEPT Electronic Communications Committee, taken from [1-26]. ................ 31

Figure 4.8: Time schedule of the inter-regional workshops for consolidating the individual WRC-19

proposals to the CPM [1-13] ....................................................................................................................... 32



1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TERRANOVA consortium partners ensure that all relevant studies, results and outcomes from this project

were aligned with current and future related pre-standardisation and standardisation initiatives. The work

in progress within standards IEEE 802.15.3 (wireless personal area network) and IEEE 802.11ay (wireless

channel bonding and MIMO) were closely followed by the TERRANOVA consortium and stated as the

target for main contribution in terms of technical studies. Other optical domain technology standards such

as ITU-T G.989 (NG-PON2), ITU-T G.hsp (High Speed PON) and IEEE 802.3ca (100G-EPON) as well as the

industry initiative for the Common Public Radio Initiative (CPRI/eCPRI) are also pointed as partners

interest in what relates to the optical component of TERRANOVA communication system.



2. INTRODUCTION

The objective of this document is to describe all activities that were carried out by TERRANOVA partners

with respect to standardisation bodies. Chapter 3 refers to the TERRANOVA standardisation ecosystem

stating the actual context and landscape envisioned for the THz technology standardisation. In Chapter 4,

each one of the relevant standardisation bodies are briefly introduced and described while corresponding

TERRANOVA consortium partners’ activities are discussed. Finally, in Chapter 5, a TERRANOVA

standardisation dashboard is presented followed by conclusions in Chapter 6.



3. TERRANOVA STANDARDISATION ECOSYSTEM

In this Chapter we will summarize the current TERRANOVA relevant ecosystem, referring and pinpointing

the reference standards that are closely associated with the project technologies.

Partners’ activity at the standardisation level during the project were consistent with the considered

projected effort load and its corresponding goals and targets. The IEEE 802.15.3 THz Technical Advisory

Group (formerly Interest Group) was identified as one of the most influential interest groups in the area

of wireless THz communications. Therefore, we will specifically refer to the IEEE 802.15.3 Standard [1-1]

and its amendment 2, “100 Gb/s Wireless Switched Point-to-Point Physical Layer”, which was prepared

by the THz Working Group [1-3]. The focus of this amendment was specifically on a 100 Gb/s standard for

wireless multi-media networks using frequencies of the THz band, thus perfectly matching the

TERRANOVA motivations and objectives.

TERRANOVA also followed-up on ITU-R (International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication

Sector) and WRC-19 (World Radiocommunication Conference). For the WRC-19, first frequency

regulations for spectrum above 275 GHz were expected and there have been noticeable tendencies. For

example, first sharing studies reported in 2017 indicated a rising conflict between terrestrial radio

communication services - Land Mobile Services (LMS), Fixed Services (FS) - and science services - Radio

Astronomy Services (RAS) and Earth Exploration-Satellite Services (EESS). The study concluded that FS

links could interfere with EESS sensors, which for 24 dBi antennas would be critical for all angles relative

to the main beam, and up to an angle of 24° for 50 dBi antennas [1-11]. While FS are considered to be

easier to regulate, those results were seen to be very critical for LMS, and may lead to a fragmented

frequency spectrum regulation above 296 GHz.

The WRC-19 was taking place from 28th October to 22nd November 2019 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt.

Decisions on the regulations for spectrum above 275 GHz were taken, as it will be described in section 4.4

of this document. The final act of the WRC-19 may be found in [1-12].

In addition to the IEEE and ITU-R activities described above, the following chapters also take note on the

standardisation enrollments of the consortium, which relate to critical technologies expected to play a

key role in the realisation of the TERRANOVA vision, even if not directly focusing/addressing THz

technology aspects. It is worth noting that THz technologies/systems/communications constitute a new

research/technology area and, as such, the regulatory/standardisation framework is only starting to

develop.



4. TERRANOVA STANDARDISATION INVOLVEMENT

4.1 IEEE

IEEE has played a key role over the last decades in the evolution of telecommunications as a standardisation body with special interest/focus on wireline and wireless network technologies. IEEE is well-known for the IEEE 802 family of standards in networking, like Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), WiFi (IEEE 802.11) and WPAN (IEEE 802.15).

Of particular relevance for TERRANOVA are the standardisation activities in IEEE 802.15.3, which are described below. In 2008 IEEE 802.15 created the THz Interest Group (IG THz). The focus was primarily concerned with THz communications and related network applications operating in the THz frequency bands between 275 – 3,000 GHz. Such THz communication applications include component to component, board to board, machine to machine, human to machine and human to human, (indoor and outdoor) wireless communications. THz communication applications cover multiple categories with varying requirements. The IG THz focused on open spectrum issues, channel modelling and monitoring the development of technology. With the development of more mature transceiver technologies 802.15 made a step forward towards the development of the first wireless 300 GHz standard by establishing Task Group 3d in 2014, which completed its work in October 2017, when the amendment IEEE Std. 802.15.3d-2017 was published. This amendment is based on IEEE Std. 802.15.3c and defines a wireless switched point-to-point physical layer to IEEE Std. 802.15.3-2016 operating at PHY data rates typically in the range of up to of 100 Gbit/s. Operation is considered in bands 252-321 GHz at ranges as short as a few centimetres and up to several hundred meters. The development of IEEE Std. 802.15.3d-2017 was in parallel to IEEE Std. 802.15.3e-2017, which developed an amendment for 60 GHz high-rate close-proximity (HRCP) communications. Large parts of the MAC layer as well as the defined modulation and coding schemes are identical in both amendments.

