SEMINAR ON

DENSITY BASED STRET LIGHT CONTROL USING SENSORS

Under the guidance of Mr.B.RAVINDRANATH, M.Tech

Presented by

G.PHANI KIRAN 07U11A0427 K.RAJU 07U11A0443 B.RAMESH 07U11A0416 CH.RAMANAIDU 07U11A0418 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 2010-2011

SAMSKRUTI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOG

APPROVED BY AICTE AFFLIATED TO JNT UNIVERSITY-HYD Ghatkesar, kondapur (ESTD-2005)

AIM:

The main aim of this project is to design Density Based street light controlling system.

PURPOSE:

The main purpose of our project “Density based Street Light controlling” is to control the switching of Street Lights automatically according to the density.

Whenever the traffic is less i.e., the density of traffic is less, there is

no need to street lights to be glow at maximum intensity. A minimum

level o f intensity of lights is enough to see the roads.

To develop the above system we are using Embedded systems.

MOTIVATION:

DESCRIPTION:

Mostly the roads are one way, so, it will be easy to

calculate

the no. Of vehicles entering into a particular length of road

and also that are leaving the road.

By this we can also calculate the total no. of vehicles that

are present

in Particular length o f the road. For this we are using IR

sensor. When an vehicle is entered on to the road the sensor

detects the vehicle.

Micro

controllerPOWER SUPPLY

STREET LIGHTS

LDR

SENSORS

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

HARDWARE USED: POWER SUPPLY MICROCONTROLLER IR TRANSMITTER PHOTO DIODE LDR LEDS

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:

POWER SUPPLY:

A d.c power supply which maintains the output voltage constant

Irrespective of a.c mains fluctuations or load variations is known

as “Regulated D.C Power Supply”

A 5V regulated power supply system as shown above.

MICRO CONTROLLER (AT89C51):

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit

microcontroller with 4K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory.

• The device is manufactured using Atmel's high-density non-volatile

memory technology.

Pin diagram of AT89C51:

Microcontroller heart

The Major Features:

•28 KB (3,710 words)

•4k Bytes of in-system Reprogrammable flash memory

•Fully static operation: 0HZ to 24MHZ

•Three level programmable clock

•128 * 8 –bit timer/counters

•Six interrupt sources

•Programmable serial channel

•Low power idle power-down modes

IR TRANSMITTER:

Here the IR transmitter is like a normal LED but transmits the IR signals.

These are infrared LEDs; the light output is not visible by our eyes. They

can be used as replacement LEDs for remote controls, night vision for

camcorders, invisible beam sensors, etc.

LDR:

LDR is a light dependent resistor which responses according to the external light source.

This can be used for switching purpose and to define day and night.

PHOTODIODE:

Here the photodiode is like a normal LED

but receives the IR signals.

A photodiode is a type of photo detector

capable of converting light into either current

or voltage, depending upon the mode of

operation.

LED:

Function

LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them.

Here, in this project the led are used as Streetlights.

SOFTWARE USED:

 

Keil software for C programming

Express PCB for lay out design

Express SCH for schematic design

OPERATION OF THE PROJECT:

The IR Transmitter will transmit the IR rays, if these are

not received by IR Receiver. Then it will be noticed that an obstacle will

be detected on the path of IR rays.

This indication will be given as input to the micro controller.

Whenever, this happens, the micro controller will increment the count of

the no. o f vehicles that are detected by IR sensors. And thus the street light

Switches accordingly.

APPLICATIONS:

This system is mainly designed, to apply this in real time power

saving applications in street lights, to reduce the power consumption

unnecessarily.

Here, in this system we are using the IR sensors and array of Led’s, interfaced with a micro controller.

Very less no. of components are using here, occupies less space and hence in real time application easily applicable very efficiently.

ADVANTAGES:

DRAW BACK: Whenever the vehicles pass with very high speed on the road,

the IR Sensor can’t detect the vehicles, the reason is that the IR ray

breakdown in its path can’t be identified.

Power consumption is more at every startup.

Future aspects:

The density based street light switching based on sensors is developed for

Reducing the power consumption and to save it.

However it can be enhanced in such a way that, by calculating the

particular time intervals and by interfacing integrated real time clock to

Microcontroller.

Also by calculating the carbon monoxide present in the atmosphere.

CONCLUSION:

The project “DENSITY BASED STREET LIGHT SWITCHING BASED

ON SENSORS ” has been successfully designed and tested.

Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing

technology the project has been successfully implemented.

Any queries……

Thank you……….