Design for ALL 1

Design for AllLecture Three

Vladimir Tomberg, PhD

Lesson Agenda

• Presenting results of homework: Finding the good examples

• Why Design for All is so important?• DfA, UD and ID movement and Legislation ACTS• Related ICT Specifications• Basic Principles• Design workshop on the base of the first

assignment

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WHY DESIGN FOR ALL IS IMPORTANT?

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Why it is Important for Government?

• Economical factors• No old-age pension in year 2030?• Long life learning

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Aging and Loss of Functionality

Source: Alex Zhavoronkov presentation (in Russian)

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Aging and Loss of Functionality

Source: Alex Zhavoronkov presentation (in Russian)

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DFA AND UD MOVEMENT AND LEGISLATION ACTS

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Thee Origins of Influences and Ideas

John Clarkson, P., Coleman, R., History of Inclusive Design in the UK, Applied Ergonomics (2013)

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UD INITIATIVES

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Example: Panasonic Universal Design Web Page

Web link: http://panasonic.net

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Example: Toyota Universal Design Web Page for Children

Web link: http://www.toyota.co.jp

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The Center for Universal Design (CUD)

Web link: http://www.ncsu.edu

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The Center for Universal Design (CUD)

• The Center For Universal Design is a national research, information, and technical assistance center that evaluates, develops, and promotes accessible and universal design in housing, buildings, outdoor and urban environments and related products.

Web link: http://www.ncsu.edu

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The Universal Design Principles Developed in CUD (downloadable by link)

Web link: http://www.ncsu.edu

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Example of UD: Smart HouseStunning Pull Out Dining Table

Source: www.nallau.com

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US Federal LegislationLegislative Act Year Context

The Architectural Barriers Act 1968 The physical design of the buildings and facilities they used on the job

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

1973 illegality to discriminate on the basis of disability (for federal agencies, public universities, and any other federal institutions)

The Education for Handicapped Children Act

1975 Equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities

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US Federal LegislationLegislative Act Year Context

The Fair Housing Amendments Act 1988 Required accessible units be created in all new multi-family housing

The Americans with Disabilities Act

1990 Prohibits discrimination in employment, access to places of public accommodation, services, programs, public transportation, and telecommunications

The Telecommunications Act 1996 Accessibility of all types of telecommunications devices and services, from telephones to television programming to computers

Section 508 Amendment to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

1998 eliminate barriers in information technology, to make available new opportunities for people with disabilities. The law applies to all Federal agencies when they develop, procure, maintain, or use electronic and information technology

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DFA INITIATIVES

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The European Design for All eAccessibility Network (EDeAN)

Web link: http://www.edean.org

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The European Design for All eAccessibility Network (EDeAN)

Web link: http://www.edean.org

• EDeAN was launched under the lead of the European Commission and the European Member States in 2002.

• It fosters Design for All for eInclusion, that is, creating an information society for all.

• It has national contact centers (NCCs) in almost all EU countries and more than 160 network members in national networks.

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EDeAN Goals

Web link: http://www.edean.org

• Input for European Curricula in Design for All• A forum for Design for All issues• Idea sharing through joint activities such as

conferences, symposia and exchanges of students and scholars.

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European Institute for Design and Disability

Web link: http://www.designforalleurope.org/

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EIDD

• EIDD - Design for All Europe is a self-financed European organization (originally set up in 1993) that covers the entire area of theory and practice of Design for All, from the built environment and tangible products to communication, service and system design

Web link: http://www.designforalleurope.org/

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Example of UD: City PlanningThe Hovenring, Netherlands

Source: www.huffingtonpost.ca

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Digital Agenda for Europe

Web link: http://ec.europa.eu

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The Digital Agenda Scoreboard

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EUROPEAN INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP ON ACTIVE AND HEALTHY AGEING

Source: ec.europa.eu

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EU Policy

Web link: ec.europa.eu

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Example of Not Intuitive Design

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EU LegislationLegislative Act Year Context

eEurope - an Information Society for All

1999 The initiative is launched by the European Commission to bring the benefits of the Information Society to all Europeans

eEurope 2002: Accessibility of Public Web Sites and their Content

2001 The aim is to make web sites more accessible to people with disabilities and older people.

Riga Ministerial Declaration 2006 The aim is to reduce the digital divide by 2010

European i2010 initiative on e-Inclusion - to be part of the information society

2007 The Commission's i2010 initiative prioritised e-Inclusion

Web link: ec.europa.eu

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EU LegislationLegislative Act Year Context

e-Inclusion policy 2008 Aims are ageing, eAccessibility, the broadband gap (digital divide), inclusive eGovernment, digital literacy and culture

UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was adopted

2009 The purpose of the Convention is to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity.

Proposal for a directive on the accessibility of the public sector bodies' websites

2012 Aim the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States on the accessibility of websites of public sector bodies.