Prospective opportunities to develop further amendments in the THz frequency range are evaluated in the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) THz, which replaced the IG THz in 2018.

In addition, the standard evolution from Gigabit (GbE) to Terabit Ethernet (TbE), developed by the IEEE P802.3bs Task Force [1-22] can be of interest. Considering the standards beyond 100 Gb/s, with focus on 200 Gb/s and 400 Gb/ and their interfaces, may be relevant in the context of a wireless (synchronous) Ethernet extension. For Beyond 5G fronthaul / backhaul applications, the IEEE standards for PON (Passive Optical Networks) may also be included at a later stage, for example the work of the IEEE 802.3ca 100G-EPON Task Force [1-22]. Although the CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) standard started as an industry initiative, recently members of IEEE 802.1 and CPRI have collaborated within IEEE802.1CM (“Time Sensitive Networking for Fronthaul”) to define “packetized” synchronous standard fronthaul architectures (based on eCPRI and CPRI). This activity is also shared with the ITU-T Study Group 15 in the context of Future Networks (IMT-2020/5G) within joint workshops, see for example [1-17], [1-18]. More details of CPRI and IEEE802.1CM can be found at the sub-chapters below.

TERRANOVA partner Fraunhofer Gesellschaft (FhG-HHI & FhG-IAF) has been actively involved in the IEEE

802.15 Working Group as well as on IEEE 802.1CM and CPRI standardisation evolution.

TERRANOVA partner University of Oulu has been actively involved in the IEEE 802.15 Working Group on

wireless personal area networks and in the IEEE 802.24 Vertical Applications Technical Activity Group.



4.1.1 IEEE 802.15.3d-2017

On March 15, 2018, the IEEE SA Standards Board approved the first edition of the IEEE 802.15.3

standard that was also adopted by the ISO/IEC JTC 1 (International Organization for Standardisation /

International Electrotechnical Commission, Joint Technical Committee) and approved by the ISO/IEC

national bodies [1-1]. The detailed development history and the relevant standard documents can be

found in [1-5]. The IEEE 802.15.3 has in total three amendments [1-2][1-3][1-4]. The previous

standards are superseded by these new documents. Especially the former amendment 2, IEEE Std

802.15.3c-2009, on “Millimeter-wave based alternative physical layer extension” is now part of the

IEEE 802.15.3 standard document. This former amendment includes important aspects on

beamforming and the physical layer for single carrier mmWave 60 GHz radios.

Table 4.1: IEEE 802.15.3 Document Overview, Status 2018

Baseline Standard Title

ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-15-3:2017(E) IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media Networks

Amendments Title

802.15.3e-2017 Amendment 1: High-Rate Close Proximity Point-to-Point Communications

802.15.3d-2017 Amendment 2: 100 Gb/s Wireless Switched Point-to-Point Physical Layer

802.15.3f-2017 Amendment 3: Extending the Physical Layer (PHY) Specification for Millimeter Wave to Operate from 57.0 GHz to 71 GHz

A summary of the key aspects of 802.15.3d-2017 (Amendment 2) can be found in [1-25]. Amendment

2 considers non-coherent OOK and coherent x-QAM modulation schemes, with x up to 64. Two PHY

modes are defined that enable data rates of up to 100 Gb/s using eight different bandwidths between

2.16 GHz and 69.12 GHz. The first one is covered by what is called THz-OOK-PHY, the second one by

what is called THz-SC-PHY in the standards document. In addition, three different FEC coding schemes

are considered: 14/15-rate LDPC (Low-Density-Parity-Check-Codes), 11/14-rate LDPC and 11/14-rate

RS (Reed-Solomon). All codes are specified in more detail in Chapter 11.2.2.6 of the main standard

document 802.15.3 [1-1]. The main standard also introduces a PHY frame, which includes a MCS

(modulation and coding scheme) identifier in the header that carries information on channel

allocation, modulation and coding. The current frequency plan is depicted in Figure 4.1. Although it

considers a broad variation of channel allocation possibilities, it was anticipated that this will be very

likely in conflict with ITU-R regulations above 296 GHz. These conflicts could be resolved with

modifications to the amendment at a later point in time.

https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/802.15.3d-2017.html



Figure 4.1: Frequency plan of 802.15.3d-2017 (Amendment 2).

Some of the proposed specifications for the implementation of the coherent TERRANOVA candidate

architectures are summarized in Figure 4.2. The deviations due to the LDPC / RS channel coding

overhead can be neglected to a first order. Considering the trends and directions discussed at WRC-

19, it was concluded that two 17.28 GHz channels may be available for future use (Ch62 and 63),

which would allow to reach full-duplex 200 Gb/s conforming with regulations (or a total of 400 Gb/s

aggregating up and downlink rates). The 400 Gb/s scenario will require time division duplexing in

order to conform with the standard.

Figure 4.2: Specification examples for coherent TERRANOVA candidate architectures.

After the publication of the standard, the work on standardisation for the THz frequency range is

continued in the THz technical advisory group (former interest group) within the IEEE 802.15 Working



Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs). TERRANOVA partners have participated in

several meetings of the group.

