MARTÍN URDIALES SHAW

De/mentes criminales: Edgar Allan Poe y Guy de Maupassant !"#$%"&'()*"(++(,'-()*%"*.!)*(./!+%)*0%.*12"%+!

RESUMEN:*3"*%.*4+%)%",%*(+,5&$.!*)%*(/!+0(*.(*&!"#$%"&'(*%",+%*%.*($,!+*"!+,%(6%+'&(7

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PALABRAS CLAVE:*9!%*A*D($4())(",G*+%.(,!*&!+,!G*&+'6%"*A*&!"B%)'N"G*6%",%*A*0%7

6%"&'(G*"(++(0!+%)G*O+%"!.!15(M*

A mi padre y a mi madre,

que habitan en mi corazón y en mi mente.

U()*)'6'.',$0%)*/'!1+KR&()G*'",%.%&,$(.%)*A*.',%+(+'()*%",+%*0!)*1+("0%)*%)&+',!+%)*0%.*)M*STS*%"*33MVVM*A*%"*O+("&'(G*301(+*8..("*9!%*A*C$A*0%*D($4()7)(",G*)!"*%.*4$",!*0%*4(+,'0(*0%.*4+%)%",%*%")(A!G*L$%G*%"*$"*6!-'6'%",!*&+5,'&!*L$%* '+K*6!-'2"0!)%*1+(0$(.6%",%*0%)0%*$"*4("!+(6(*1%"2+'&!*W(),(*&$.6'"(+*%"*$"*%),$0'!*&!64(+(,'),(*0%*0!)*)'1"'R&(,'-!)*+%.(,!)G*%X4.!+(+K*.()*'"#$%"&'()*,%6K,'&()G*B!+6(.%)G*A*"(++(,!.N1'&()*0%.*($,!+*"!+,%(6%+'&("!*)!/+%*%.*B+("&2)M

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

InterseXiones*FZ*\>7<;G*]=;]M**T^^_7];`;7;<`>a3 TPTbcZ*;\7;]7]=;=***8 39d8bcZ*;`7=]7]=;;

De/mentes criminales\<

(Q%"!*(*.!)*$)!)*A*&!),$6/+%)*%),(/.%&'0!);M*

8",%)* 0%* (+1$6%",(+* 4!+6%"!+'e(0(6%",%* .()* &.(-%)* .',%+(+'()* L$%*-'"&$.("* (*D($4())(",* &!"*9!%G* &!"-'%"%* +%&!+0(+* (L$5* &!6!* )%* '",+!0$&%* .(*!/+(* 0%.* %)&+',!+* "!+,%(6%+'&("!* %"*O+("&'(M*3)* W(+.%)*P($0%.('+%G* %.* f4!%,(*6(.0',!g*L$'%"*,+(0$&%*(.*B+("&2)*.!)*+%.(,!)*6K)*)'1"'R&(,'-!)*0%*301(+*8..("*9!%G*%"*$"(*4+'6%+(*%0'&'N"*0%*;<E\G Histoires ExtraordinairesG*L$%*+%h"%*;F*+%7.(,!)G*A*L$%*%)*&!64.%6%",(0(*%"*;<E`*&!"*Nouvelles Histoires Extraordinaires,

0!"0%*)%*'"&.$A%"*!,+!)*]FM*b(0!*L$%*D($4())(",*"!*W(/.(/(*'"1.2)G*%)*.N1'&!*4%")(+*L$%*)$*.%&,$+(*0%*9!%*)%*/()N*%"*%),()*,%64+("()]**%0'&'!"%)*I*,+(0$&&'!7"%)*0%*P($0%.('+%G*L$%G*&!"Q$",(6%",%G*+%4+%)%",(+!"*$"(*)'1"'R&(,'-(*4(+,%*0%*.(*4+!0$&&'N"*.',%+(+'(*0%.*%)&+',!+*"!+,%(6%+'&("!G*F\*0%**$"*,!,(.*0%*`F*+%.(,!)M

