Development and Feasibility Test of Wind Powered...

Development and Feasibility Test of Wind Powered Street Light Specially Designed for Coastal Road

March 21st, 2013

Jang-Ho Lee

Young-Jin Woo

Ji-Hyun Lee

Ki-Weon Kang

CUWES, Kunsan National University, Korea

1. Introductions for wind powered street light

2. Design and development

3. Feasibility study of Wind Powered Street Light

4. Summary and Conclusions

Contents

1. Introductions for wind powered street light

2. Design and development

3. Feasibility study of Wind Powered Street Light

4. Summary and Conclusions

Introductions

3

Wind Powered Street Light

Wind street light commercial design according to the request of the family compnaies

• Wind solar hybrid street light

• Selected for 2010 Korea design membership

• Design patent registration (10-2010-00552895)

Design Methodology: Design for Six Sigma(DMADV: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify)

Concept: Key word extraction in the ocean by the city, eco-friendly, seagulls

Production Process: Ideation(2D Drawing, Rendering & Simulation), 3D Prototype(1/10 scale)

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Pow

er [W

]

K company 200W

H company 300W

K company 3000W

H company 15000W

Many small wind turbine shows very poor capacity factor in the condition of ordinary low wind speed because of their high rated wind speed not matched with wind energy potential à too long period to get pay back

Small wind turbine: high cost, poor pay back, noise à What, why, how ????

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Pow

er [W

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Wind speed [m/s]

K company 3000W

CUWES design 600W

Bieung-do Park 600W

Small wind turbine system can be cost effective when large amount of same system are installed in the place of being enough wind all the time

àCoastal road : enough wind+

àStreet light: at every10 or 15 m along road

= Wind powered street light for coastal road

6

Small wind turbine system can be cost effective when large amount of same system are installed in the place of being enough wind all the time

àCoastal road : enough wind+

àStreet light: at every10 or 15 m along road

= Wind powered street light for coastal road

Design & development-Beauty design-Technical design-Development specifications

Design & development-Beauty design-Technical design-Development specifications

7

Design concepts of Wind Powered Street Light(beauty, low noise, safety, performance, cost)

• BEAUTY system in the place of being wind all the

time

• Low Noise ▶ 50dB ↓

à low rotational speed ▶ 300RPM

• Higher capacity factor ▶ 15% ↑

à low rated wind speed ▶ 9m/s

à higher blade efficiency ▶ 40% ↑

• Lower power lamps

à 120W+80W LED lamp for 10-hours

• stable lighting and low cost

à grid connection system instead of battery

• BEAUTY system in the place of being wind all the

time


à low rotational speed ▶ 300RPM

• Higher capacity factor ▶ 15% ↑

à low rated wind speed ▶ 9m/s

à higher blade efficiency ▶ 40% ↑

• Lower power lamps

à 120W+80W LED lamp for 10-hours

• stable lighting and low cost

à grid connection system instead of battery

• Sketches

Beauty design of Wind Powered Street Light

Beauty design of Wind Powered Street Light• 3D Drawing

Design of Wind Powered Street Light• 3D Modeling

Technical design of Wind Powered Street Light

600

700


• Low Rotational Speed ▶ 300RPM

• Low Rated Wind Speed ▶ 9m/s

• Blade Efficiency ▶ 40% ↑

• High Capacity Factor ▶ 15% ↑

• Urban Wind Power System

• 200W LED Light 10-hour Operation

Technical Developments of Wind Powered Street Light

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er [W

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Wind Speed [m/s]

Development

Origin

• Airfoil design purposes ü Low noiseü High efficiencyü Economics

• New Airfoil KA2

Specification Characteristics

Max lift coefficients 14

Max drag coefficients 3

Chore length 10cm

Max thickness ratio 14%

Camber 4.4%


• Airfoil design purposes ü Low noiseü High efficiencyü Economics

Camber position 37%

3

21 AVCPower Pr=

• Cp = 0.4

• V = 9m/s

• 600W Class

• λ=4 , ω=40rad/s (382rpm)