Meeting of the interest group during the IEEE 802 wireless interims meeting on 7-8th May 2018 in

Warzaw, Poland:

Within the meeting the following contributions were made, including a presentation of TERRANOVA

and other projects from the H2020 ICT-09-2017 cluster:

Contribution # 1: Thomas Kürner, “Interference Study for THz Intra-Device Communication Systems

” (15-18 -0175)

Contribution # 2: Iwao Hosako, “Penetration Loss Measurement at 300 GHz for Building Entry Loss

Estimation” (15-18-0230)

Contribution # 3: Andre Bourdoux, “Semiconductor Technologies for THz Communications” (15-18-

0191)

Contribution # 4: Thomas Kürner, “Two-Step Angle-of-Arrival Estimation for Terahertz

Communications,” (15-18-0176r1)

Contribution # 5: Thomas Kürner, “Introduction to the H2020 ICT-09-2017 Cluster,” (15-18-0177)

Contribution # 6: Onur Sahin, “EPIC Project: Next Generation FEC for Tb/s and THz Systems,” (15-

18-0206)

Contribution # 7: Onur Sahin, “A Preliminary 7nm implementation and communication

performance study of SoA FEC classes for Tbps throughputs,” (15-18-0207)

Contribution # 8: Colja Schubert, “TERRANOVA: Terahertz Wireless Access Technologies – System

and Hardware Architecture Options,” (15-18-0192)

Contribution # 9: Thomas Kürner, “Information on Regulatory Activities for THz Communications,”

(15-18-0178)

Up to 27 participants followed the contributions, with more than 50% coming from industry. During the meeting it was discussed that the outcome of WRC 2019 on the spectrum availability may trigger an amendment of the standard IEEE 802.15.3-2017, where other add-ons may be considered as well. For the November meeting, a tutorial on THz technologies was planned in order to create more public awareness for the topic within the IEEE 802 community.

Meeting of the technical advisory group during the IEEE 802 Plenary meeting on 12th November 2018 in Bangkok, Thailand:

Within the meeting the following contributions were made. The tutorial, which included material from TERRANOVA and other projects from the H2020 ICT-09-2017 cluster, was presented by Prof. Kürner on the 12th November 2018:

Contribution #1 (Rehearsal for the tutorial in Monday evening) Thomas Kürner, Akifumi

Kasamatsu, Onur Sahin, and Carlos Castro, “Tutorial: THz Communications - An Overview and

Options for IEEE 802 Standardization” (15-18 -0516r2)



Contribution #2 Thomas Kürner, Tetsuya Kawanishi “Introduction to the Horizon 2020 EU-Japan

Project ThoR” (15-18 -0518r2)

Contribution #3 Tetsuya Kawanishi “Impact of wind on link performance in fixed wireless services”

(15-18 -0565)

Contribution #4 Thomas Kürner, “300 GHz Channel Measurements in a Real Data Center - First

Results” (15-18 -0519)

Up to 15 participants followed the contributions.

Meeting of the technical advisory group during the IEEE 802 Plenary meeting on 11-12th March 2019 in Vancouver, Canada:

Within the meeting the following contributions were made.

Contribution #1 Thomas Kürner (TU Braunschweig), “H2020-ThoR: Initial Results on Sharing

Studies (19/0095)” (15-19-0095)

Contribution #2 Ali Al Qaraghuli (Universiyt at Buffalo), “Experimental Demonstration of Ultra-

broadband Wireless Communications at True Terahertz Frequencies” (15-19-0108)

Contribution #3 Thomas Kürner (TU Braunschweig), “H2020-ThoR: Initial Results on Sharing

Studies (19/0095)” (15-19-0095)

Contribution #4 Robert Müller (TU Ilmenau), “Fast-Spot: From Channel Sounding to the System

Implementation and Demonstration at 200 GHz” (15-19 -0113)


Meeting of the technical advisory group during the IEEE 802 Plenary meeting on 15-16th July 2019 in Vienna, Austria:

Within the meeting the following contributions were made, including a presentation of TERRANOVA:

Contribution #1 Dan Mittleman (Brown University) “Terahertz wireless communications: A

photonics perspective” (19/0256)

Contribution #2 Tuncer Baykas (Vestel), “Review of report ITU-R SM.2450” (19/285r1), “Works

towards the Revision of ITU-R SM.2352-0Report” (19/0275r1)

Contribution #3 Thomas Kürner (TU Braunschweig), “IEEE 802.15 TAG THz Input to the Revision of

ITU-R SM.2352” (19/0276)

Contribution #4 Alenka Zajic (Georgia Tech “Measurements and Modeling of THz Chip-to-Chip

Channels in Metal Enclosures” (19/0257)

Contribution #5 Tae-In Jeon (Korea Maritime and Ocean University), “Propagation of THz ps pulses

through the atmosphere” (19/0277)

Contribution #6 Iwao Hosako (NICT), “Prospect of next ten years R&D on THz communication”

(19/0307r1)



Contribution #7 Carlos Castro (Fraunhofer HHI), “100 Gb/s Real-Time THz Wireless Link

Demonstration” (19/0293)

Contribution #8 Bo kum Jung (TU Braunschweig), “Simulation and Automatic Planning of 300 GHz

Backhaul Links - First Results from H2020-ThoR” (19/0278)

Contribution #9 Johannes Eckhardt (TU Braunschweig), “Low THz Band Propagation

Measurements for Beyond 5G Vehicular Communications” (19/0279)

Contribution #10 Thomas Kürner (TU Braunschweig), “Channel Characterization for Intra-Wagon

Communication at 60 and 300 GHz Bands” (19/0308)

Contribution #11 Onur Sahin (InterDigital), “Comparison of 5G NR LDPC and Polar Codes for above

100 Gbps throughputs” (19/0306)


The next upcoming meetings of the THz technical advisory group are:

- May 2020 @ IEEE 802 Wireless Interim, Warsaw, Poland -> cancelled due to the Covid-19 crisis

- November 2020 @ IEEE 802 Plenary, Bangkok, Thailand

4.1.2 IEEE 802.11ay

IEEE 802.11ay is a proposed enhancement to the current technical standards for wireless networks.

