Determining key water metrics to design,evaluate and model urban infill optionsIntegrated Urban Water Modelling and Management at a range of scales
25 February 2020.Qld Water Modelling Network, Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre
Associate Professor Steven Kenway and team
Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland
Brisbane, Australia
Summary
1. Overview of Water-Energy-Carbon Group2. Infill Project (IRP4) with CRC Water Sensitive Cities3. The significance of scale in urban water modelling and
decision making.4. Reflections on “the pipeline”
(modelling and data in the science-to-policy process)
Our work and partnersUrban metabolism and water-energy nexus
• Beyond net zero water
Performance analysis at multiple-scales• Household, precinct, utility, city and economy scale
• Infill development
• Energy efficient water security evaluation
Water and electric utility integrated planning• Integrating renewable energy into utility operations
• Integrated systems (water-energy)
• Design Challenge and tournaments
• Optimisation
• Training (MIWM, MEUWE), capacity building and problem-solving
Metabolism to evaluate performance of urban water, energy, ghg emissions systematically
Kenway, 2013, The Water-Energy Nexus and Urban Metabolism - Connections in Cities . Urban Water Security Research Alliance, Technical Report 100. Link
Source: Source Healthy Waterways Ltd. ©
Urbanisation and water
Imported potable water
Associate Professor Steven KenwayDr. Marguerite Renouf, Nigel Bertram, Geoffrey London, and Team
Water Sensitive Outcomes for Infill Development (IRP4)
• >90% of
development.
• More runoff,
flooding.
• Hotter, less shade,
more air-
conditioning and
energy.
• Inadequate basis to
assess
performance.
• Limited new design
options
• Inadequate current
governance
arrangements.
See websiteInfill Project IRP4
AfterBefore
Urban infill design and performance analysis
Designs of urban typologies(drawings and plans)
Water sensitive performance framework
A/ Infill design
Dwellings Apartments Streets / public spaces
B/ Evaluation
C/ Performance analysis (all water, storage, heat).
*acknowledgement to Nigel Bertram, Geoffrey London, Oscar Sainsbury for typologies.
Evaluation process (report and method /
tool) for consultation available
on CRC IRP4 website
Infill Performance Evaluation Framework…using mass balance
Identify performance attributes
(water, heat, amenity)
1
Understand links between
‘design’ and ‘performance’2
Model how design variables
influence attributes3
Quantify performance
indicators4
Our process
Explore how performance
evaluation can help better
design
5
Water
Heat
Amenity
Source: Renouf et al., Infill Performance Evaluation Framework (Unpublished draft for Consultation).
CRC for Water Sensitive Cities. https://watersensitivecities.org.au/content/project-irp4/
What is the “system” we assess?
Storage/Recycle
Depth = 1 m
We undertake a mass balance analysis for a
three-dimensional boundary, including the top
1m of soil….this is essential for analysing how
this “entity” (the development), interacts with
all flows of water. This is essential for water
performance analysis of design.
Other approaches balance….
Two-dimensional
spacePipes
CatchmentsNetworks
(Supply/Demand)
Radio National recording on water
metabolism and mass balance PodcastGroundwater
Urban water models…. flows, technologies and performance at scale…and importance of system boundary
PET
SWREC
CWW
RWHSWH
WW
reuse EA
Green
roofs
Permeable
pavements VC
TPIE
CCSF
UFWP
SitePrecinct
CityOther
MIKE URBAN 2009 a M I
SWMM 2010 b M I
MUSIC 2014 cM, H, D,
AI
CityDrain3 2016 d M I
Sobek-Urban 2018 e M I
Urban Developer 2011 f M UC
Aquacycle 2001 g D UC
UVQ 2005 h D UC
UWOT 2008 i D N
City Water Balance 2010 j D city
WaterCress 2011 k RB M, D I
WaterMet2 2015 l D, A I
WABILA 2016 m 3 Aurban
entity
CWBM 2018 n 3 H city
UMEF4Water 2018 o, u Aurban
entity
DAnCE4Water 2017 p 1 A city
DUWSiM 2013 q 2 D city
UrbanBEATS 2013 r 1 M I
Envision Scenario
Planner2016 s A
urban
entity
Adaptation Planning
Support Tool2016 t
A
urban
entity
Suitable method DUrban
entity
Urban
water
mass
balance
Integrated
Urban
Water
System
models
Urban
design
Performance Spatial scale
Temporal
scale
System
boundary
Urban
drainage
Category Method Year Ref
Urban water cycle flows Mitigation opportunities (Technologies)
Mojtaba Moravej (in submission), not for use or citation.
