1 Project title: Accelerated Penetration of Small-Scale Biomass and Solar Technologies (ACCESS) Deliverable No: D13 Maps and databases on the biomass potential BULGARIA, CZECH REPUBLIC, HUNGARY, ROMANIA, SLOVAKIA + Greece Supported by The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not represent the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Transcript
1
Project title: Accelerated Penetration of Small-Scale Biomass and Solar Technologies
(ACCESS)
Deliverable No: D13 Maps and databases on the biomass potential
The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors.
It does not represent the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
2
List of tables Table 1: Potential of forestry biomass in Bulgaria Table 2: Biomass potential from wood processing in Bulgaria (2004) Table 3: Energy crops – biomass potential in Bulgaria Table 4: Agricultural residues – biomass potential in Bulgaria Table 5: Present biomass utilization for electricity and heat production in Bulgaria Table 6: Development of export in thousands m3 in Bulgaria Table 7: Local market prices for fossil fuels in €/GJ in Bulgaria Table 8: Current use of biomass for heat and electricity in Bulgaria Table 9: Future trends of biomass use for heat and electricity in Bulgaria Table 10: Producers of briquettes and pellets in Bulgaria Table 11: Biggest wood processing companies (with sawmills) as a sawdust and wood residues producers in Bulgaria Table 12: Area and structure of agricultural lands of NUTS 3 regions in the Czech Republic Table 13: Biomass energy potential from forestry in the Czech Republic. Table 14: Biomass potential from wood-processing industry in the Czech republic Table 15: Biomass energy potential in the Czech republic in the short (5-10y) and long (20-30y) term Table 16: Biomass potential from agricultural residues in Czech republic Table 17: Biomass potential of energy crops in Czech republic Table 18: Present utilization of wood biomass for electricity and heat production in the Czech Republic Table 19: Local market prices for fossil fuels in €/GJ in the Czech Republic Table 20: Current use of biomass for heat and electricity in the Czech Republic Table 21: Future trends of biomass use for heat and electricity in the Czech Republic Table 22: Producers of briquettes and pellets in the Czech Republic Table 23: Biggest wood processing companies (with sawmills) as a sawdust and wood residues producers in the Czech Republic Table 24: Forestry – biomass potential in Hungary Table 25: Wood-processing – biomass potential in Hungary Table 26: Main biomass and energy potential in Hungary Table 27: Biomass utilization potential and volumes in Hungary Table 28: Biomass potential in Hungary Table 29: Heating costs in Hungary (1 € = cca. 275 HUF) Table 30: Current Use of biomass for heat and electricity in Hungary Table 31: Producers of briquettes and pellets in Hungary Table 32: Wood processing companies in Hungary Table 33: Biomass potential (TJ) in Romania Table 34: The forestry biomass potential by NUTS 3 regions in Romania Table 35: Biomass potential from wood processing by NUTS 3 regions in Romania Table 36: Agricultural residues - biomass potential in 2004 in Romania Table 37: Current use of biomass for urban heating in Romania Table 38: Market prices for fossil fuels (€/tcc) in Romania Table 39: Future trends of biomass use for heat and electricity in Romania Table 40: Briquettes and pellets producers in Romania Table 41: Biggest wood processing companies as sawdust and wood residues producers in Romania Table 42: Basic characteristics of Slovakian NUTS III regions Table 43: Potential of forestry biomass in Slovakia Table 44: Biomass potential from mechanical wood processing in Slovakia Table 45: Energy crops – biomass potential in Slovakia Table 46: Agricultural residues – biomass potential in Slovakia Table 47: Present wood biomass utilization for energy production in Slovakia
3
Table 48: Annual amount of dendromass for energy purposes produced by forestry in Slovakia Table 49: Local market prices for fossil fuels in €/GJ in Slovakia Table 50: Current use of biomass for heat and electricity in Slovakia Table 51: Future trends for 2015 of biomass use for heat and electricity in Slovakia Table 52: Producers of briquettes and pellets in Slovakia Table 53: Biggest wood processing companies (with sawmills) as a sawdust and wood residues producers in Slovakia Table 54: Potential of forestry biomass in Greece Table 55: Biomass potential from wood processing in Greece Table 56: Annual total and utilizable potential of dendromass for energy purposes in wood processing industry in 2004 in Greece Table 57: Agricultural