It is the follow-up of 802.11ad adding four times the bandwidth and adding MIMO with up to 4

streams. It will have a frequency of 60 GHz, a transmission rate of 20–40 Gbit/s and an extended

transmission distance of 300–500 meters. It has also been noted that it is likely to have mechanisms

for channel bonding and MU-MIMO embedded technologies. It was originally expected to be

released in 2017 but has been delayed until 2019. 802.11ay is not a new type of WLAN in the IEEE

802.11 set, but will simply be an improvement on 802.11ad. Where 802.11ad uses a maximum of

2.16 GHz bandwidth, 802.11ay bonds four of those channels together for a maximum bandwidth of

8.64 GHz. MIMO is also added with a maximum of 4 streams. The link-rate per stream is 44Gbit/s,

with four streams that go up to 176Gbit/s.

Regarding MAC, similarly to IEEE 802.11ad, IEEE 802.11ay organises the access to the medium in

beacon intervals (BIs). The BI consists of two access periods, namely the beacon header interval (BHI)

and the data transmission interval (DTI). The BHI is responsible for beam training of the unassociated

devices as well as network announcements, through a sweep of multiple directionally transmitted

frames. On the other hand, DTI facilitates different types of medium access for data transmission and

beamforming training. In the DTI, the data frames can be exchanged either in contention-based access

periods (CBAPs) or scheduled access. In other words, IEEE 802.11ay supports the utilization of

directional links and both random and scheduled access. Finally, in order to facilitate the coexistence

of both directional multi-gigabit (DMG) devices and enhanced DMG (EDMG), its MAC supports

contagious and non-contagious channel aggregation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.11ad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_bonding

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MU-MIMO

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.11ad



4.1.3 IEEE 802.1cm and CPRI

There are numerous research articles on concepts of future RAN (Radio Access Networks) using

distributed (D-RAN) or more recently centralized (C-RAN) concepts. Likely most concepts use some

form of the CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) protocol today. Some of the key technical issues

are deterministic latency and bandwidth [1-26],[1-27]. Deterministic latency is required for

minimizing interference in cellular networks, and the increasing bandwidth requirements are driven

by the increasing data rates for implementing massive MIMO concepts [1-26].

Recently, members of IEEE 802.1 and the CPRI industry consortium started to collaborate within the

IEEE802.1CM work group on “time sensitive networking for fronthaul” to define standard fronthaul

architectures[1-17],[1-18]. The concepts are based on two possible functional splits of the protocol

layer stack, CPRI and eCPRI, as depicted in Figure 4.3.

Figure 4.3: Functional splits proposed in IEEE802.1CM, taken from [1-17].

The work within IEEE802.1CM is also shared with the ITU-T Study Group 15 in the context of Future

Networks (IMT-2020/5G) by joint workshops, see for example [1-17] [1-18], where more detailed

information can be found.

eCPRI Version 1.1 was released in January 2018 with a focus on addressing the technical challenges

raised by 5G. CPRI 7.0 was released in Oct 2017 focusing on LTE-A [1-19]. Line rates up to 24330.24

Mbit/s using 64B/66B line coding (48 x 491.52 x 66/64 Mbit/s) are defined by CPRI 7.0. Since CPRI

transmits sampled RF data (IQ samples), it is also referred to as digital radio-over-fiber (D-ROF).

Depending on sampling rates this leads to a multiplication of the required line rates by the sampling

frequency. In addition to the IQ payload control and synchronization must be transmitted. For

example, for an LTE bandwidth of 20 MHz, a sampling rate of 30.72 MHz, 2x15 bit per IQ sample, the

resulting required payload data rate is 921.6 Mbit/s per antenna. Adding control and management

information and line coding in this example would result in 1228.8 Mbit/s per antenna requirements

[1-26]. It is clear that, for wider bandwidths and massive MIMO applications, the required data rates

soon will approach data rates beyond current CPRI standards. With the new functional split of eCPRI

inside the PHY, the required data rates can be reduced by a factor of 10, which makes use of the



possibility to employ statistical multiplexing at the RRH (remote radio head) with this split depending

on the cell load and required spectrum [1-19][1-21].

4.2 ETSI

The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is an independent, not-for-profit, standardisation organization in the telecommunications industry (equipment makers and network operators) in Europe. The work in ETSI is organised by technical committees (TC), working and industry specification groups (ISG). TERRANOVA has identified 3 ISG’s of interest for standardisation activities, namely:

• The Millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT)

• The Mobile and Broadcast Convergence (MBC)

• The Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM)

TERRANOVA partner University of Oulu is an active contributor as well as a Work Item leader in ETSI TC

SmartBAN work, aiming to develop low-power and robust standards for a dedicated body area network

(BAN) radio technology. Its main contributions are for physical and medium access control layers (PHY and

MAC, respectively). In addition, University of Oulu has contributed to coexistence and radio environment

modelling in SmartBAN use-case context.

4.2.1 3GPP

3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) is an ETSI partnership group and a collaboration between

seven standards organizations worldwide (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC) that develops

specifications for advanced mobile communications technologies. 3GPP has developed the UMTS, LTE

and LTE-Advanced technologies. Work within 3GPP is rapidly progressing on the development of 5G

systems, while at the same time it is highly influenced by ETSI’s work on Multi-access Edge Computing

(MEC), Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) and Millimetre Wave Technology (mWT).

4.3 ITU-T

ITU-T coordinates the standardisation on all fields of telecommunications, such as the series on optical transport networks, passive optical networks, and digital subscriber line.