Niloo Tara PhD (in submission), not for use or citation.
Stormwater runoff in Brisbane- Bulimba Creek is increasing.
Quantification methods used across scales….Least cost analysis and MACC (at utility and city scale)….city scale options is often cheaper
than utility scale when energy is considered
House Scale Material flow analysis (shows
significant (50%) household energy can be influenced by water)
Evidence of impact and benefits for the business
case for change..
Population
Energy
Land Use
Tenure
Water use
GIS enabled models to Connect top-down and bottom-up data, information and tools for
customised information
Lam, K.L., S.J. Kenway and P.A. Lant (2017) City-scale analysis of water-related
energy identifies more cost-effective solutions. Water Research 109, 287-298
Kenway, S.J., R. Scheidegger, T.A. Larsen, P. Lant, and H.P. Bader,
(2013). Water-related energy in households: a model designed to
understand the current state and simulate possible measures: Energy
and Buildings. 58: p. 378-389
Bors, J 2018, PhD thesis
84.6hw shower
41.4hw bath
0hw cloth
33.5hw taps
0hw dish washer
63.3cw shower
39.1cw bath
66.3cw cloth
42.5cw taps
18cw dish washer
0cw outdoor
67cw toilet
13.9cw kettle
0cw aircon
160cw to strorage
148Ww shower
80.5Ww bath
66.3Ww cloth
76Ww taps
18Ww dish
67ww toilet
470Cw HH
456Ww HH
Shower
Bath
Clothes washer
Taps indoor
Dish washer
Outdoor use
Toilet
Kettle
Aircon
Other energy use
Hot water system
Water supply Energy supply Waste water
National / Economy Scale… Industrial Ecology Virtual Laboratory (IELab)…what is it?
2214 regions and 1284
sectors
Collaborative system for
analysis.
Accounts
Regions RoA RoA BM W B DD SW FY CW MK NO FN NW RoW RoA BM W B DD SW FY CW MK NO FN NW
Entities I C I I I I I I I I I I Exp
Dim 109 109 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Accounts Regions Entities Dim No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Rest of Australia Industries 109 1
Rest of Australia Commodities 109 2
Moreton-Brisbane Industries 107 3
Wide Bay-Burnett Industries 107 4
Darling Downs Industries 107 5
South West Industries 107 6
Fitzroy Industries 107 7
Central West Industries 107 8
Mackay Industries 107 9
Northern Industries 107 10
Far North Industries 107 11
North West Industries 107 12
Rest of World Imports 1 13
Rest of Australia 5 14
Moreton-Brisbane 5 15
Wide Bay-Burnett 5 16
Darling Downs 5 17
South West 5 18
Fitzroy 5 19
Central West 5 20
Mackay 5 21
Northern 5 22
Far North 5 23
North West 5 24
Households, Gov't, Fixed capital, Increases in inventories
Inte
rmed
iate
dem
and
Prim
ary
inpu
ts
Intermediate demand Final demand
Wage
s&sa
larie
s
Gros
s Ope
ratin
g Su
rplu
s
Net t
axes
on
prod
uctio
n
Net t
axes
on
prod
ucts
Decr
ease
s in
inve
ntor
ies
Qld = highest resolution
Cloud-based, high-resolution MRIO (Financial core, with GHG, water, energy and
emerging satellite “satellite” accounts”. Unprecedented capacity internationally
for economic/footprint/LCA/social impact analysis…….a modelling system for
building models spanning a range of sectoral, spatial, economic, social and
environmental/resources scales. Data integration, balancing and harmonization.
Lenzen, M., A. Geschke, T. Wiedmann, J. Lane, A. Neal, T. Baynes, J. Boland, P. Daniels, C. Dey, J. Fry, M. Hadjikakoub, S. Kenway, A. Malika, D. Morang, J. Murray, S. Nettleton, L. Poruschii, C. Reynolds, H. Rowley, J. Ugonj, D. Webb, and J. West, (2014). Compiling and using input-output frameworks through collaborative virtual laboratories. Science of the Total Environment. ERA 2010-A, IF 2012-3.3.