residues – biomass potential in 2004 in Greece Table 58: Present biomass utilization of wood biomass for electricity and heat production in Greece Table 59: Current Use of biomass for heat and electricity in Greece Table 60: Future trends of biomass use for heat and electricity in Greece Table 61: Biggest wood processing companies (with sawmills) as a sawdust and wood residues producers in Greece List of maps Map 1: Technical potential for energy utilization of forest residues in Bulgaria Map 2: Biomass energy potential from forestry in the Czech Republic. Regional distribution Map 3: Biomass energy potential from wood processing in the Czech Republic. Regional distribution Map 4: Biomass briquettes and pellets producers in the Czech republic Map 5: NUTS III regions in Hungary Map 6: Afforestation of Hungary Map 7: NUTS III regions in Romania Map 8: Forest cover map of Romania Map 9: Wood waste biomass distribution map in Romania Map 10: Afforestation of Slovakia Map 11: Biomass energy potential from forestry in Slovakia Map 12: Biomass energy potential from wood-processing industry in Slovakia (mechanical processing) Map 13: Biomass pellets and briquettes producers in Slovakia List of figures Figure 1: Annual heating costs of a house with annual consumption of 100 GJ in Bulgaria Figure 2: Evolution of export of wood residues, chips and particles in Romania Figure 3: Evolution of market prices for fossil fuels in Romania Figure 4: Annual heating costs (1€ = cca 3.57 RON) in Romania Figure 5: Annual total heating costs for the house with annual consumption
4
BULGARIA
BIOMASS POTENTIAL
Table 1: Potential of forestry biomass in Bulgaria
* production forest 2005 – the area for logging in 2005
Map 1: Technical potential for energy utilization of forest residues in Bulgaria
5
Table 2: Biomass potential from wood processing in Bulgaria (2004)
Processed wood Waste share Energy use rate Potential Type of industrial wood-waste mil. m3 % % PJ
Country total 2.102 32 50 3.56 Broad-leaved wooden materials 0.267 32 50 0.52 Oak parquet 0.104 36 50 0.20 Shaped details 0.803 36 50 1.55 Plywood 0.0065 36 60 0.02 Coniferous wooden materials 0.227 42 50 0.44 Plates of wooden fractions 0.138 36 50 0.13 Window frames 0.046 18 50 0.05 Doors and door frames 0.307 20 50 0.33 Pallets 0.195 20 50 0.31 Crates, cases, etc. 0.0086 30 50 0.01 Table 3: Energy crops – biomass potential in Bulgaria (2004)
Land used for energy crops Yield rate Potential thous. ha t/ha PJ
Country total 0 0 0 Comment: No energy crops are grown in Bulgaria in 2004 Table 4: Agricultural residues – biomass potential in Bulgaria
Crop Total agricultural
residues t/year
Technical potential for
energy utilization t/year
Energy content GJ/t
Energy equivalent for heat generation
PJ
Straw 1,650,833 1,385,754 14.65 20.3 Maize (stem and corn-cob) 1,750,741 1,545,669 10.05 15.5 Sunflower (stem and cob) 1,349,666 1,079,733 8.37 9.0 Gardens (branches) 244,160 195,328 10.47 2.0 Vineyards 106,728 85,382 10.47 0.9 Tobaccos (stems) 53,341 42,673 9.21 0.4 Total 5,155,469 4,334,539 63,22 48.2 Comments: The above table presents data on the total agricultural residues and the biomass that is available for energy purposes. The amount of the total biomass residues is based on official data of the National Statistical Institute. From this amount, we subtract the part that cannot be collected and remains on the field (10%). From the remaining, we subtract the volumes used for different industries. Still no economic evaluations of the use of agricultural biomass have been conducted. Moreover, some residues such as maize stems and corn-cobs, sunflower stems and cobs, and tobacco stems are not offered on the market.
6
BIOMASS PRESENT UTILIZATION
Table 5: Present biomass utilization for electricity and heat production in Bulgaria (2005)
Total Biomass production/
utilisation (t/y)
Total Biomass production –
Energy equivalent (GJ/y)
Current average selling price
direct price from supplier (€/t
Current market price
of the end product (€/GJ)
Wood-chips 50,000 490,000 40-50 5,128 - 6,410 Wood -pellets 4,100 76,620 140 - 170 7.69 – 9.34 Wood briquettes 9,800 176,400 90 - 110 5.00 – 6.11 Forest residues, fire wood 1,400,000 10,920,000 40 - 50 5.13 – 6.41 Industrial wood residues 110,000 1,078,000 40 - 50 5.13 – 6.41 Wood from agriculture (gardens…) 0 - - - Wood from SRP (no matter whether used as chips, pellets or other purposes) 0 - - -
Table 6: Development of export in thousands m3 in Bulgaria
2002 2003 2004 Export of chips, forest residues, fire wood, sawdust, etc. N/A 89 210 Comments: In 2003 the export of 89 thousands m3 represents 29,300 GJ. In 2004 the export of 210 m3 represents 69,150 GJ.