4.3.1 ITU-T G.989 (NG-PON2), ITU-T G.987/G.9807 (XG(S)-PON) and G.hsp (High Speed PON)

TERRANOVA partner Altice Labs is an active member of ITU and directly collaborating on pre-standard

and standard definition. The ITU-T G.989 (NG-PON2) is a closed standard stating a 4x10Gbps (40Gbps)

optical channel communication through a single fiber. The ITU-T G.987/G.9807 (XG(S)-PON) states a

10Gbps symmetrical optical channel while ITU-T G.hsp (High Speed PON), which will be closed later in

2020, envisions the transmission over a single optical fiber of 50Gbps (50G TDM-PON) also having

alternative options for 50G TWDM-PON and PtP WDM-PON. All referred ITU standards may act as a

complement to the TERRANOVA THz system for a backhaul/fronthaul network perspective.



4.3.2 ITU-T SG15: Networks, Technologies and Infrastructures for Transport, Access and

Home

TERRANOVA partner Altice Labs is an active member in this study group aspiring to keep up to date

on the related technological evolution. Altice Labs assess market trends and competition as well as

participate in the polls for ratifying specific drafts.

4.3.3 FSAN

The Full Service Access Network (FSAN) Group is a forum for the world’s leading telecommunications

service providers, independent test labs, and equipment suppliers to work towards a common goal of

truly broadband fiber access networks.

TERRANOVA partner Altice Labs is an active member and contributes on standard definition of new

PON technologies, namely, NG-PON2, XG(S)-PON, G.hsp and forthcoming technologies. These

technologies may be part of the final TERRANOVA communication system that is expected to combine

THz wireless and optical communication domains.

TERRANOVA partner PICadvanced is currently in the process of joining FSAN. PICadvanced will collaborate on the developments of PON technologies where there is also focus of PtP PON, an option of the optical transport to deliver the signals to the various TERRANOVA use cases.

4.4 ITU-R

The current activities of the IEEE 802.15.3 THz technical advisory group have been most relevant to the

WRC-19 (World Radiocommunication Conference) that was held from October 28 to November 22, 2019,

and had influenced modifications of the radio regulations. The preparation process for WRC-19 and the

current status of the regulation in the lower THz band after WRC-19 are summarized in the following sub-

chapter.

TERRANOVA partner UPRC is heavily involved in the ITU-R WP5D works towards defining the vision,

requirements and underlying technologies for the network of 2020 and beyond (IMT-2020). Besides

participation as invited speaker in 5G and beyond workshops organized by ITU-R WP5D since 2014, UPRC

is currently driving the works of the WWRF IMT2020 Independent Evaluation Group (registered with the

ITU-R), delivering an independent performance assessment of wireless systems (5G and beyond) usage

scenarios, systems concepts and advanced technologies. (The work of IMT 2020 Independent Evaluation

Groups spans the time frame of 2018-2020 and is currently -at the time of writing this report- completing

STEP 4, when evaluation reports by each Independent Evaluation Groups have been submitted and taken

into consideration for the final assessment of Radio Technology candidates.)

TERRANOVA partner FhG-HHI & FhG-IAF is actively involved on ITU-R at several levels.

4.4.1 Frequency Allocation between 200 and 1000 GHz before WRC-19

The following table in Figure 4.4 gives an overview of the frequency allocation in the frequency range

between 200 GHz and 1000 GHz, which is relevant for TERRANOVA, prior to the World Radio

Congress 2019.



Figure 4.4: Allocation of frequencies between 200 and 3000 GHz before WRC-19 [1-10].

It can be seen from the previous table that the frequency bands above 200 GHz allocated for fixed

and mobile services on a primary basis (capital letters), marked in red boxes, are rather scattered,

ranging from 209 – 226 GHz, 231.5 – 235 GHz, 238 – 241 GHz and 252 – 275 GHz. The frequency

region above 275 GHz was not allocated. However, it was stated in [1-10] that, some frequency bands

in the range 275 - 1000 GHz are identified for use by passive service applications, namely radio

astronomy services and earth exploration-satellite service (passive) and space research service

(passive). But the use of the range 275 - 1000 GHz by the passive services does not preclude use of

this range by active services. Administrations wishing to make frequencies in the 275 - 1000 GHz

range available for active service applications are urged to take all practicable steps to protect these



passive services from harmful interference. All frequencies in the range 1 000 - 3000 GHz may be

used by both active and passive services.

4.4.2 World Radio Congress (WRC-19)

The overall WRC preparation process is summarized in Figure 4.4 and Figure 4.5, with its involved parties. The output of each WRC cycle is the Final Acts document [1-6][1-12] that revises the radio regulations, raises questions for study within study groups and prepares the agenda for future Radiocommunication Conferences. Some basic information on the overall procedure can be found in [1-14] and [1-15].

Figure 4.5: Involved groups in the WRC preparation process [1-15].



Figure 4.6: Overview of the WRC preparation process [1-15].

Figure 4.7: Structure of the CEPT Electronic Communications Committee, taken from [1-28].

The regional preparation for the WRC-19 started in Europe in April 2016, organized and lead by the

European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT), respectively its

Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) [1-9]. The CEPT and other regional groups and individual

member states world-wide may submit proposals to the CPM (Conference Preparation Meeting)

Management Team, for consideration in the draft reports of the CPM Management Team prior to the



WRC-19. Within CEPT ECC, the Conference Preparation Group (CPG) is responsible for preparing

proposals and coordinating with other regional groups (see Figure 4.7 for the CEPT organizational

structure).