Water data
Account ABS 4610.0 Water
Account, Australia
ABS 4618.0 Water Use on
Australian Farms
BOM National
performance report
database
Data
available
year
2001-2017
1994-1997
2002/03 – 2014/17 2005-2017
Spatial
resolution
State
Australia
Natural resources
management (NRM) region,
SA4 region, Murray Darling
Basin (MDB) region, State,
Australia
Water utility service
providing region,
State, Australia
Sectorial
resolution
9 sectors (The sectors
vary in different year)
14 sectors (The sectors vary in
different year)
3 sectors
(Residential, Industry
& Commercial,
Agriculture)
Source of
water
3 types (self-
extracted,
distributed and
reused) by State/
Australia
7 types (e.g water extracted
form rive, from irrigation
pipeline, groundwater, etc) by
NRM/ SA4/ State/ Australia.
4 types (Surface
water, Groundwater,
Desalination,
Recycled water)
Geographical coverage of the urban water utilities reporting to the
Urban national performance report and database [source: (BOM
2018)].
Water Quantifying inter-regional and inter-sector water flows (IELab).
State level data was segregated to Greater capital cities and Rest of states
based on the constraint data from ABS 4618 and BOM data.
Noyon Islam in press
waterentre.org
AWDO 2020 Interim report meeting– KD3 Urban Water Security – 15 August 2019
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Bangladesh
Nepal
Philippines
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Kiribati
Myanmar
Papua New Guinea
Vanuatu
Cambodia
Micronesia, Federated States of
Mongolia
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Sri Lanka
Thailand
India
Indonesia
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Nauru
Samoa
Bhutan
China, People's Republic of
Tajikistan
Viet Nam
Fiji
Marshall Islands
Uzbekistan
Maldives
Tuvalu
Azerbaijan
Cook Islands
Tonga
Kyrgyz Republic
Georgia
Japan
Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Armenia
Korea, Republic of
Niue
Palau
Malaysia
New Zealand
Australia
Brunei Darussalam
Hong Kong, China
Singapore
Urban Water Security Indicator
Water Supply Index Wastewater Index
Drainage Index River Health Index
Urban Water Security Index (2016 Updated)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Bangladesh
Nepal
Philippines
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Kiribati
Myanmar
Papua New Guinea
Vanuatu
Cambodia
Micronesia, Federated States of
Mongolia
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Sri Lanka
Thailand
India
Indonesia
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Nauru
Samoa
Bhutan
China, People's Republic of
Tajikistan
Viet Nam
Fiji
Marshall Islands
Uzbekistan
Maldives
Tuvalu
Azerbaijan
Cook Islands
Tonga
Kyrgyz Republic
Georgia
Japan
Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Armenia
Korea, Republic of
Niue
Palau
Malaysia
New Zealand
Australia
Brunei Darussalam
Hong Kong, China
Singapore
Urban Water Security Indicator
Water Supply Index Wastewater Index
Drainage Index River Health Index
Urban Water Security Index (2016 Updated)
Guiding ~5B$/a urban water investment
International Scale…Urban Water Security Analysis (Asian Water Development Outlook 2016, 2020), ADB
CRICOS code 00025B
URBAN DESIGN CHALLENGEWATER AND ENERGY SYSTEMS INTEGRATION
22-26 June 2020, The University of Queensland, St Lucia
• Build cross-disciple links and industry connections.
• Network with mentors, judges, presenters.
• Build applied knowledge for a critical issue .
• Compete for cash ($2000 total) and other prizes.
• Have fun!
Register online by 24 May 2020https://www.stickytickets.com.au/92431
Proudly supported by:
Workbooks.
Scenarios and
technical solutions
Options and
templates
Score sheets and
voting.
Industry
engagement
and guidance
Lego! aerial
photos and digital
resources
Reflection on the “pipeline”
Scattered information (local, state,
federal)…makes integrated analysis
challenging.
How well does our monitored data match modelled predictions? And what feedbacks
exist?
There is often a lot of focus on the “tool” and less on how it will
be used/when/by who and at what scale.