Table 7: Local market prices for fossil fuels in €/GJ in Bulgaria Coal Light fuel oil Heavy fuel oil Natural gas District heating Electricity Fuel entry 4.1 18.9 N/A* 9.9 10.2 14.5 Heat generated 5.9 23.6 N/A* 11.6 10.2 14.8 *not used for heating of dwellings Figure 1: Annual heating costs of a house with annual consumption of 100 GJ in Bulgaria
576
850
556
577
577
590
2360
1160
1020
1480
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400
Wood-chips
Wood -pellets
Wood briquettes
Forest residues, f ire w ood
Industrial w ood residues
Coal
Light fuel oil
Natural gas
District heating
Electricity
EUR
Comment: The above chart shows only the fuel costs. Investment and other costs are not included.
7
TENDENCIES OF MARKET DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS THE USE OF BIOMASS TECHNOLOGIES
Table 8: Current use of biomass for heat and electricity in Bulgaria
Installed capacity
Energy generated (per year, eg. 2004)
Number of instal-lations up to 50 kW
Number of instal-lations 50 - 500 kW
Number of installations 0,5 – 1 MW
Number of installations over 1 MW MWel MWth GWh
(El.) PJ (Heat)
Total Heat N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 0 N/A Total Electricity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comments: No data about the number of biomass installations is available. No electricity is produced from biomass in Bulgaria (there are no CHP units yet).
Table 9: Future trends of biomass use for heat and electricity in Bulgaria
Planned Installed capacity Expected Energy generated (per year)
Number of new installations
planned MWel MWth GWh (El.) PJ (Heat)
Year 2004 N/A 0 4790 0 17.2 Year 2010 N/A 80 6227 418 22.3 Year 2015 N/A 160 7664 849 27.5 Comments: The table above indicates the installed capacity and generated energy based on the utilized energy output, not on the energy input. The technology efficiency used in the calculations is as follows: 46% in 2004, 50% in 2010 and 54% in 2015.
Combined heat and power (CHP) Number of installations 0
Other small companies briquettes 1200 2001-2005 wood , straw Table 11: Biggest wood processing companies (with sawmills) as a sawdust and wood residues producers in Bulgaria Company Locality Region
Ambaritza-GO Gorna Orjahovitza Gorna Orjahovitza Gabrovnitza AD Gorno Sahrane Kazanlak Woodworking Kavarna Kavarna Varna IKO Ltd Razlog Razlog Lessoplast AD Trojan Trojan NS Parquet Plovdiv Plovdiv Fazerlaes AD Silistra Silistra
9
CZECH REPUBLIC
BACKGROUND
Table 12: Area and structure of agricultural lands of NUTS 3 regions in the Czech Republic Total land area Agricultural land Of which:
NUTS III Regions [ha] [ha] Arable Permanent
grassland Forest land
Capital Prague 49 590 21 110 15 534 872 4 886 Central Bohemian Region 1 101 613 668 722 557 052 70 283 304 976 South Bohemian Region 1 005 666 495 834 320 169 161 136 375 077 Plzeň Region 756 106 384 109 265 139 105 689 298 064 Carlsbad Region 331 436 124 705 57 114 63 949 143 202 Ústí nad Labem Region 533 503 278 174 187 088 69 079 158 953 Liberec Region 316 289 140 880 70 519 61 415 139 711 Hradec Králové Region 475 817 280 258 194 208 70 131 146 930 Pardubice Region 451 850 274 231 201 364 59 656 132 692 Olomouc Region 692 539 420 254 325 466 83 648 210 338 Moravian-Silesian Region 706 545 426 612 359 019 28 118 196 182 South Moravian Region 515 875 277 043 209 816 51 173 178 999 Zlín Region 396 391 195 946 126 608 55 666 157 010 Vysočina Region 553 535 284 923 179 143 87 457 196 038
BIOMASS POTENTIAL
Table 13: Biomass energy potential from forestry in the Czech Republic.
Forest area Forest use Energy yield rate Potential Region (NUTS3) thous. ha % GJ/ha PJ
Wood from municipal sphere together < 1 < 0.01 3 - 4 + 3 < 0.05 Total 2 500 ~ 30 + 700 - 800 + 7 - 8
* Wood-chips are presently being made mostly (70-80%) from wooden residues from wood-processing, less (20-30 %) from forestry management. **The total production /of which supplied to domestic market; This does not include wooden wastes from pulp & paper industry
Table 19: Local market prices for fossil fuels in €/GJ in the Czech Republic Coal Light fuel oil Heavy fuel oil Natural gas Other
Fuel entry 4 – 8* 11 – 12 - 11 Heat generated** 5 – 16 13 – 14 - 11 – 13 All the prices are for supplies of fuels to households and includes only fuel costs. * Lower figure applicable for brown coal, the upper for hard coal (prices of black coal are around 6 EUR/GJ). ** Based on energy efficiency of a given boiler/stove (e.g. in case of coal, it may range from 55% for an old stove up to 80 % if modern automatic boiler is assumed, in case of gas-fired boiler, the difference may be as much as 10-15% if condensing boiler would be installed).