• R = 1m

• Blade length : 0.96m

• Hub : 0.19m

• Rotation diameter :2m

• Blade Design Objective


• Blade length : 0.96m

• Hub : 0.19m

• Rotation diameter :2m

Given Condition Assumed Condition Cal. ConditionDia. (m) 2.2 Blade number 3 Raidus 1

V1(m/sec) 9 αA(deg) 12 Ω(rps) 32λ 4 Hub_dia 0.2 RPM 305

Segment 15 Hub_radii 0.1 CL1Thickness 0.02000 CL2 1.12

Dr 0.067 CL3Cd 0 Length 0.9

Thickness ratio 0 Fst 155.86

• Blade B.E.M


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λ

• Blade Design Change Process

3. Development of Wind Powered Street Light

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7

Version Characteristics Improvement

V1

⦁KA1 30% (root)

+ KA2 70% (tip)

two airfoil blade

⦁KA1 part

Convex pops

⦁Blade design after hub connection

⦁Did not consider the tip shape

⦁Airfoil 15 section1→2 Hub connections

1→2 Smoothly connect hubs and blades

V2

⦁Not smooth blades and hub connections

⦁Did not consider the tip shape

⦁Airfoil 15 section 2→3 Hub shape change - Rectangle

2→3 Hub airfoil 1 section remove

V3

⦁Gentle hub connection

⦁Hub shape change

⦁Airfoil 14 section3→4 Low noise design

3→4 Hub, tip shape change the airfoil relocation

V4

⦁ Not smooth connection due to the relocation of the

airfoil

⦁Noise design

⦁Airfoil 15 section

4→5 apply KA2 Airfoil 100%

4→5 Blade protruding part to improve

4→5 tip shape change

V4

⦁ Not smooth connection due to the relocation of the

airfoil

⦁Noise design


4→5 apply KA2 Airfoil 100%

4→5 Blade protruding part to improve

4→5 tip shape change

V5

⦁KA2 100%

single airfoil blade

⦁single airfoil blade

⦁Noise design


5→6 Noise design (Ref. wind turbine noise)

5→6 Hub airfoil 1 section removed after hub connections

5→6 Airfoil connected smooth linearization

V6

⦁Low noise blade


⦁KA2 original airfoil Application6→7 Aerodynamic and structural design

6→7 Feasibility review

6→7 Trailing edge_R1.2 airfoil ApplicationV7

⦁KA2_TE_R1.2 airfoil Application


⦁tip, root, hub all part feasibility review

Development of Wind Powered Street Light • Specification of Wind turbine Street Light

Items SpecificationsRated Output 600WBlade Radius 1.05m

RPM 300rpmRated Wind Speed 9m/s

Yawing System Free YawingOver Speed Control Dump Load Control, Folding of Tail Wing

Maximum Wind Speed 20m/sMaterial of Blade Glass Fiber

Tower Height 11mMaterial of Tower ss400Applicable lamp 120W + 80 W LED lamp

Feasibility study-Bieung park, Gunsan, Korea-MASDAR city, UAE-Comparisons with other wind turbines-Field test results with commercial prototype

Feasibility study-Bieung park, Gunsan, Korea-MASDAR city, UAE-Comparisons with other wind turbines-Field test results with commercial prototype

21

Bieung park(wind farm), Gunsan, Korea• Wind Energy Potential Analysis

Place to Acquire Wind Data: South Korea, Gunsan, Bieung-do(35°57'40.52"N, 126°31'21.79"E)

Measurement Period: January 1, 2008 - December 29, 2008 (321day)Gunsan wind power plants stored in one year's Wind Energy Potential Analysis

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Probab

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[-]

Weibull distributionEnergy density

Shape factor: 1.99Scale factor: 4.5

Bin ofWind speed Frequency Probability

densityWeibull

distribution Energydensity

[m/s] [-] [-] [-] [W/m²]0.5 7 0.000 0.0496 0.001.5 4968 0.107 0.1332 0.282.5 13445 0.291 0.1812 1.733.5 8798 0.190 0.1880 4.944.5 7013 0.152 0.1627 9.085.5 4290 0.093 0.1215 12.38

Wind potential in Bieung-park, Korea shows 3.1m/s of most probable wind speed, 4.0 m/s of mean wind speed, and 6.6 m/s of maximum wind energy speed