Web link: ec.europa.eu

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UN Convention

http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/facts.shtml

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Standards Developed by ISO, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, and the International Electrotechnical Commission

• CEN/CENELEC Guide 6. Guidelines for standards developers to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities (Identical to ISO/IEC Guide 71, but free for download)

• These standards are still under development:– ISO 20282-1 – Ease of operation of everyday

products — Part 1: Context of use and user characteristics

– ISO 20282-2 – Ease of operation of everyday products — Part 2: Test method

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RELATED ICT SPECIFICATIONS

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W3C Web Content Accessibility Guide (WCAG)

• WCAG 1.0 - W3C recommendation on 5 May 1999

• WCAG 2.0 - W3C Recommendation on 11 December 2008

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W3C WCAG 2.0 Web Site

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/

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W3C WCAG

The WCAG documents explain how to make web content more accessible to people with disabilities. Web "content" generally refers to the information in a web page or web application, including:• natural information such as text, images, and

sounds• code or markup that defines structure,

presentation, etc.

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Four Basic Principles - POUR

• Perceivable• Operable• Understandable• Robust

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Basic Principles

• Perceivable– Provide text alternatives for non-text content– Provide captions and other alternatives for multimedia– Create content that can be presented in different ways, including by

assistive technologies, without losing meaning– Make it easier for users to see and hear content

• Operable– Make all functionality available from a keyboard– Give users enough time to read and use content– Do not use content that causes seizures– Help users navigate and find content

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Basic Principles

• Understandable– Make text readable and understandable– Make content appear and operate in predictable ways– Help users avoid and correct mistakes.

• Robust– Maximize compatibility with current and future user tools

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Who WCAG is for

• Web content developers (page authors, site designers, etc.)

• Web authoring tool developers• Web accessibility evaluation tool developers• Others who want or need a standard for web

accessibility

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Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA)

• WAI-ARIA, the Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite, defines a way to make Web content and Web applications more accessible to people with disabilities.

• It especially helps with dynamic content and advanced user interface controls developed with Ajax, HTML, JavaScript, and related technologies.

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WAI-ARIA 1.0 on W3C Web Site

http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/

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Problem

• No HTML mechanism exists to:– Identify the role of the DIV as a pop-up menu– Alert assistive technology when these elements

have focus– Convey accessibility property information, such as

whether the pop-up menu is collapsed or expanded– Define what actions can be formed on the element

other than through a device-dependent means through the event handler type (onmouseover, onclick, etc.)

http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/

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Accessibility Interoperability at a DOM Node without JavaScript

Source: http://www.w3.org

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Accessibility Interoperability at a DOM Node with JavaScript

Source: http://www.w3.org

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WAI-ARIA provides Web authors with the following

• Roles to describe the type of widget presented, such as "menu," "treeitem," "slider," and "progressmeter"

• Roles to describe the structure of the Web page, such as headings, regions, and tables (grids)

• Properties to describe the state widgets are in, such as "checked" for a check box, or "haspopup" for a menu.

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WAI-ARIA provides Web authors with the following

• Properties to define live regions of a page that are likely to get updates (such as stock quotes), as well as an interruption policy for those updates

• Properties for drag-and-drop that describe drag sources and drop targets

• A way to provide keyboard navigation for the Web objects and events, such as those mentioned above

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Harnessing the Potential of Accessibility Standards and Responsive Web Design Practices to Achieve Learning

Interoperability on the Level of the User Interface.

• Mohammad Al-Smadi, and Vladimir Tomberg. ICWL, volume 8167 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, page 294-305. Springer, (2013)

• In this paper where we propose reusing WAI ARIA with Adaptive Web Design practices to achieve better learning interoperability on the level of the user interface

PRINCIPLESThe First Look and Comparison

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Design for All Inclusive Design Universal DesignEquitable use Equitable Equity

Flexibility in use Flexible Flexibility

Simple and intuitive use Straightforward

Perceptible information Perceptible Perception

Informative Cognition

Preventative

Tolerance for error Tolerant Error-management

Efficiency

Stability/predictability

Low physical effort Effortless

ErgonomicSize and space for approach and use

Accommodating

Consistenthttp://www.edf-feph.org/Page.asp?docid=13390&langue=EN

http://www.sandiwassmer.co.uk/resources/the-ten-principles-of-inclusive-web-design/ Robert F . Erlandson, Universal and Accessible

Design for Products, Services, and Processes

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Principles of UD Illustrated

Source link: udlhcpss.files.wordpress.com

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The hierarchical structure of the universal design principles

Transcending principles• Equity

Process related principles• Flexibility• Error-management• Efficiency• Stability/predictability

Human factors principles• Ergonomic• Perception• Cognition

Hig

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More general More encompa-ssing

More detailed More narrowly defined More specific

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Homework

1. Finding the good HCI examples (two weeks)2. Essay (Deadline – December 10, 2013)3. The Individual/pair Design Project –

Opportunities and Threats workshop (Deadline – December 10, 2013)

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End of the Lesson