TENDENCIES OF MARKET DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS THE USE OF BIOMASS TECHNOLOGIES Table 20: Current use of biomass for heat and electricity in the Czech Republic
Installed capacity
Energy generated (per year, eg. 2004) Number of instal-
lations up to 50 kW
Number of instal-lations 50 - 500 kW
Number of installations 0,5
– 1 MW
Number of installations over 1 MW MWel MWth
GWh (El.) PJ (Heat)
tens of thousands thousands tens of hundreds tens (max. 100 - 150) < 5* 1000 600 36
* In the figure are included only installations with a turbogenerator and a boiler dedicated to biomass firing; large majority of produced electricity, however, is coming from „co-firing“ installations, i.e. those which either use a common boiler and/or a TG set for electricity production from biomass and fossil fuels firing; produced electricity and heat also includes use of wooden wastes from pulp and paper industry.
Table 21: Future trends of biomass use for heat and electricity in the Czech Republic Planned Installed capacity Expected Energy generated (per year)
Number of new installations planned MWel MWth GWh (El.) PJ (Heat)
+100 +500 600 +30 The estimates on new installed capacity include only installations dedicated to biomass-firing, energy production then also includes those installations which will co-fire biomass with fossil fuels.
14
BIOMASS FUELS
Table 22: Producers of briquettes and pellets in the Czech Republic
Name of Producer Product(s) Locality NUTS III Region Indicative
production (thous. t/y)
BIOMAC Ing. Černý s.r.o.* wooden briquettes, pellets Uničov Olomouc Region 50 – 80
IROMEZ s.r.o. wooden briquettes Pelhřimov Vysočina Region 15 EKOTHERM v.o.s. wooden briquettes Jablonec nad Nisou a Semily Liberec Region 4 HOLZTHERM wooden briquettes Plzeň Plzeň Region 15 B.R.D. wooden briquettes Soběslavice Liberec Region N/A
PELLETIA-TEC s.r.o. wooden pellets Hradec Králové, Vysoké Mýto Hradec Králové and Pardubice Region 2
Jesenická Biopaliva s.r.o. wooden pellets Zlaté Hory Olomouc Region N/A PELLETEX s.r.o. wooden pellets Dačice South Bohemian Region N/A ENVITERM a.s. wooden pellets Ždírec nad Doubravou Vysočina Region 10 ECO - VEST s.r.o. wooden pellets Uhlířské Janovice Central Bohemian Region SDO GROUP spol. s r. o. wooden pellets Hodonín South Moravian Region OSTAX s. R. o. wooden pellets Valašské Meziříčí Zlín Region Verner ECO Star, s. r. o. wooden pellets Zbytiny South Bohemian Region 2 BENAZ a. s. wooden pellets Planá u Mariánských lázní Carlsbad Region Družstvo EKOVER** non-wooden pellets Březovice Central Bohemian Region Obec Kněžice non-wooden pellets Kněžice Pardubice Region ZZN Polabí Kolín non-wooden pellets Kolín Central Bohemian Region Vopol a. s. non-wooden pellets Pomezí Pardubice Region Ing. Jan Toužimský non-wooden pellets Rakovník Central Bohemian Region Zemos, s r. o. non-wooden pellets Lančov South Moravian Region Agrochem, a. s. non-wooden pellets Lanškroun Pardubice Region Sdružení fyzických osob non-wooden pellets Kralupy Central Bohemian Region Agro Chovex, s r. o. non-wooden pellets Hnojník Moravian-Silesian Region Starojicko, a. s. non-wooden pellets Nový Jičín Moravian-Silesian Region Agrodružstvo non-wooden pellets Morkovice Zlín Region Janíček non-wooden pellets Ivaň Olomouc Region Arema, s r. o. non-wooden pellets Slavkov u Brna South Moravian Region Agronova M & P, spol. s r.o. non-wooden pellets Kamenice nad Lipou Vysočina Region Sušárna non-wooden pellets Kratonohy Hradec Králové Region MJM Litovel non-wooden pellets Litovel Olomouc Region Hájek non-wooden pellets Dolní Bělá Plzeň Region
* The BIOMAC company presently manufactures briquettes and pellets in total of 22 plants located around the country in various wood-processing facilites (mostly sawmills); in six of which owns the production technology, for the other provides service, maintenance, and helps with marketing. ** The EKOVER company (actually a co-operative farm located in the Central Bohemian Region) is the holder of the patent for the production of bio-fuel in the form of pellets made from non-wooden agricultural by-products; due to low production costs this bio-fuel became very attractive and the company now awarded the production license to as much as ten other legal entities around the country (listed in the table). Alltogether, several thousand of this bio-fuel is presently estimated to be produced by these manufacturers.