U(*(,%"&'N"*0%*D($4())(",*W(&'(*9!%*)%*+%#%Q(*A(*%"*(.1$"!)*(+,5&$.!)*0%*4+%")(G*0%* ,'4!* +%&%")'N"*!*&+N"'&(* .',%+(+'(G*L$%*%.*($,!+* B+("&2)*4$/.'&N*(*4+'"&'4'!)*0%*.(*02&(0(*0%*;<<=G*%"*0!)*+%-'),()G*Gil Blas y Le GauloisG*%"*.()*L$%*(4(+%&%+5("*,(6/'2"*6$&W!)*0%*)$)*4+'6%+!)*+%.(,!)M*3"*%.*%")(A!*,',$.(0!*fU%)*O!$.%)g*:los locos@*D($4())(",*&!64(+(*(*9!%*&!"*i!BB6("*%"*%),!)*,2+6'"!)Z*f%)!)*4)'&N.!1!)*%X,+([!)G*6%0'!*.!&!)G*R.N)!B!)*)'"1$.(+6%",%*)$,'.%)G*()5*&!6!*(.$&'"(0!)g*:Le GauloisG*]FMFM<]@*AG*$"*([!*6K)*,(+0%G*%"*)$*&!",+'/$&'N"*fU%*O(",(),'L$%g*:lo fantástico@G*-$%.-%*)!/+%*%)(*&!64(+(&'N"*()5Z*f)$*%X,+(!+0'"(+'!*4!0%+*(,%++(0!+*-'%"%*0%*%)(*W(/'.'0(0*)(/'(G*0%*%)(*6("%+(*4(+,'&$.(+*0%*+!e(+*.!* B(",K),'&!*A* 0%* '"&!6!0(+* (* ,+(-2)* 0%*W%&W!)*"(,$+(.%)* 0!"0%* )'"* %6/(+1!*L$%0(*(.1!*'"%X4.'&(/.%*A*&()'*'64!)'/.%g*:Le GauloisG*`M;=M<F@G*$"(*-(.!+(&'N"*&'%+,(6%",%*'",%+%)(",%G*%"*.!*L$%*,'%"%*0%*%X,%")'/.%*(*.(*&+%(&'N"*.',%+(+'(*0%.*4+!4'!*D($4())(",*%"*(.1$"!)*+%.(,!)*0%*%),!)*([!)G*L$%*&$.6'"(+5(*%"*)$*&2.%/+%*+%.(,!*.(+1!*0%*f4!)%)'N"g Le Horla*:;<<\Y*;<<`@M*U(*&!64(+(&'N"*&!"*i!BB6("*)%*+%4',%*%"*!,+!*%)&+',!*%"*%.*L$%*%.(/!+(*$"*4%+R.*0%.*4!%,(*8M M*^j'"/$+"%G*(.*L$%*D($4())(",*&!"!&'N*4%+)!"(.6%",%*0$+(",%*%.*+%,'+!*0%*2),%*%"*k,+%,(,*:_!+76("05(@Z*f4(+%&%*-'-'+*%"*$"*)$%[!*B(",K),'&!*&!6!*0%/'N*W(&%+.!*301(+*9!%*lmn*(6(*.!*)!/+%"(,$+(.G*.!*6(&(/+!G*.(*,!+,$+(G*.!*&!64.'&(0!G*,!0()*.()*(.,%+(&'!"%)*

;M*3"*%),(*(4+%&'(&'N"*)%*%),K*%"B(,'e("0!*$"(*0%,%+6'"(0(*4(+&%.(*0%* .!)* '",%+%)%)* .',%+(+'!)*0%.* B+("&2)M*3)&+'7,!+*6$&W!*6K)*4+!.5R&!*L$%*9!%G*%.*$"'-%+)!*.',%+(+'!*0%*D($4())(",*)%*%X,%"05(*(*!,+!)*()4%&,!)*6$A*0'-%+)!)G*+%.(,'-!)*(*.(*)!&'%0(0G*&$.,$+(G*A*.(*1$%++(*B+("&!74+$)'("(*0%*)$*,'%64!*:-2()%*V+0'(.%)G*D'..K"M*La Francia De-

cimonónica a través de los Cuentos de MaupassantM*P(+&%.!"(Z*99VG;>>F*A*a(6!)G*o!)2*D("$%.*pW,,4ZIIjjjM'%)X$"L$%'+(;M&!6I6($4())(",I3),(0'),'&()MW,6.q@]M*U(*&$%),'N"*)!/+%*&$(.*B$%*.(*4+'6%+(*.%"1$(*(*.(*L$%*)%*-%+,'N*9!%*"!*%),$-!*%X%",(*0%*4!.26'&(G*4$%)*&'+&$7.(+!"*+%B%+%"&'()*(*(.1$"!)*+%.(,!)G*)$4$%),(6%",%*0%*9!%G*4$/.'&(0!)*%"*SovremennikG*$"(*+%-'),(*+$)(G*W(&'(*;<F<7;<F>M*3"*.!)*([!)*\=G*r'..'(6*dM*P("0A*&!"),(,N*L$%*%)(*'"B!+6(&'N"*)%*W(/5(*+%4%,'0!*)'"*&!",+(),(+*A*"!*%"&!",+N*+%.(,!*(.1$"!*0%*9!%*%"*.()*6'&+!R&W()*0%*SovremennikG*&!"&.$A%"0!*L$%*B$%*%.*B+("&2)G*&!"*.()*0%*P($0%.('+%G*.(*4+'6%+(*.%"1$(*(*.(*L$%*9!%*B$%*,+(0$&'0!M*:P("0A*?7E@

Martín Urdiales Shaw \>

&%+%/+(.%)* lmn*4%+,%"%&%*(* %)(* +(e(*4(+,'&$.(+*0%*(.$&'"(0!)*0%* ,(.%",!G* &!6!*9!%G*i!BB6("*A*!,+!)g*:fUs8"1.(')*0sk,+%,(,gY*Le GauloisG*]>M;;M<]@M

3"*%),(*6')6(*%,(4(G*A*4+%&')(6%",%*%"*%),()*6')6()*+%-'),()G*D($74())(",*4$/.'&(*0!)*+%.(,!)*%"*.!)*L$%*W(A*+%B%+%"&'()*%X4.5&',()*(*"(++(0!+%)*!*4%+)!"(Q%)*0%*9!%G*A*.!*L$%*%)*6K)*)'1"'R&(,'-!*(h"G*%)*L$%*0'&W!)*+%.(,!)*H0%*B!+6(*6K)* !*6%"!)* -%.(0(J*4(+%&%"* %",+(+* %"* $"(* +%.(&'N"* '",%+,%X,$(.* &!"*(+1$6%",!)*!*4%+)!"(Q%)*0%*9!%M*8.*&!6'%"e!*0%*fU%*d'&g*:Le GauloisG*;<<?@G*D($4())(",*W(&%*%),(*0%)&+'4&'N"*'",+!0$&,!+'(*0%*0!)*4%+)!"(Q%)Z**

