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Demand-driven Acquisition at Oxford University Hilla Wait (Philosophy & Theology Librarian, Bodleian Libraries)1What is DDAUser-led selection of new booksUtilises the instant accessibility of e-book acquisitionsEnables staff to test the level of demand for a title before purchaseStaff select the range (profile) of books on offerTime/cost-effective way to meet reader needs instantlyReaders need not know that the books are not owned by the institution

Also known as Patron Driven acquisition2Oxford e-book context454,000 e-booksOxford partner projects (EEBO, Google)Outright purchases (Past Masters, Blackwell Reference)Subscription subject packages (ORO, OSO, CCO, ACLS, Cengage, Springer, Elsevier, 24x7)Pick&Mix (Ebsco; EBL; DeGruyter, Taylor & Francis)Chinese e-book collectionsUsage statistics (Counter)2,176,112 chapter requestsOxfords total e-resources annual budget 4,200,000E-books annual cost?Devolved to subject budgets

Partnership EEBO with u michigan ; googleSpringer science e-book collectionsPast mastersCengage = moma, ecco etc.24x7

3EBL = Electronic Books Library Aggregator offering access to multiple publishers e-books Purchase content outright own in perpetuityUnlimited simultaneous access (up to 325)Non-linear Lending = multiple-concurrent access to all titles up to 325 loans per year renewing automatically annually Loan = 24 hours view / download = 1 creditFree Browse Period 10 Minutes owned / 5 minutes non-ownedBooks may be borrowed to mobile e-reader devices

Mobile devices for EBLi-Padi-Phones & android phonesSony e-readersOther e-readers using Adobe Digital Librarye.g. KOBO, NOOK etc.Does not work on Kindles

Bluefire reader on i-PadEBL reader requests

Less than 10 requests via this model in 2 yearsIs DDA the answer?Found that reader are not taking advantage of the free browse and are not asking for purchases via this route.6Buying from EBLChoose booksChoose preselected fundDrop down to fund codeBooks available in 30 secondsOCLC Marc record loaded centrally to SOLOCharged to subject budgetVery popular

The DDA project in OxfordUnlike other universities, no dedicated staffThe DDA teamResearch - Jo Gardner (Health Care Libraries)Operation - Hilla Wait (Philosophy & Theology Librarian)Acquisitions and Payments - Ann Evans, Nicky Mountfort, Zita Vellinga (C&RD staff)Cataloguing - Alison Felstead, Nathalie Chaddock-Thomas (C&RD staff)Techie bits - Nathalie Schulz, Andy MacKinnon (BLDDS)Oversight - Catriona Cannon (Associate Director, Collection Support)

Before we started a colleague did a lot of research talking to other universities. The three she found most useful were: Newcastle, Kings, UWECollections & Resource Description

Bodleian Digital Library Systems and Services)8Research on DDA in other UK HE institutionsNewcastle University EBL, launched February 2010Kings College, LondonEBL, launched December 2010UWEDawsonEra, launched March 2012Case studies on JISC web-site https://ebmotmet.wikispaces.com/Case_studiesPatron-driven acquisitions : history and best practices / edited by David A. Swords. De Gruyter Saur. 2011 ISBN: 9783110253016

Found 8 institutions- looked into 3 in more detail

9Newcastle University18 month project, launched Feb 201080k budget at startAll subjectsEbooks Team = 4 technical experts, and 8 liaison librariansMore than 110,000 DDA records loaded onto catalogue in one weekPurchase triggered on third loan request (revised to fifth request)All requests mediated by acquisitions staff, forwarded to subject librarians if >35.

Kings College, LondonService implemented in December 2010All subjects, but main target groups are humanities and social sciencesStaffing: 2 members of technical teamCreated a Scholarly Collection Profile of 90,000 titlesPurchase triggered on fourth loan requestNo requests are mediatedReaders are limited to one loan per day.

UWE 6 month trial, launched March 20125K budget at startLimited to criminology, forensics, genetics.Staffing: Acquisitions Librarian and 2 subject librariansCollection created by subject librarians, limited by Dewey range and publication date2800 records loaded onto cataloguePurchase triggered after one loan requestPurchase mediated by subject librarians if >15

DDA in other UK HE institutions: ConclusionsHuge variations BudgetsCollection profile Staff ConfigurationEvaluationNeed to evaluate , respond rapidly and adjust frequentlyFinding a sustainable funding method for PDA remains a challenge

We cant say we werent warned. We knew that we didnt have enough money13Adapting DDA for OxfordDifficultiesScale and complexity of Oxfords operationsMembership of cataloguing consortiaLarge community of external usersMaterials budget devolved to subject librariansAvoiding duplication with existing e-book subscriptionsFinding timeStrengthsLong experience with e-books Existing relationships with e-book suppliersVery expert technical staffHighly-motivated and diverse readershipAimto test whether the model enables a more rapid and targeted response to reader needs for new acquisitionsJisc have us as Band A. - based on money25 K university members 100 libraries11 million items on our on-line catalogue30 K external users14DDA In OxfordPilot scheme was set up for TT 2012Initial budget - 5,000Provided by Oxfords existing e-books supplier EBLInstant access including mobile devicesBooks limited to recent academic publications (2009-2012) in humanities, medical & biological sciences (33 publishers)10,000 records added to SOLOLump sum paid up-front to suppliersReaders encouraged to register to enable tracking of trial booksRental and purchase limited to University members

Acquisitions WorkflowA separate distinct fund-code was set up with EBL to pay for these titlesUnusually, we paid in advance into a Blackwell's deposit accountInvoices were prepaid and added to ORACLE. These invoices were for the initial pilot amount in advance. This was topped up as the project continued and further funding was found.Full title lists of purchased items were supplied and acquisitions staff placed retrospective orders on Aleph against each distinct purchased titleA dummy order was placed on the system to link to invoices for loansDummy packing-slip invoices were sent on a weekly basis, and invoices were added to Aleph, including VAT costs. As already prepaid on ORACLE, these were then just scanned online for reference. There were separate invoices for loans and for outright purchases.