15
Map 4: Biomass briquettes and pellets producers in the Czech republic
Table 23: Biggest wood processing companies (with sawmills) as a sawdust and wood residues producers in the Czech Republic
Company Locality Region Volume of processed roundwood
Stora Enso Timber a.s. Ždírec nad Doubravou Vysočina Region ~ 1 mil. m3/year Holzindustrie Schweighofer a.s.
Planá u Mariánských Lázní Plzeň Region ~ 1 mil. m3/year
Mayr-Melnhof Group Paskov Moravian-Silesian Region ~ 1 mil. m3/year Javořice, a.s. (member of CE WOOD Group)
Ptení Olomouc Region 0.5-1 mil. m3/year
České dřevařské závody a.s. Čáslav, Praha 9 – Satalice, Řevničov
Central Bohemian Region ∑ 0,1 mil. m3/year
Kasalova Pila Jindřichův Hradec South Bohemian Region 0,05 mil. m3/year Pila Krnov, s.r.o. Krnov Olomouc Region 0,03 mil. m3/year Pila Pasák Planá nad Lužnicí South Bohemian Region 0,015 mil. m3/year
Source: „Biomass – Energy from the agriculture“ conference, 2005, Nyitra; Zoltán Gőgös (bioenergetical commissioner): Biomass potential and utilization in Hungary
Table 29: Heating costs in Hungary (1 € = cca. 275 HUF)
Note: gas price is valid for domestic costumers with < 20 m3/h consumption from 01/08/2006, for other fuels 20% increased (from original table) cost considered. Source: www.fogaz.hu
19
TENDENCIES OF MARKET DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS THE USE OF BIOMASS TECHNOLOGIES
Table 30: Current Use of biomass for heat and electricity in Hungary
Installed capacity
Energy generated (per year, eg. 2004)
Number of instal-lations up to 50 kW
Number of instal-lations 50 - 500 kW
Number of installations 0,5 – 1 MW
Number of installations over 1 MW MWel MWth
GWh (El.)
PJ (Heat)
Total Heat in year 2004
36,7
Total Electricity in year 2004
956,6
Source: Biomass conference, 2005, Vértes; Ferenc Bohoczky: Renewables utilization in Hungary; http://www.vert.hu/hirek/050601_biomassza.htm
BIOMASS FUELS
Table 31: Producers of briquettes and pellets in Hungary
COMPANY ADDRESS HOLZWERK Kft. 9825 Oszkó, Fafeldolgozó. KANIZSA FŰRÉSZ Fafeldolgozó Kft. 8800 Nagykanizsa, Csengery u. 88. Nyergesi Fafeldolgozó Bt. 2536 Nyergesújfalu, Pala u. 2. VILMÁNYI-FA Fafeldolgozó Kft. 4220 Hajdúböszörmény, Külső Hadázi utca 14. Balatonfelvidéki Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Rt. Devecseri Erdészet 8460 Devecser, Pápai út 23/1. Balatonfelvidéki Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Rt. 8230 Balatonfüred, Táncsics Mihály utca 19. Balatonfelvidéki Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Rt. 8296 Monostorapáti, Petőfi Sándor utca 34. Balatonfelvidéki Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Rt. 8308 Zalahaláp, Külterület Balatoni - Fa Fafeldolgozó, Kereskedelmi és Szolg. Kft. 8342 Óhid, Petőfi Sándor utca 19. BALATONI FA Fafeldolgozó, Kereskedelmi és Szolgáltató Kft. 8342 Óhid, Petőfi út 19. C + T Fafeldolgozó Kft. 4334 Hodász, Széchenyi utca Császári Fafeldolgozó Kft. 2858 Császár, Kossuth út 1. Cserta Fűrész Fafeldolgozó Kft. 8957 Csömödér, Vasút utca 6. DD - FA Kft. Fűrészüzeme 7838 Vajszló, Fafeldolgozó 3. Egererdő Erdészeti Rt. Mátrai Erdő és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság 3300 Eger, Kossuth Lajos utca 18. Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság Rt. Balatonfelvidéki 8330 Sümeg, Sarvaly Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság, Balaton - felvidéki 8500 Pápa, Szent I. út 28 Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság, Balaton - felvidéki 8316 Vállus, Külterület Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság, Mátrai 3245 Recsk, Várbükki utca 3. Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság 6096 Kunpeszér, Erdész utca 2. Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság 6412 Balotaszállás, Fűzespuszta utca 90. Erdő és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság 8083 Csákvár, Tompa utca 3 Erdő és Fafeldolgozó Üzem 4242 Hajdúhadház, Liget utca 3 F & F Fafeldolgozó és Faforgalmazó Kft. 9143 Enese, Rózsa utca 4 FA-CO Erdészeti Szolgáltató és Fafeldolgozó Kft. 2730 Albertirsa, Homokrész I.ker. 43/a. Fagus Fafeldolgozó és Szolgáltató Kft. 4096 Újtikos, Vasvári út Fakitermelő, Fafeldolgozó és Értékesítő Kft. 3994 Bózsva, Vörös Hhadsereg u. 13. Hafner Fafeldolgozó Kft. 6723 Szeged, Etelka sor 1. Holz Fafeldolgozó Bt. 4224 Hajdúböszörmény, - Bodaszőlő, Külterület Hrsz. 1009/1 HORVÁTH Fafeldolgozó Kft. 7841 Sámod, Iparterület út 1. Ipoly és Vidéke Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság 2632 Letkés, Rákóczi utca 1/b Ipoly és Vidéke Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság 2634 Nagybörzsöny, Völgy utca 51 Kesjár Fafeldolgozó és Forgalmazó Kft. 5600 Békéscsaba, Békési út 46-48. Kiskunsági Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság 6032 Nyárlőrinc, II. kerület 159 Kiskunsági Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság 6041 Kerekegyháza, Dózsa György utca 117. Kiskunsági Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság 6239 Császártöltés, Sport tér 7. Kiss Fafeldolgozó és Értékesítő 4200 Hajdúszoboszló, Tokay utca 45 Ladánybenei Fafeldolgozó Kft. 6045 Ladánybene, Országúti dűlő 11. Ladánybenei Fafeldolgozó Kft. 6723 Szeged, Rózsa utca 20/b Ladár és Domán Fafeldolgozó Kft. 2750 Nagykőrös, Fekete dűlő 536. Mátrai Erdő - és Fafeldolgozó Gazdaság Erdészet 3124 Zabar, Utaspuszta MÁVFAVÉD Faanyagvédelmi, Fafeldolgozó, Szolgáltató és Kereskedelmi Kft.
1132 Budapest, Visegrádi u. 9.
MONTANARI Hungary Ipari Fafeldolgozó Kft. 9911 Magyarszecsőd, Fő u. 100. NA - BO Fafeldolgozó Kft. 1161 Budapest, Pálya utca 93 Paár Sándor Fafeldolgozó Üzem 9533 Nemesszalók, Dabronyi utca 3 Rozmaring Fafeldolgozó Kft 8247 Hidegkút, Fő utca 16 RV Fafeldolgozó Kft. 2300 Ráckeve, Béke utca 8. Szalai Fafeldolgozó és Kereskedelmi Kft. 8999 Zalalövő, Körmendi utca 1. VERFA Fafeldolgozó és Kereskedelmi Rt. 8200 Veszprém, Jutasi út 10.
21
R O M A N I A
BACKGROUND
Map 7: NUTS III regions in Romania Map 8: Forest cover map of Romania
Table 36: Agricultural residues - biomass potential in 2004 in Romania
Land used for production
Technical potential for energy utilization
Energy content Energy equivalent for heat generation
Crop
103 ha t/year MJ/kg PJ
Wheat and rye 2,317.8 2,467,344 14.5 35.78 Maize 3,274.1 11,341,417 17.39 197.22 Sunflower 977 1,246,652 8.02 10.00 Tobacco 5.9 5,985 9 0.05 Rape 49.7 49,302 10 0.49 Fruit trees 223.3 65,916 10.5 0.69 Vineyards 251.1 284,130 10.5 2.98 TOTAL 247.21
PRESENT BIOMASS UTILIZATION Table 37: Current use of biomass for urban heating in Romania
Installed capacity Energy generated (per year)
Number of installations 0,5 – 1 MW
Number of installations over 1 MW
MWth TJ (Heat)
Total Heat in year 2004 2 8 45 80
Source: Strategy for Renewable Energy Sources Utilisation Figure 2: Evolution of export of wood residues, chips and particles in Romania
Source: National Institute of Wood
Table 38: Market prices for fossil fuels (€/tcc) in Romania
Lignite Hard coal Fuel oil Natural gas Fuel price
(2005) 50 85 172 175
10
3 m
3
26
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
natural gas
geothermal
national referenceheating price
fuel oil
LPG
electricity
RON/Gcal
0
50
100
150
200
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Euro
/tcc
Lignite Hard coal Natural gas Fuel oil
Figure 3: Evolution of market prices for fossil fuels in Romania
Source: Termoelectrica
Figure 4: Annual heating costs (1€ = cca 3.57 RON) in Romania
27
TENDENCIES OF MARKET DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS THE USE OF BIOMASS TECHNOLOGIES
Table 39: Future trends of biomass use for heat and electricity in Romania
Planned installed capacity Expected energy generated (per year)
MWel 103 toe GWh (El.)
2003 - 2010 3,249.8 Total Heat 2011 - 2015 3,487.8
2003 - 2010 190 1,134 Total Electricity 2011 - 2015 379.5 3,654 Source: Strategy for Renewable Energy Sources Utilisation
Comment: It is evident that great amounts of small-sized wood are obtained in wood industry. But utilisation of this wood for energy purposes is insufficient due to difficulties related to gathering, processing and transportation. Actual studies show that these wood wastes are economically viable resources and must encourage the activities, which assure production of pellets and briquettes taking into consideration an environmental benefit.