T.)*6%*R+%",*.s%BB%,*m*0%*4%+)!""(1%)*0s301(+*9!%*m*UsW!66%*2,(',*,+t)*1+("0*%,*6('1+%G*$"*4%$*-!u,2G*(-%&*0%)*&W%-%$X*,!$,*/.("&)G*,+!4*/.("&)*4!$+*)(*4WA)'!"!6'%*Q%$"%*%"&!+%Y*%,*'.*(-(',*0(")*)!"*(..$+%*%,*0(")*)(*4%+)!""%*m*&%,,%*,%"$%*($),t+%*L$%*1(+0%",*.%)*4+!,%),(",)M*U(*R..%mG*2,(',*4%,',%G*B!+,*6('1+%*($))'G*B!+,*4v.%G*(-%&*$"*('+*.()G*B(,'1$2G*(&&(/.2M*m*3..%*2,(',*())%e*Q!.'%G*&%,,%*%"B(",G*0s$"%*/%($,2*0'(4W("%*0s(44(+','!"M

Me parecieron … personajes de Edgar Poe … El hombre era alto y

delgado, algo encorvado, con el cabello completamente blanco, de-

!"#!$%&'!(%&)!*!&+(!&,"%(% -!&.%$!/-!&0%/1(2&3&"+&)*1"1('#!&.1(-!&

ese aspecto austero que conservan los protestantes. La hija … era

bajita, muy delgada también, muy pálida, con un aspecto hastiado,

cansado, abrumado. Era muy hermosa, esta niña, de una belleza diá-

fana como de aparición.

_!* %)*6'* '",%"&'N"* (W!+(* %",+(+* %"* ("K.')')* &!",+(),'-!)* 0%,(..(0!)G*4%+!*/(),%*0%&'+*L$%*%.*(+1$6%",!*0%*fU%*d'&g*%)*6$A*+%6'"')&%",%*0%*.(*4(+,%*R"(.*0%.*&!"!&'0!* +%.(,!*0%*9!%G*fdW%*O(..*!B* ,W%*i!$)%*!B*V)W%+gG*%"*%.*L$%*D(0%.%'"%*V)W%+*%)*%",%++(0(*f%"*-'0(g*4!+*)$*1%6%.!*%"*%.*4(",%N"* B(6'.'(+*)$/,%++K"%!*0%*.(*6(")'N"G*0%*0!"0%*.!1+(*%)&(4(+G*%")("1+%",(0(G*4(+(*+%&.(6(+*.(*-'0(*I*&(50(*0%*)$*W%+6("!*:A*&!"*2.G*.(*0%*.(*&()(*0%*V)W%+@*%"*$"(*%)&%"(*R"(.*0%*1+("*&(+1(*(.%1N+'&(M*3"*fU%*d'&g*!&$++%*%.*6')6!*f%",%++(6'%",!*%"*-'0(gG*A*D($4())(",*4(+%&%*+%&+%(+*)$4%+R&'(.6%",%*(.1$"!)*%.%6%",!)*1N,'&!)*0%.*+%7.(,!*0%*9!%Z*(.*'1$(.*L$%*.!)*V)W%+G*%.*4(0+%*A*.(*W'Q(G*0%*&.()%*(&!6!0(0(G*-'-%"*+%&.$'0!)*%"*$"*château A*.(*Q!-%"*+%(4(+%&%*%")("1+%",(0(*,+()*)$*,%++'/.%*.$&W(*4(+(*%)&(4(+*0%*.(*)%4$.,$+(M*86/!)*+%.(,!)*)%*/()("*%"*.(*&(,(.%4)'(G*!*&$(0+!)*620'&!)*(R"%)G*4%+!*()5*&!6!*%"*fV)W%+g*%.*%",%++(6'%",!*0%*D(0%.%'"%*4$%0%*

De/mentes criminales`=

.%%+)%*%"*&.(-%*)'6/N.'&(F*G*%"*fU%*d'&g*)'%64+%*%),K*&.(+!*L$%*%)*$"*,%++'/.%*%++!+*4+!4'&'(0!*4!+*$"*%X,+([!*&$(0+!*620'&!G*A*%.*4(0+%*L$%0(*0%)!.(0!*(",%*.(*:(4(7+%",%@*6$%+,%*0%*)$*W'Q(M*D($4())(",*"!*4+%,%"0%*0(+.%*"'-%.*)'6/N.'&!*(.1$"!*(*fU%*d'&gG*A*($"L$%*(6/!)*+%.(,!)*&!64(+,%"*"(++(0!+%)*0%*4+'6%+(*4%+)!"(G*%.*0%*9!%*%)*,%),'1!*4+%)%"&'(.*0%*.!)*W%&W!)G*6'%",+()*%.*0%*D($4())(",*%)&$&W(*$"(*W'),!+'(*+%,+!)4%&,'-(M*