Figure 4.8: Time schedule of the inter-regional workshops for consolidating the individual WRC-19 proposals to the CPM [1-15]

The regional groups coordinated in November 2017 the 1st ITU Inter-Regional Workshop on WRC-19 Preparation [1-16][1-11]. Two further workshops followed, which resulted in a consolidated regional view for consideration in the CPM draft report, prior to the CPM-2 meeting, according to the time schedule of Figure 4.8

4.4.3 Regulation of the 275-450 GHz Spectrum (Agenda Item 1.15)

The previous WRC-15 (held from Nov 2 – 27, 2015 in Geneva) resulted in Resolution 767 on “Studies

towards an identification for use by administrations for land-mobile and fixed services applications

operating in the frequency range 275-450 GHz” [1-6][1-7]. It was noted in this resolution, among other

items, that “international organizations are developing standards for the suitable frequency ranges

for ultra-high-speed (100 Gbit/s) data communication systems for Wireless Personal Area Network

(WPAN)”, and “that several ultra-high-speed data communication systems are identified by other

international standards bodies”, [1-7]. The agenda for the WRC-19 was decided in Resolution

COM6/16 of the WRC-15 [1-6], and agenda item (AI) 1.15 addresses the aspects of Resolution 767.

The preparation of the AI 1.15 for the WRC-19 is coordinated by the Working Party 1A (WP1A), which

is focused on spectrum engineering techniques in general, and part of the Study Group 1 (SG1) on

spectrum management [1-8]. Latest details on the status of the AI 1.15 preparation by the WP1A could

be found in [1-16].

The regional drafts indicated that there are objections with regards to sharing frequencies between

terrestrial FS/LMS and scientific RAS/EESS services by some regional groups [1-11][1-13]. Studies

indicated that there are conflicts, which may not be resolved and will result in fragmented frequency

spectrum at least above 296 GHz, which would not have been suitable for high speed wireless

communication services [1-25]. There was also the view of the WP5C (ITU-R working party on fixed

wireless systems, HF systems in the fixed and land mobile services) that the spectrum needs for



fronthaul / backhaul will not exceed 25 GHz and long-term not more than 50 GHz. The “segmentation

in non-consecutive allocation blocks” was seen as a possible consequence of this view and the

conflicts with RAS/EES. CEPT also raised the idea to consider spectrum below 275 GHz, which would

be supported by the channel assignment plan of the already existing amendment IEEE 802.15.3d.

In article 5.564A of the final acts of the WRC-19 [1-12] it was finally decided that:

“For the operation of fixed and land mobile service applications in frequency bands in the range 275-

450 GHz: The frequency bands 275-296 GHz, 306-313 GHz, 318-333 GHz and 356-450 GHz are

identified for use by administrations for the implementation of land mobile and fixed service

applications, where no specific conditions are necessary to protect Earth exploration-satellite service

(passive) applications.

The frequency bands 296-306 GHz, 313-318 GHz and 333-356 GHz may only be used by fixed and land mobile service applications when specific conditions to ensure the protection of Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) applications are determined in accordance with Resolution 731 (Rev.WRC-19).”

4.5 European Telecommunications Network Operators' Association ETNO

ETNO is a principal policy group for European electronic communications network operators. It has about 50 members and observers in 35 countries across Europe. One of ETNOs goal is to drive the development of broadband in Europe. ETNO is organised in working groups (WG) and task forces.

The ETNO Research and Innovation (RESI) Working Group (WG) aims to ensure that the maximum benefit (business and regulatory impact, driving standardisation, aligning and leveraging research effort) is gained for ETNO from participation in the various European funded research programmes and related collaborative activities.

No activity is currently reported by the TERRANOVA consortium at ETNO.

4.6 Metro Ethernet Forum

The Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) is an international industry consortium promoting Carrier Ethernet technology.

TERRANOVA partner Altice Labs is an active MEF member and collects technical information within the context of MEF. It is also used to certify Altice Labs’s products (Altice Labs was one of the first CE 2.0 certified company), to foresee technical evolution, and market trends. It is used to keep up-to-date on the technological evolution and to assess the competition and the market and participate in the polls for ratifying specific drafts.

4.7 Broadband Forum

The Broadband forum is an industry association for the development of multi-service broadband packet networking specifications addressing interoperability, architecture and management.



TERRANOVA partner Altice Labs is an active member in the Broadband Forum and participates in the topics related to IoTs, plug fests and Software Defined Network (SDN) management for XG(S)-PON and G.fast.

TERRANOVA partner PICadvanced is involved in Broadband Forum, by actively engaging in the dissemination activities of NG-PON2 and also contributing in the test plans for the same technology.

4.8 Wifi Alliance

The Wifi Alliance is a non-profit organization that promotes Wi-Fi technology and certifies Wi-Fi products if they conform to certain standards of interoperability.

TERRANOVA partner Altice Labs is a Wifi Alliance member and collects technical information as well as submit product certification to Wi-Fi Alliance.

4.9 CENELEC

The European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (CENELEC) addresses standardisation issues related to smart grids, smart metering and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).

No activity is currently reported by the TERRANOVA consortium at CENELEC.

4.10 GSM Association

The GSM Association (GSMA) represents the interests of mobile operators worldwide, uniting nearly 800 operators with more than 300 companies in the broader mobile ecosystem, including handset and device makers, software companies, equipment providers and internet companies, as well as organisations in adjacent industry sectors in order to support the standardisation of the mobile telephone system (GSM).

No activity was reported by the TERRANOVA consortium at GSMA.