BIOMASS FUELS
Table 40: Briquettes and pellets producers in Romania
Producer Locality Fuel (pellets/ briquettes) Production capacity In operation since
Raland SRL Miercurea Ciuc, Harghita County Pellets 6 t / h 2004
PHOENIX COMPANY SA
Miercurea Ciuc, Harghita County Briquettes 0.4 t / h 1997
Massiv Forest Products SRL
Buchin, Caras Severin County Briquettes 5000 t / year 1995
Ecolemn SRL Caransebes, Caras Severin County Pellets 50 - 100 t / day 2004
28
Table 41: Biggest wood processing companies as sawdust and wood residues producers in Romania Company Locality Region
Table 42: Basic characteristics of Slovakian NUTS III regions
Source: Statistical Office of the Slovak republic
Map 10: Afforestation of Slovakia
Name of the region Surface area (km2)
Population (2004) Agricultural land (ha) Of which
arable land Forest land
Bratislava region 2 052 601 132 95 640 75392 75 428 Trnava region 4 147 553 198 293 850 263833 65 202 Trencin region 4 502 601 392 186 440 99055 220 661 Nitra region 6 344 709 350 469 641 407127 96 131 Žilina region 6 801 694 129 246 827 63446 377 941 Banska Bystrica region 9 455 658 368 418 921 166917 462 536 Presov region 8 981 796 745 385 458 150307 440 455 Kosice region 6 752 770 508 337 973 204519 266 572 TOTAL 49 036 5 400 000 2 434 749 1 430 594 2 004 927
30
BIOMASS POTENTIAL
Table 43: Potential of forestry biomass in Slovakia
Forest area Forest use Energy yield rate Potential Region (NUTS3) ha GJ/ha PJ
Slovakia 1 930 691 0,74 9,6 13,8 Kosice region 254 987 0,79 10 2,02 Presov region 418 370 0,8 9,27 3,1 Banska Bystrica region 453 106 0,69 9,43 2,95 Zilina region 360 758 0,59 10,17 2,17 Trencin region 214 804 0,75 8,43 1,36 Trnava region 62 853 0,97 9,29 0,57 Nitra region 92 505 0,95 11,23 0,99 Bratislava region 73 309 0,92 9,9 0,67
Comments: Forest area land and average filings based on data from national forestry institute (2004 - 2005). For the forest use rate the regional mountainousness, as indicator of lower accessibility, as well as other kinds of forests (protective, special purpose forests) were considered. Map 11: Biomass energy potential from forestry in Slovakia
31
Table 44: Biomass potential from mechanical wood processing in Slovakia
Waste amount Waste share in the region Energy use rate Potential Region (NUTS III)
mil. m3 % % PJ Slovakia 1600,00 50 11,2 Bratislava region 48,00 0,03 50 0,34 Trnava region 64,00 0,04 50 0,45 Trencin region 192,00 0,12 50 1,34 Nitra region 80,00 0,05 50 0,56 Zilina region 368,00 0,23 50 2,58 Banska Bystrica region 400,00 0,25 50 2,80 Presov region 336,00 0,21 50 2,35 Kosice region 112,00 0,07 50 0,78
Map 12: Biomass energy potential from wood-processing industry in Slovakia (mechanical processing)
Table 45: Energy crops – biomass potential in Slovakia
Land suitable for energy crops Yield rate Potential thous. ha t/ha PJ
Country total 45 000* 12 6,3 * medium term; in some analyses about 170 000 ha is expected for cultivation of energy crops
32
Table 46: Agricultural residues – biomass potential in Slovakia Energy equivalent for heat
Comments: % - Percentage from whole consumption of energy in SR * - assumption, ** - outlook
Table 49: Local market prices for fossil fuels in €/GJ in Slovakia Brown coal Light fuel oil Natural gas Bottled gas Electricity
Fuel entry 7,7 11 0,36 €/m3
11,8 €/GJ 18 12
Heat generated 8,7 13 12,3 19,5 13,8
Comments: All prices are for households (average consumption 100 GJ) The heat generated depends on efficiency of boiler, here: brown coal boiler- 60 %, coke boiler – 65 %, wood, chips – 80%, pellets – 87,5 %, other – 90 % and more.