3"*!,+!*+%.(,!*0%*D($4())(",G*fD(1"2,')6%g*:Gil BlasG*;<<]@G*$"*4%+7)!"(Q%*+(&'!"(.'),(*(.$0%*(*.!)*"(++(0!+%)*0%*9!%G*4(+(*/$+.(+)%*0%*.()*&+%%"&'()*0%*)$)*&!",%+,$.'!)*%"*%X4%+'%"&'()*4(+("!+6(.%)Z

c"*-'",*w*4(+.%+*0$*6(1"2,')6%G*0%)*,!$+)*0%*b!"(,!*%,*0%)*%X42+'%"7&%)*0$*0!&,%$+* W(+&!,M*lmn*V"*)%$.*)!$+'(',G*$"*-'1!$+%$X*1(+x!"*m*&W%e* L$'* $"%* '"&+!A("&%* w* ,!$,* )s2,(',* ("&+2%* )'* B!+,%6%",* L$s'.*"s(06%,,(',*6y6%*4!'",* .(*0')&$))'!"M* lmn* T.* +242,(',* %"* +'&("(",* Z*zb%)*/.(1$%)*{*0%)*/.(1$%)*{*lmn*DM* W(+&!,G*L$s!"*0',*y,+%*$"*+%6(+7L$(/.%*)(-(",G*'.*6%*B(',*.s%BB%,*0%*&%)*&!",%$+)*0(")*.%*1%"+%*0s301(+*9!|G*L$'*R"'))%",*4(+*0%-%"'+* B!$)*w* B!+&%*0%* +2#2&W'+*w*0s2,+("1%)*&()*0%*B!.'%}

Empezamos a hablar de telepatía, de los tours de Donato y de los ex-

perimentos del Dr. Charcot4. […] Uno sonreía, un joven enérgico …

cuya incredulidad acerca de todo eso era tan absoluta que ni siquiera

entraba en el debate […] Repetía divertido: “¡Tonterías!, ¡tonterías!,

… M. Charcot, de quien dicen es un gran sabio, me recuerda esos

narradores del género de Edgar Poe, que terminan por volverse locos

$1&.!(.%&*1415#%(!*&"%6*1&15.*!7%"&'!"%"&$1&8%'+*!9:&

FM*8*.(*.$e*0%.*B+%&$%",%*$)!*0%.*f0!/.%g*%"*3M8M9!%G*A*.(*&(+(&,%+'e(&'N"*&!64.%6%",(+'(*0%*.!)*1%6%.!)*a!0%+'&~*

A*D(0%.%'"%G*2.*f%"B%+6!g*0%*$"(*%X&%)'-(*(1$0%e(*)%")!+'(.*A*%..(G*4()'-(G*(4(+%",%6%",%*)!+0(*A*6$0(G*(.1$"!)*

&+5,'&!)*.%%"*fV)W%+g*&!6!*$"*-'(Q%*(.*'",%+'!+*0%*.(*6%",%G*%"*%.*L$%*)%*.'/+(*$"(*/(,(..(*0'(.N1'&(*%",+%*&!")&'%",%*

A*)$/&!")&'%",%G*!*/'%"*+(eN"*B+%",%*(*)'"+(eN"G*%"*.(*L$%*D(0%.%'"%*%),(+5(*()!&'(0(*(*.!*L$%*O+%$0*0%"!6'"(+K*%.*

fA!*+%4+'6'0!gG*($"L$%*W(A*!,+()*.%&,$+()*4!)'/.%)M

?M*o%("7D(+,'"* W(+&!,*:;<]E7;<>F@G*"%$+N.!1!*A*4+!B%)!+*0%*("(,!6!4(,!.!15(*B+("&2)G*&!")'0%+(0!*%.*4(0+%*0%*

.(*"%$+!.!15(*6!0%+"(*4!+*)$)*0%)&+'4&'!"%)*0%*4(,!.!15()*&!6!*.(*%)&.%+!)')*A*!,+()*0%*,'4!*"%$+!6!,!+*A*(,+!R()*

6$)&$.(+%)M*9%+!G*)'1"'R&(,'-(6%",%G* W(+&!,*,(6/'2"*%X4%+'6%",N*&!"*.(*W'4"!)')*%*'"-%),'1N*.(*W'),%+'(*:0%*(W5*.(*

(.$)'N"*0%.*4%+)!"(Q%@*&(64!)*%"*.!)*L$%*)$*.%1(0!*%)*6K)*&!",+!-%+,'0!M*�%K")%*&!6%",(+'!)*)!/+%*.(*0'B$)'N"*A*

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Martín Urdiales Shaw `;

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d(",!*fdW%*d%..7d(.%*i%(+,g*&!6!*fO!$�g*&!6'%"e("*%"*$"*,!"!*,("*)'6'.(+G*L$%*(*4+'6%+(*-'),(*4!0+5("*&!"B$"0'+)%*&!6!*-%+)'!"%)*0%*$"*6')6!*+%.(,!M*3"*.(*4+'6%+(*B+()%G*(6/!)*"(++(0!+%)*%),(/.%&%"*.(*4+%1$",(*+%,N+'&(*A*0%B%")'-(*H0'+'1'0(*(.* .%&,!+J*)!/+%* )$*&!+0$+(Z* f '%+,!Z*"%+-'!)!G*6$AG*6$A*"%+-'!)!*W%*%),(0!*A*)'1!*%),("0!G*4%+!*�0'+2')*L$%*%),!A*.!&!�**:ddi@G*f3),!A*