4.11 Other Forums and Work Groups

4.11.1 Telecom Infra Project (TIP)

The Telecom Infra Project (TIP) is a collaborative telecom community launched in 2016 with the purpose of accelerating the pace of innovation in the telecom industry. Among other project groups related to access and backhaul networks, the mmWave Networks group is pursuing 60 GHz wireless networking solutions in order to meet the growing demand for bandwidth in nowadays over-populated cities. When compared to fiber deployment, the capacity of the network will result in an easier and more cost-effective solution. Deutsche Telekom, Facebook and other key players are active members of this group that intents to validate the performance and capabilities of 60 GHz network for metro applications.

TERRANOVA partner PICadvanced has become a member of this group and is further engaged in the validation team to develop a suite of test and simulation tools.



4.11.2 FICORA (National spectrum regulator in Finland)

TERRANOVA partner University of Oulu participates actively in 5G spectrum regulatory discussion at a national level in Finland and follows the work in European (CEPT) and international levels (ITU-R).

4.11.3 COST (European Cooperation in Science & Technology)

COST is an Intergovernmental Framework for European Cooperation in Science and Technology and

aims to enable breakthrough scientific developments leading to new concepts and products. It

thereby contributes to strengthening Europe’s research and innovation capacities.

TERRANOVA partner Fraunhofer Gesellschaft (FhG-HHI & FhG-IAF) is part of the Technical Committee 5.2.5 Access and Home Networks.

COST IRACON: Inclusive Radio Communication Networks for 5G and beyond (CA15104) is a European Union COST action which aims at scientific breakthroughs by introducing novel design and analysis methods for the 5th-generation (5G) and beyond-5G radio communication networks. TERRANOVA partner University of Oulu is an active member in the IRACON COST Action and participates in the topic related to network layer aspects that will characterise the merger of the cellular paradigm and the IoT architectures, in the context of the evolution towards 5G-and-beyond.

COST SHELD-ON: TERRANOVA partner University of Oulu is an active member in the SHELD-ON COST Action and participates in the topic ICT developments aiming to design, develop and test smart support furniture and habitat environments according to user’s needs. These ICT developments are further validated by these users (elderly and caretakers) for an active ageing.

COST RECODIS: The RECODIS, Resilient communication services protecting end-user applications from disaster-based failures (CA15127), is a European Union COST action seeking respective solutions to provide resilient communications in the presence of disaster-based disruptions of all types for existing communication networks.

TERRANOVA partner University of Oulu is an active member in the RECODIS COST Action and participates in the topic of studying the impact of malicious human activities and weather disruptions, with the aim to provide the appropriate means to protect the networks against the identified impacts.

4.11.4 Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF)

The Wireless World Research Forum, (http://www.wwrf.ch/) is an influential forum and a place to

promote new ideas for advanced technologies and novel system concept that define wireless

evolution. WWRF organizes two meetings a year, and produces “Outlooks” (white papers), both

channels for disseminating innovative vision.

TERRANOVA partner UPRC has been an active member of the forum for over a decade: Professor

Alexiou from UPRC is chair of Working Group D on Radio Communication Technologies and of the Task

Group on High Frequencies Radio Communications, which has been established in 2016 and aims at

studying and building consensus around enabling technologies for the mmWave and THz bands.

http://www.wwrf.ch/



4.11.5 Germany National initiative on influencing network evolution and standardisation

TERRANOVA partner Fraunhofer Gesellschaft (FhG-HHI & FhG-IAF) is an active member of this initiative and also disseminates TERRANOVA outcomes within the proper scope. (https://www.de.digital/DIGITAL/Navigation/EN/Home/home.html)

https://www.de.digital/DIGITAL/Navigation/EN/Home/home.html



5. TERRANOVA STANDARDISATION ACTIVITY DASHBOARD

The following table lists all known standardisation events within the TERRANOVA consortium context

during the project time frame. It makes reference to the entire standardisation as well as the created

impact.

TERRANOVA awareness

TERRANOVA active contribution

Date Activity Partner Involved

Technical Area (TERRANOVA

WPs) TERRANOVA involvement

07-08/05/2018

IEEE 802.15 - Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN)

FhG

THz communications advances and limitations aspects (WP3, WP4, WP5)

Contribution with several studies in form of technical documents relating TERRANOVA systems, concepsts and constrains (total of 9 documents)

12/11/2018 – 16/11/2018

IEEE 802 Bangkok Plenary Meeting Meeting + 802.15 IGTHz plenary meeting task group

FhG

Frequency Allocation and IEEE 802.15.3d working group session (WP3, WP4, WP5)

Technical Documentation production. Follow-up on several workshops and discussions

01/07/2019 – 05/07/2019

IEEE 802 Wien plenary meeting, 802.15 IGTHz task group meeting

FhG



28/10/2019 – 22/11/2019

World Radiocommunication Conference WRC19

FhG



24/10/2017; 15/03/2018; 15/10/2019

Broadband World Forum

ALB, PIC

Optical access NG-PON, XG(S)-PON Systems (WP2, WP5)

BBF World Conference; NG-PON2 council workshop; BBF NG-PON2 council workshop. Presentations and Follow-up on several workshops and discussions OFC 2018

09/04/2018 FSAN ALB, PIC Actual and future PON Architectures (WP2, WP5)

FSAN Dallas Workshop on PON. Presentation and Follow-up on several workshops and discussions.



11-15/06/2018

Broadband Forum meeting on “Prototype System of Mobile PON Systems”, Osaka, Japan

ALB

PON Architectures, Optical Link and Optical HF Front-end (WP2, WP5, WP6)

Follow-up on several workshops and discussions

Permanent

IEEE 802.11ay - Wireless Channel Bonding and MIMO

All

Enhancements to the current technical standards for wireless networks (WP4)

Investigate and follow the standard in order to identify the opportunity to submit a contribution at the MAC protocol level.