Figure 5: Annual total heating costs for the house with annual consumption of 100 GJ in 2005* in Slovakia
* without considering the investment costs, 1€ = appr. 37,5 SK
34
TENDENCIES OF MARKET DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS THE USE OF BIOMASS TECHNOLOGIES
Table 50: Current use of biomass for heat and electricity in Slovakia Number of installations
(only modern biomass boilers and stoves) Installed capacity Energy generated (per year)
up to 50 kW 50 - 500 kW 0,5 – 1 MW over 1
MW MWel MWth GWh (El.) PJ (Heat)
Heat (2005) thousands 250 100 30 - 400 - 15 PJ
Electricity - - - 2? 21,4 (2002)
33 (2004) 153 (2002)
Table 51: Future trends for 2015 of biomass use for heat and electricity in Slovakia
Planned Installed capacity Expected Energy generated (per year)
Number of new installations
planned MWel MWth GWh (El.) PJ (Heat)
Total Heat thousands - NA - 37 PJ Total Electricity ? 60 - 650 - *new sources and co-combustion
35
BIOMASS FUELS
Table 52: Producers of briquettes and pellets in Slovakia
Producer Production locality Fuel (pellets/briquettes)
Production capacity (tons) Comment
Agrorama Sala agri pellets (corn) 500 t/month A-Holz Kotesova (Zilina ) briquettes AMICO drevo Oravský Podzámok pellets 2500 AVS Plus Bratislava briquettes, pellets BEKY, a.s. Snina briquettes Bimpex Presov agri pellets BIOMASA Ass. Kysucky Lieskovec pellets 12 000 Bioterm Kralova Lehota briquettes 3 600 Branch of AVS Plus company Krasno nad Kysucou pellets Close
production Pellet Zipser (AVS Plus) Spisska Nova Ves pellets PFA Lozorno pellets Planned
production Stolarstvo Kobelar Leopoldov briquettes Sweedwood Zavazna Poruba briquettes Tatra Pellets (AVS Plus) Liptovsky Peter pellets Spisske Vlachy agri pellets Udavske briquettes Zakamenne briquettes Comment: This list of pellets and briquettes producers is not comprehensive, as the situation on the market is changing quickly. Data on production capacity are only informative.
36
Map 13: Biomass pellets and briquettes producers in Slovakia
Table 53: Biggest wood processing companies (with sawmills) as a sawdust and wood residues producers in Slovakia
Company Locality Region ANB Zarnovica Banska Bystrica Bucina Zvolen Banska Bystrica PRP Velky Krtis Banska Bystrica Smrecina Fofatex Banska Bystrica Banska Bystrica AMICO Drevo Oravsky Podzamok Zilina Rettenmeier Tatra Timber Liptovsky Hradok Zilina Slovlepex Dolny Kubin Zilina Peky Snina Presov Bukoza Holding Hencovce Presov PFA Lozorno Bratislava Medzevská drevárska fabrika Medzev Kosice Rapil Dobsina Kosice Drevostav Ilava Trencin DCP Drazkovce Trencin ACER Group Machatince Nitra REVY Nitra Nitra
37
GREECE
BIOMASS POTENTIAL
Table 54: Potential of forestry biomass in Greece Forest use Energy yield rate Potential Region (NUTS3) Forest land (ha)
Table 55: Biomass potential from wood processing in Greece
Processed wood Waste share Energy use rate Potential Region (NUTS3)
mil. m3 % % PJ Coutnry total 3 000,00 0,10% 30% 3
Table 56: Annual total and utilizable potential of dendromass for energy purposes in wood processing industry in 2004 in Greece
Total potential Utilizable potential Present energy use Kino of waste t PJ T PJ t PJ
Dry wastes 300 000 * 3 150 000 1,5 70 000 0,9 Wet wastes Liquid wastes Total 300 000 3 150 000 1,5 70 000 0,9 * Most of wood industries in Greece burns only sawdust with a ratio : 1m3 = 100-120 kg
39
Table 57: Agricultural residues – biomass potential in 2004 in Greece Energy equivalent for
heat generation Crop Land used for production in ha
Straw (biomass) * yield available for
energy in t/ha
Biomass production in
t/year TWh PJ Straw 273,400 2.8 765,520 3,8 13,7 Maize 55,021 2.1 115,544 0.6 2.24 Sunflower 6,159 3 18,477 0.072 0.26 Barley 720,817 2.1 1,513,716 7,5 27,1 Gardens 5,518 20 110,360 0.3 1.05 Vineyards 131,792 4.9 645,781 3.4 12.23 Oil Trees 1,002,534 2.8 2,807,095 14 50,5 Oat 97,790 6.7 655,193 3,2 11,4 Rice 3,634 4.5 16,353 0,1 0,3 Cotton 375,599 5 1,877,995 9,5 34,1 Tobacco 56,007 1.4 78,410 0,4 1,3 Trees (Lemon, apple…..) ** 362,586 4.3 1,559,120 7,2 26 Total 3,090,857 10,163,563 50 180 * Wet quantity of Biomass ** The Avarage price or range: min. – max. price of LCV of about 10 kind of trees
PRESENT BIOMASS UTILIZATION
Table 58: Present biomass utilization of wood biomass for electricity and heat production in Greece