Martín Urdiales Shaw `E

.!&!�*c*)!.(6%",%*&%.!)!*�*�!*A(*"!*)2*"(0(G*4%+!*W%*)$B+'0!*W!++'/.%6%",%g*:fO!$�g@M*U(*&!"B%)'N"*0%*(6/!)*)%*%"&$%",+(*4$",$(0(G*&()'*%.*6')6!*"h6%+!*0%*-%&%)G*4!+*"$%-()* '",%+4%.(&'!"%)*(* .!)* .%&,!+%)G*%"* .!)*L$%*(6/!)*'")'),%"G*(* ,+(-2)*0%*4+%1$",()*+%,N+'&()G*%"*)$*&!+0$+(G*)'*/'%"* .(* Q$),'R&(&'N"*B$"&'!"(*0%*B!+6()*0'(6%,+(.6%",%*!4$%),()M*3.*"(++(0!+*0%*9!%*(0$&%*L$%*.(*0%6%"&'(*%)*'"&!64(,'/.%*&!"*)$*(&,$(&'N"*6%,N0'&(*%*'"B!+6(0(*:wise, knowY*4+$0%",%G*)(/%+@*6'%",+()*%.*0%*D($4())(",*)',h(*%)(*'"&!64(,'/'.'0(0*0%*.(*.!&$+(*&!"*.!*%6!&'!"(.*A*.!*'",$','-!*:jaloux, frénésieY*&%.!)!G*B+%"%)5@Z

“The Tell-Tale Heart” (1843) “Fou?” (1882)

fi!jG*,W%"G*(6*T*6(0�g*:]``@ fo%*B$)*Q(.!$X*(-%&*B+2"2)'%Y*6('*Q%*"%*)$')*4()*B!$Y*"!"G*&%+,%)G*"!"Mg**:\\@

f�!$*B("&A*6%*6(0M*D(06%"*~"!j*"!,W'"1mg*:]``@

f^$')7Q%*B!$�*H*_!"*g**:\\@

fr!$.0*(*6(06("*W(-%*/%%"*)!*j')%*()*,W')�MMMM*g*G*:]``@

f3,*,!$,*w*&!$4G*Q%*02-'"('{*o%*"%*)$')*4()*B!$M*o%*.%*Q$+%G*o%*"%*)$')*4()*

B!${g*:\\@

fTB*A!$*),'..*,W'"~*6%*6(0G*mg*:]<=@ fb',%)76!'G*)$')7Q%*B!$�gG**:\<Z*R"(.@

3"*%.*+%.(,!*0%*9!%*H&!6!*%"*!,+!)*0%*%),%*,'4!*&!"B%)'!"(.J*)%*4+!70$&%*$"(*%-!.$&'N"*%"*%.*%),(0!*("56'&!*0%.*"(++(0!+Z*0%)4$2)*0%*%X4!"%+*&!"*!+1$..!*%.*62,!0!*&+'6'"(.*(*.!)*.%&,!+%)G*L$%*)(/%*,("*4%+B%&,!*L$%*'"&.$)!*W(&%*4()(+*(*.(*4!.'&5(*(*.(*W(/',(&'N"*/(Q!*&$A()*,(/.()*!&$.,(*%.*&$%+4!G*%64'%e(*(*4%+&'/'+*%.*B(6!)!*A*%"'16K,'&!*f.(,'0!g*0%*$"*&!+(eN">G*&(0(*-%e*6K)*B$%+,%G*L$%*.%*..%-(*R"(.6%",%*(*&!"B%)(+*(*1+',!)*%.*0%.',!M*3.*&+5,'&!* W+'),!4W%+*P%"B%A*W(*0%)&+',!*&!"*4+%&')'N"* .()*4+'!+'0(0%)*0%.*"(++(0!+7&+'6'"(.*%"*%),%*A* +%.(7,!)*(R"%)Z*fdW%*d%..7d(.%*i%(+,gG*fdW%*P.(&~* (,g*("0*fdW%*T64g*(..*+%&!+0*(*&!"B%))'!"Ha perverse &!"B%))'!"*)'"&%*,W%*&+'6%)*j!$.0*!,W%+j')%*W(-%*/%%"*$"0%,%&,%0M*m*dW%*B%(+*!B* ,W%*&+'6'"(.)* ')*"!,*m*/%'"1*&($1W,G* it is the fear

of being misunderstood”*:P%"B%A*F`G*&$+)'-()*65()@M*3)*)'1"'R&(,'-!*!/)%+-(+*W(),(*L$2*4$",!*%),(*-(.!+(&'N"*0%*P%"B%A*)!/+%*%.*miedo a la incomprensión

>M*U%&,$+()*&+5,'&()*B+%&$%",%)*0%*fdW%*d%..7d(.%*i%(+,g*(4$",("G*"(,$+(.6%",%G*(*L$%*4$%0%*)%+*)$*4+!4'!*.(,'+*.!*