Permanent

IEEE 802.1cm and CPRI – Time Sensitive Networking for Fronthaul and Common Public Radio Interface / ITU-T Study Group 15

All

Radio Access Network and Common Packet Radio Interface (All technical areas of the project) (WP4)

Follow-up on IEEE / ITU and industry standards.

Permanent ITU G.hsp High Speed PON

ALB

4x25Gbps / 2x50Gbps aggregated throughput over fiber (WP5)

TERRANOVA partner being active member.

Permanent ITU-T G.989 (NG-PON2) 4x10Gbps

ALB

4x10Gbps aggregated throughput over fiber (WP5)

TERRANOVA partners being active member.

Permanent IEEE 802.3ca 100G-EPON (Closed)

All 100G-EPON (WP5) Follow-up by partners.

Permanent

FTTH Council

Europe Fiber to the Home Council Europe

ALB, PIC, FhG

Future PON architectures with THz embedded systems (WP2, WP5)

Follow-up on several workshops and discussions.

Permanent

Photonics 21. Work Group 1 - Information and Communication

FhG Future PON architectures (WP2, WP5)

Follow-up on several workshops and discussions.





6. CONCLUSIONS

Even before the start of TERRANOVA project, the IEEE made the first steps towards the development of

the first wireless 300 GHz standard. With a former amendment 2 (IEEE Std 802.15.3c-2009) on a 60 GHz

PHY with beamforming options, the IEEE802.15.3 standards became more dominated by exploiting new

millimeter-wave bands, and the logical consequence was the work on THz frequencies above 252 GHz.

The work on the standard was started by establishing a Task Group 3d within IEEE 802.15 in 2014, which

completed its task in October 2017, when the amendment IEEE Std. 802.15.3d-2017 was published. IEEE

802.15.3d had prepared two different channel assignment plans in 2016 [1-24], of which channel plan A

was adopted in IEEE Std 802.15.3d-2017. This channel plan assumed a continuously useable spectrum

from 252 GHz to 320 GHz, although only 252 GHz to 275 GHz were assigned for fixed and mobile services

so far (see Figure 4.4). At that point in time it was unclear, how and if this channel assignment plan would

be considered in the WRC-19 preparation process, which was concerned with the spectrum from 275 GHz

to 450 GHz. TERRANOVA was closely monitoring the process during the whole project duration, also

participating in several meetings of the THz technical advisory group within the IEEE 802.15.3.

The WRC-19 (World Radiocommunication Conference) was held from October 28 to November 22 in

Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. In article 5.564A of the final acts of the WRC-19 [1-12] it was stated that:

“For the operation of fixed and land mobile service applications in frequency bands in the range 275-450

GHz: The frequency bands 275-296 GHz, 306-313 GHz, 318-333 GHz and 356-450 GHz are identified for

use by administrations for the implementation of land mobile and fixed service applications, where no

specific conditions are necessary to protect Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) applications.”

The channel plan in the amendment IEEE Std. 802.15.3d-2017 needs to be adapted however, to take the

reduced continuous spectrum into account. This revision of the amendment will most likely be initiated

by the THz technical advisory group in 802.15.3.

For this reason, the IEEE 802.15.3 remains an excellent candidate for incorporating ideas of TERRANOVA.

Partners of the TERRANOVA consortium will continue to be active in the THz community and will try to

add results from TERRANOVA to the revised IEEE 802.15.3 amendment on a 100 Gb/s wireless switched

point-to-point PHY, such as the dual polarized fixed point-to-point links for 400 Gb/s. This would be

consistent with the evolution of the Gigabit and Terabit Ethernet standards and the next logical step to

achieve compatibility and interoperability between wireless and wired connectivity solutions. The

possibility may be also considered to extend the standardisation of IEEE 802.15.3 in the next phase by an

amendment on 200 Gb/s and 400 Gb/s based on the work of TERRANOVA. Further, the non-coherent PHY

considers only OOK modulation so far, which may be extended to PAM-n modulation schemes, consistent

with optical non-coherent transmission formats. Moreover, modifications with respect to certain

applications, such as indoor applications, or very high gain antenna solutions (> 50 dBi with very low

sidelobes) may be considered.

While CPRI and eCPRI address the implementation of C-RAN topologies, or, in other words, front-hauling

applications, the TERRANOVA architectures focus on embedding wireless links into optical links, or, in

other words, back-hauling applications. However, from an application point of view, following the

evolution of eCPRI and CPRI may reveal technology gaps that could be filled with the TERRANOVA

technologies. It may be also important to follow the requirements of carrying synchronization information



and control and management information for packet-oriented traffic, when using point-to-multipoint

candidate architectures together with time-division multiple access techniques.

It should be noted that THz communications share the lower THz frequencies with a number of other

services, such as EESS (earth exploration-satellite services), RAS (radio astronomy services), RLS

(radiolocation services), space research services (SRS). Work on conducting sharing and compatibility

studies, between fixed and mobile wireless services, RLS applications, EESS, SRS and RAS applications

operating in the frequency range 275-700 GHz, will continue and needs to be monitored.



7. REFERENCES

[1-1] ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-15-3:2017(E), “IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media

Networks,” sponsored by LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society,

approved May 15, 2016.

[1-2] IEEE Std 802.15.3e-2017, “Amendment 1: High-Rate Close Proximity Point-to-Point

Communications,” Amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.3-2016.

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