Subject librarians could continue to make direct purchases from EBL against their own funds without confusion with the DDA pilot.Cataloguing Workflow 1Oxford completed a technical profile for the supply of the MARC catalogue records for SOLOEBL provided a file of nearly 10K records, with URLs, based on the subject selection profileBDLSS loaded the full records into the Aleph Resources File, to keep them separate from the main bibliographic database (and prevent export)The records were published to SOLO, and clustered with records for the print titlesThe titles in SOLO were switched on by EBL at the agreed time, to provide access to authenticated readers by clicking the URLsWhen purchases were triggered by readers, the same mechanism as used for standard ebook purchases kicked in

Newcastle warned us not to load too many in one go.Nathalie S. loaded the records into Aleph BIB02, the Resources file, from where they were piped to SOLO to be discovered by the readers. (The 505 Contents and 520 Summary fields were retained in the records, to maximise discoverability.) 17Cataloguing Workflow 2A notification was sent to the ebooks cataloguer, and a second catalogue record for each purchased title was made available for downloading from OCLCThe ebooks cataloguer downloaded the records from OCLC and prepared them for loading as usualThese OCLC records were generally of better quality than those supplied by EBLThese records were loaded into the main bibliographic database and published to SOLOThis meant there were two records for the same purchased ebook in SOLO for the duration of the pilot: an acceptable riskThe ebooks cataloguer sent the record control numbers and titles for purchase to acquisitions staffAt the end of the pilot, the EBL records were removed from SOLO by suppressing (but not deleting) them in the Resources FileThese records can be unsuppressed if the project resumes, or deleted in bulk from Aleph

4) When readers triggered the purchase of a title, an OCLC MARC Record File Notification email was sent to the ebooks group, containing details of how to obtain MARC records for the purchased titles from OCLC. This was a surprise, as we had not realised that the same mechanism for obtaining MARC records would pertain for the DDA trial. Moreover, the MARC records obtained via OCLC were different to those originally supplied by EBL! The reason for this has not yet been established.(e.g. MARC-8 or UTF-8?, delivery method).

18Project LaunchDeliberately low-keyNo publicity to readers (already experienced in using EBL booksInformation to library staffBackground to projectHow to identify the books (Bib02 system numbers)How to support readersWarning that the books would not be accessible to external readers

SOLO, staff will be able to identify DDA records by looking at the > "Aleph System Number" in the details display - it is prefaced by > "BIB02". It is also possible to search by "ddarec" and bring them all > up. To readers they look like any other e-book record.

19Access Model for DDA TitlesFree Browse Period of 5 minutes per titleFirst access = 24 hour rental =10% chargeSecond access = 24 hour rental =10% chargeThird access = auto-purchase = permanent = 100% chargeTotal cost per book = 120% of normal e-book costVery expensive books required staff mediation for rental or purchasePotential limit on number of rentals per reader per dayRegular reports and alerts

The Reader Experience Bibliographical record on SOLO appears identical to other e-book records

This book is not yet available in print in Oxford

Bibliographical record on SOLO appears identical to other e-book records

21Accessing the e-book

At the end of 5 minutes browse

The reader can choose to carry on

And trigger a loan ($19.50 in this example)

We used to tell the reader the price of the loan, show price to patron function, but it caused agitation so we suppressed that again.23Information to project staffE-mail to report rental

Invoice report

Access to very expensive booksLimit of 25 per rental Staff mediation for more expensive titles2 requests both agreed within 3 hours

Request for a book which had been missing at Sackler for over a month25Adjustments during the Oxford projectAdditional funding extended the project several timesIntroduction of registration option to assist with analysisSwitching on (and off) the loan/purchase cost displaySetting limits for the number of loans per patron per dayAdditional guidance to reading room staff (external readers issues)Switiching on and off first to make people more careful, but caused idstress and confusion

26Time-scale and CostsOriginal budget5,000Increase of 3,000 before project startAdditional 3,000Final costs underwritten to end 5,713Project ran 1 May-15 June 2012At peak, averaging 3,000 per weekFinal costs: 16,713.3880 Auto-purchases856 rentals

What can the pilot tell us?AnalysisAge of purchasesPrint availabilityTime of accessReader typeSubject areasFeedbackOver time, analyse repeat use of purchases

Feedback is problematic28Examples of usage of theology books

Auto-purchases in Philosophy & Theology

Reader departmentReader categoryAnalysis of auto-purchases by subjectTwo explanations more enthusiastic students in english and classics, or were the other subjects already better-supplied.31Analysis of rentals by subjectUsage example

E-book rented while print copy was on loanWhat do we know alreadyThe demand is thereWay of spending money very fastWay of satisfying reader needs very fastAvoids paying purchase price for books which may only be needed onceDifficult to limit by subject without putting in a lot more work on the profile

Accessibility versus availabilityDDA project moved 10,000 records from EBL catalogue to SOLOFull EBL catalogue accessible from OxLIP+ - 278686 titlesUniversity members already had free 10 minutes browse per title and a purchase request optionRequests over 2 years