L$%*%.*"(++(0!+*4%+&'/%*&$("0!*)%*(1',(*A*L$%*"!*+%&!"!&%*&!6!*4+!4'!M*3"*%.*4.("!*)'6/N.'&!G*.(*&!"B$)'N"*%",+%*%.*

.(,'0!*0%*$"!*A*0%*!,+!*:L$2G*'+N"'&(6%",%G*0%).%1','6(*)$*'")'),%"&'(*'"'&'(.*%"*.(*&!+0$+(@*A*.(*0%)&!"!&'0(*+%.(&'N"*

%",+%*%.*"(++(0!+*("N"'6!*A*%.*f!.0*6("g*:,(6/'%"*("N"'6!@*)$1'%+%"*L$%*)%*,+(,(*0%*$"*+%.(,!*0%*("'L$'.(&'N"*0%.*

0!/.%*!*0%*$"(*4(+,%*0%.*A!G*&!6!*fr'..'(6*r'.)!"g*!*fdW%*O(..*!B*,W%*i!$)%*!B*V)W%+gM

De/mentes criminales`\

%)*%X,+(4!.(/.%*,(6/'2"*(.*"(++(0!+*0%*fO!$�gG*L$%*/$)&(*.(*(4+!/(&'N"*0%.*.%&7,!+*W(),(*%.*6')6!*A*0%.'+(",%*R"(.*0%.*+%.(,!G*0!"0%*,+()*W(&%+*&(%+*A*6(,(+*(.*&(/(..!*:(.*L$%*&+%%*!/Q%,!*0%*.(*4()'N"*0%*)$*(6(0(@*0')4(+(*,(6/'2"*(*.(*(6(7e!"(*&('0(G*6'%",+()*(4%.(G*4!+*h.,'6(*-%eG*(.*.%&,!+Z*fb%&'06%G*�%),!A*.!&!�g**:fb',%)76!'G*)$')7Q%*B!$�gY**\<G*R"(.@M

i(AG*4!+*h.,'6!G*$"(*)%+'%*0%*0%,(..%)*..(6(,'-!)G*A*+%.(,'-!)*(*.!)*4+!7.%1N6%"!)*0%*.!)*&+56%"%)G*L$%*(4$",("*(*(.1h"*,'4!*0%*'"#$%"&'(*H6K)*!*6%"!)*&!")&'%",%J*0%*fdW%*d%..7d(.%*i%(+,g*%"*.(*%)&+',$+(*0%*fO!$�gM*U(*B+'(.0(0*A*%.*0')'6$.!*&!"*L$%*(6/!)*"(++(0!+%)*(&,h("*4(+(*"!*.%-(",(+*)!)4%&W()*%"*)$)*-5&,'6()*%),K"*%X4+%)(0!)*%"*$"*,!"!*4+K&,'&(6%",%*'02",'&!M*cB+%e&!*(L$5*.!)*!+'1'"(.%)*A*)$*,+(0$&&'N"*(.*%)4([!.Z

“The Tell-Tale Heart” (1843) “Fou?” (1882)

fT*j()*"%-%+*~'"0%+*,!*,W%*!.0*6("*,W("*0$+'"1*,W%*jW!.%*j%%~*/%B!+%*T*~'..%0*W'6M**T*m*)4!~%*&!$+(1%!$).A*,!*W'6G*&(..'"1*W'6*/A*"(6%*'"*(*

W%(+,A*,!"%mg**:]``7<@

fo%*+2)!.$)*0%*6%*-%"1%+M*o%*B$)*0!$X*%,*4.%'"%*0s(,,%",'!"*4!$+*%..%M*o%*.$')*,%"0(')*.(*6('"*L$("0*%..%*(..(',*)($,%+*w*,%++%*(4+t)*)%)*&!$+)%)*

%BB+2"2%)mg*:\`@

(Nunca fui tan amable con el viejo

como durante la semana antes de

matarle. Le hablaba con optimismo,

llamándole por el nombre en un tono

jovial)

(Decidí vengarme. Fui dulce con

ella, colmándola de atenciones. Le

tendía la mano al desmontar, después

de sus desenfrenadas carreras)

DK)*)'1"'R&(,'-!*L$'eK*%)* .!*L$%* '")4'+(*(* .!)*"(++(0!+%)*(*&!6%,%+*%.*&+'6%"Z*"!*)%*,+(,(*,(",!*0%*.!*L$%*%"*R&&'N"*&+'6'"(.*)%*0%"!6'"(*%.*6N-'.*0%.*&+'6%"*:.!)*+%.(,!)*0'-%+1%"*%"*%),!G*4$%)*%"*fO!$�g*W(A*$"*6N-'.*&.(+!Z*.!)*&%.!)@G* )'"!*6K)*/'%"* .(*4+!-!&(&'N"G*6K)*!*6%"!)* '"6%0'(,(G*A* )'6'.(+6%",%*f'++(&'!"(.gG*(*4%+4%,+(+*%.*&+'6%"Z*.!)*!Q!)*(e$.%)*0%*.()*-'&,'6()M*3.*"(++(0!+*0%*fdW%*d%..7d(.%*i%(+,g*%X4.'&(Z*fT*,W'"~*',*j()*W')*%A%{*�%)G*',*j()*,W'){*i%*W(0*,W%*%A%*!B*(*-$.,$+%*H*(*4(.%*/.$%*%A%*j',W*(*R.6*!-%+*',g*(Creo que fue su ojo. Sí, eso

fue. Tenía el ojo de un buitre, un ojo azul pálido, como velado10)M*9!+*)$*4(+,%G*