How “robust” is our overall
science-to-policy process in urban
water? Is it improving? How
do States compare? What
can QWMN do to strengthen this?
Conceptual framing is vital…what boundary of “system” is being assessed? And with
what indicators?
Yes…lots more needed. Partnerships to span government, science,
industry.
How interoperable or interconnected are our tools?
Thanks to Water-Energy-Carbon team and supporters
Noyon Nazmul
More information?:
Papers, reports, projects: websiteawmc site
A/Prof Steven KenwayResearch Group Leader
Water-Energy-Carbon
The University of Queensland
Email: [email protected]
Marguerite Renouf Steven Kenway Julie Allan
Beata Sochacka
Mojtaba MoravejNiloo Tara
Alice Strazzabosco
Reba Paul, Tomas Brag, Steve Conrad
Maria Jawad and Others
Meena Surendran
Publications / selected reading (Infill/IRP4)• Marguerite R, Sochacka, B, Kenway, S Lam, K-L, Neumann, S, Morgan, E and Choy D. (2017). Urban metabolism for planning water
sensitive city-regions Proof of concept for an urban water metabolism evaluation framework B1.2 Report. https://watersensitivecities.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Milestone-Report-Urban-metabolism_FINAL-1.pdf
• Renouf, M.A., Kenway, S.J., Serrao-Neumann, S., Low Choy, D. (2016). Urban metabolism for planning water sensitive cities: Concept for an urban water metabolism evaluation framework. Melbourne, Australia: Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities. https://watersensitivecities.org.au/content/urban-metabolism-for-planning-water-sensitive-cities-concept-for-an-urban-water-metabolism-evaluation-framework-project-b1-2
• Renouf, M.A., Kenway, S.J., Lam, K.L., Weber, T., Roux, E., Serrao-Neunann, S., Low Choy, D. and Morgan, E. (2018) Understanding urban water performance at the city-region scale using an urban water metabolism evaluation framework. Water Research, 137: 395-406
• Renouf, M. A., et al. (2017). Urban water metabolism indicators derived from a water mass balance. Bridging the gap between visions and performance assessment of urban water resource management. Water Research 122: 699-677.
• Farooqui, T.A., M.A. Renouf and S.J. Kenway (2016) A metabolism perspective on alternative urban water servicing options using water mass balance. Water Research 106, 415-428.
• Renouf, M.A. and S.J. Kenway (2016) Evaluation Approaches for Advancing Urban Water Goals. Journal of Industrial Ecology.
• Kenway, S.J., A. Gregory, and J. McMahon, (2011). Urban Water Mass Balance Analysis. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 15(5): p. 693-706.
• Serrao-Neumann, S., M. Renouf, S.J. Kenway and D. Low Choy (2017) Connecting land-use and water planning: Prospects for an urban water metabolism approach. Cities 60, 13-27.
• Renouf, MA, Sochacka, B, Kenway, SJ, Lam, KL, Serrao-Neumann, S, Morgan, E, Low Choy, D (2017) Urban metabolism for planning water sensitive city-regions. Proof of concept for an urban water metabolism evaluation framework. Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Australia: Available from https://watersensitivecities.org.au
• S.J. Kenway and P.A. Lant (2017) City-scale analysis of water-related energy identifies more cost-effective solutions. Water Research 109, 287-298.
• Serraao-Neumann, S., Rernouf, M., Morgan, E., Kenway, S. J. & Low Choy, D. under review. Urban water metabolism information for planning water sensitive city-regions. Land Use Policy.
• Renouf, M. A., Sainsbury, O., Lam, K. L., Bertram, N., Kenway, S. & London, G. (2019). Quantifying the hydrological performance of infill development OzWater 2019.
• Kenway, S. J., Lam, K. L., Sochacka, B. & Renouf, M. A. (2019). Integrated urban water systems (Chapter 15). In: Newton, P., Prasad, D., SPROUL, A. & WHITE, S. (eds.) Decarbonising the Built Environment: Charting the Transition Palgrave Macmillan
• King, S., Kenway, S. J. & Renouf, M. A. under review. How has Urban Water Metabolism Been Communicated? Perspectives from the USA, Europe and Australia. Water Science and Technology.