;=M*3"*%),(*,+(0$&&'N"*L$'%+!*+%)4%,(+*.(*(6/'1�%0(0*0%*9!%Z*(.1$"()*,+(0$&&'!"%)*%)4%&'R&("*f-%.(0!*4!+*$"(*&(7

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%"*%.*!+'1'"(.M

Martín Urdiales Shaw ``

%.*"(++(0!+*0%*fO!$�gG*'",$A%*H!*)%*R1$+(J*%.*+%&W(e!*0%*)$*(6(0(*&$("0!*(.*(/+'+*2),(*.!)*!Q!)*$"(*6([("(G*f%"*%.*(e$.*4K.'0!*0%*)$*4$4'.(G**$"*(e$.*.5L$'0!*&!6!*%.*(1$(*m*4%+&'/5G*%)%*05(G*$"(*6'+(0(* '"0'B%+%",%*A*(4(1(0(*L$%*A(*"!*0%)%(/(*"(0(g (quand le bleu pâle de sa prunelle, ce bleu liquide comme de l’eau

se découvrait … Ce jour-là … j’aperçus une regard indifférent et morne qui ne

désirait plus rien)M*U()*'",%+4+%,(&'!"%)*)!/+%*%.*)'1"'R&(0!*0%.*!Q!*:%A%*�*T@*%"*fdW%*d%..7d(.%*i%(+,g*%),K"*A(*6$A*%),(/.%&'0()*4!+*.(*&+5,'&(;;G*4%+!*.!)*)'1"'R7&(0!)*&!"&+%,!)*0%.*&!.!+*(e$.*H4K.'0!*!*(&$!)!J*L$%*'"&',(*(*.!)*"(++(0!+%)*(.*&+'6%"*%"*%),!)*+%.(,!)G*A*L$%*D($4())(",*4(+%&%*,!6(+*4+%),(0!*0%*9!%G*)!"*6K)*%"'16K,'&!)G*A*L$'eK*4$%0%"*,%"%+*&!""!,(&'!"%)*2,"'&()*!*/'!1+KR&()M

V"*()4%&,!*..(6(,'-!*0%.*0%.'+'!*0%.*"(++(0!+*0%*fO!$�gG*%)*!/-'(6%"7,%G*L$%*%.*!/Q%,!*0%*)$)*&%.!)*)%(*$"*&(/(..!G*A*%.*W%&W!*0%*L$%*%"*.(*%"'16K,'&(*4%+)!"'R&(&'N"*L$%*W(&%*0%.*%L$'"!*&!6!*)$*+'-(.G*'"&.$)!*(.$0(*(*2.*&!6!*fU$'gG*&!"*%.%*6(Ah)&$.(M*U()*&!"%X'!"%)*(L$5*4$%0%"*)%+*6h.,'4.%)G*A*%),(+*+%.(&'!"(70()*&!"*.(*!/)%)'N"*0%*D($4())(",*4!+*.(*f4!)%)'N"g*A*f%.*c,+!g*%"*+%.(,!)*0%*%),(*24!&(*:*fU$'�g*A*fU%*i!+.(g@G*4%+!*L$'eK*"!*&!"-%"0+5(*'1"!+(+*.(*4!)'/.%*'"#$%"&'(*0%*$"*,%64+("!*+%.(,!*B(",K),'&!*I*.%1%"0(+'!*0%*9!%G*fD%,e%"1%+),%'"g*:;<F]@G*%"*%.*L$%*$"*"!/.%*Wh"1(+!*-%"1(*)$*4+!4'(*6$%+,%*+%1+%)("0!*0%.*6K)*(..KG*4(+(*f4!)%%+g*(*$"*&(/(..!*L$%*..%-(+K*(*)$*-%+0$1!*(*.(*)$A(G*%",+("0!*(.*1(.!4%*%"*$"*&(),'..!*%"*..(6()M*d(64!&!*W(A*L$%*!.-'0(+*L$%*%"*!,+!*&!"!&'0!*A*%"'16K,'&!* +%.(,!*0%*9!%G* fdW%*P.(&~* (,gG*$"*1(,!*"%1+!*0%)4'%+,(*%.*!0'!*()%)'"!*0%.*"(++(0!+G*L$'%"*&!6%,%*$"*$X!+'&'0'!*A*%)*R"(.6%",%*0%.(,(0!*4!+*.!)*6($..'0!)*0%.*("'6(.M

!6!*&!"&.$)'N"G*(4$",(+2*)'64.%6%",%*L$%*'"&.$)!*%"*.(*6%0'0(*%"*L$%*fdW%*d%..7d(.%*i%(+,g*A*fO!$�g*0%Q("*'"&N1"',()*R"(.%)*%"*,!+"!*(*.(*'0%",'70(0*0%*.()*-5&,'6()G*)!"*+%.(,!)*)%6%Q(",%)M*U(*1+("*4+%1$",(*%"*fdW%*d%..7d(.%*i%(+,g*%)*�L$'%"*%)*%.*f!.0*6("g*'""!6/+(0!�* !6!*)%*W(*(4$",(0!G*%)*&!6h"*.(*.%&,$+(*)'6/N.'&(*&!6!*0!/.%*0%.*"(++(0!+G*4%+!*&(/%"*!,+()*+%.(,'-()*(*.(*/'!71+(B5(*0%*9!%Z* .(*($)%"&'(*0%*$"(*R1$+(*4(,%+"(G*!* .(*4!)'/.%*%X'),%"&'(*0%*$"*(/$)(0!+*%"*)$*'"B("&'(*:%.*"(++(0!+*(4.(),(*(.*-'%Q!*&!"*.(*&(6(G*$"*!/Q%,!*6$A*(Q%"!*(*.(*R&&'N"*&+'6'"(.@G*%",+%*!,+()M*9!+*!,+!*.(0!G*%"*fO!$�gG*($"L$%*&!"!&%76!)*%.*6N-'.*0%.*&+'6%"G*.(*'0%",'0(0*0%*.(*f(6(0(g*L$%0(*%"-$%.,(*%"*6'),%+'!Z*%.*"(++(0!+*.(*0%)&+'/%*B+%&$%",%6%",%*6%0'(",%*R1$+()*(+L$%,54'&()G*&!6!*$"(*

;;M*3"*'"1.2)G*.(*W!6!B!"5(*%",+%*f%A%g*A*fTg*:A!@*(4!A(*.(*'",%+4+%,(&'N"*0%.*f!.0*6("g*&!6!*0!/.%*0%.*"(++(0!+Z*

%.*"(++(0!+*'")'),%*6K)*,(+0%*L$%*%"*.(*"!&W%*0%.*&+'6%"*.!*h"'&!*L$%*-%*%)*%.*!Q!G*'.$6'"(0!*4!+*$"*W(e*0%*.$e*L$%*

%",+(*4!+*$"(*+%"0'Q(*0%*.(*4$%+,(M*d+()*6(,(+*(.*-'%Q!G*%.*"(++(0!+*&!"R%)(G*(6/'1$(6%",%G*fi')*%A%*j!$.0*,+!$/.%*

6%*"!*6!+%gM

De/mentes criminales`<

femme fatale*!*$"(*W%&W'&%+(*A*%.*+%.(,!*W(*)'0!*'",%+4+%,(0!*%"*-(+'()*&.(-%)G*%"7,+%*.()*L$%*4$%0%*)%+*6$A*4.($)'/.%*L$%*"!*W(A(*$"(*'0%",'0(0*&!"&+%,(*)'"!*L$%*,!0!G*0%*4+'"&'4'!*(*R"G*)%(*$"*0%.'+'!*0%*6')!1'"'(Z*%.*"(++(0!+*&!6%,%*%.*&+'6%"*0')4(+("0!*(.*-'%",+%*0%*.(*6$Q%+M

V"'-%+)'0(0*0%*�'1!b4,!M*0%*O'.!.!15(*T"1.%)(G*O+("&%)(*A*8.%6("(

$+0'(.%)�$-'1!M%)*

Martín Urdiales Shaw `>

Bibliografía

P("0AG*r'..'(6*dM*fdW%*T"#$%"&%*("0*a%4$,(,'!"*!B*301(+*8..("*9!%*'"*3$+!4%Mg*P(.,'6!+%Z*dW%*301(+*8..("*9!%*^!&'%,A*!B*P(.,'6!+%G*;>\]M*;7;EP($0%.('+%G* W(+.%)M*Edgar Allan PoeM* :,+(0M* (+6%"* ^(",!)@M*D(0+'0Z*�')!+G*;>><MP%"B%AG* W+'),!4W%+M*f9!%*("0*,W%*V"+%(0(/.%Z*�dW%*P.(&~* (,s*("0*�dW%*d%..7d(.%*i%(+,sgM*New Essays on Poe’s Major TalesM*30M*�%""%,W*^'.-%+6("M* (67/+'01%Z* (6/+'01%*V"'-%+)',A*9+%))G*;>>FMO$)&!G*a'&W(+0M*;!+)!""!(.&!($&.<1&= 1*#'!(&><%*.&>.%*3?&@(4+1('1&%A&B%* &!.&the Turn of the Century.*9%"")A.-("'(*V"'-%+)',A*9+%))G*;>>?MC+(A)!"G*3+'~M*fr%'+0*^&'%"&%G*r%'+0%+*V"',AZ*9W+%"!.!1A*("0*9WA)'!1"!6A*'"*301(+*8..("*9!%gM*Mode ;G*]==E*:E\7``@*D($4())(",G*C$A*0%*;!$1 %#"1881&B#,&et autres nouvellesM*9(+')Z*D(X'7U'-+%)*9+!B+("&%G*;>><Mf9W+%"!.!1AMg*W,,4ZII%"Mj'~'4%0'(M!+1Ij'~'I9W+%"!.!1A9!%G*301(+*8..("M*Complete Stories & Poems.*b!$/.%0(AG*;><?M9!%G*301(+*8..("M*Poems and EssaysM*U!"0!"Z*oDMb%",*�*^!")G*;>]`*9!%G*301(+*8..("M*Selected WritingsM*i(+6!"0)j!+,WZ*9%"1$'"G*;>\`a(6!)G*o!)2*DM*jjjM'%)X$"L$%'+(;M&!6I6($4())(",I3),(05),'&()MW,6.Id(A.!+G*oMPM*In the Secret Theatre of Home: Wilkie Collins, Sensation Narrative

and 19th Century PsychologyM*U!"0!"Z*a!$,.%01%G*;><<MV+0'(.%)G*D'..K"M*La Francia Decimonónica a través de los Cuentos de Maupas-

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