Bieung park, Gunsan, Korea

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Wind speed [m/s]

5.5 4290 0.093 0.1215 12.386.5 3248 0.070 0.0796 13.397.5 2122 0.046 0.0462 11.958.5 1407 0.030 0.0240 9.019.5 768 0.017 0.0111 5.83

10.5 152 0.003 0.0046 3.2811.5 22 0.000 0.0017 1.6212.5 13 0.000 0.0006 0.7013.5 3 0.000 0.0002 0.27Total 46256 0.000 74.46

Bin ofwind speed Frequency Power Accumulated

powerAccumulated

powerCapacity

factor[m/s] [-] W W*10minute kWh/year kWh/day %0.5 7 0.0 0.0 740.61 2.31 16.011.5 4968 0.0 0.02.5 13445 5.2 69839.93.5 8798 20.0 175565.54.5 7013 54.5 382416.85.5 4290 121.7 522024.86.5 3248 237.4 770996.77.5 2122 420.8 892839.7

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Weibull distributionEnergy densityPower

• Capacity Factor and Accumulated Power

Bieung park, Gunsan, Korea

7.5 2122 420.8 892839.78.5 1407 694.2 976681.39.5 768 698.3 536316.510.5 152 619.6 94180.411.5 22 600.0 13200.012.5 13 600.0 7800.013.5 3 600.0 1800.0Total 46256 4443661.6

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Applied bieung-do wind energy CUWES design curve

• Measurement Location

MASDAR city, UAE

Altitude: 7m(ASML)Date: Jan to Dec 2011Measured Values:Tamb. - Ambient Temperature in °C, measured with Campbell Sci. CS215, accuracy: ±0.4°C (for T > +40°C: ±0.9°C)Rel. Hum. - Relative humidity in %, measured with Campbell Sci. CS215, accuracy: ±2% (over 10-90%, 0-100%: ±4%)Wind Speed - Wind speed in m/s, measured with NRG 40C Anemometer, accuracy: <0.1 m/s (within 5 to 25 m/s)Wind Dir. - Wind direction in °N (to East), measured with NRG 200 Wind Direction SensorWind Gust - Maximal wind speed of gusts, taken from wind speed

Measurement Place: Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE(7m height ) (24.41973N: 54.6128E)

Measurement period: January 1st, 2011 ~ December 31st, 2011(365day)

Converting Data: 10m Wind DirectionsOriginal: 7m

Mean wind speed is around 3.21m/s at 10m of height with major wind direction of NNW.

Frequency 52560

Average 3.10

Max. 13.95

Min. 0

Frequency 52560

Average 3.21

Max. 14.45

Min. 0

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Shape factor: 1.67Scale factor: 3.8

Bin ofWindspeed

Frequency Probability density

Weibulldistribution

Energydensity

[m/s] [-] [-] [-] [W/m²]0.5 9783 0.186 0.1092 0.011.5 8205 0.156 0.1908 0.392.5 8735 0.166 0.2020 1.933.5 7271 0.138 0.1740 4.574.5 6332 0.120 0.1307 7.295.5 5297 0.101 0.0882 8.98

Weibull distributionEnergy density

Wind potential in MASDAR, UAE shows 2.2m/s of most probable wind speed, 3.2 m/s of mean wind speed, and 6.1 m/s of maximum wind energy speed

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Wind speed [m/s]

Most probable wind is around 2.2m/s, and energy is in the wind speed of 6.1m/s.

5.5 5297 0.101 0.0882 8.986.5 3984 0.076 0.0543 9.137.5 1911 0.036 0.0308 7.978.5 754 0.014 0.0163 6.129.5 187 0.004 0.0080 4.2110.5 56 0.001 0.0037 2.6211.5 23 0.000 0.0016 1.4912.5 11 0.000 0.0007 0.7813.5 9 0.000 0.0003 0.3814.5 2 0.000 0.0001 0.17Total 52560 1.000 56.06


powerAccumulated

powerCapacity

factor[m/s] [-] W W*10minute kWh/year kWh/day %0.5 9783 0.0 0.0 607.63 1.66 11.561.5 8205 0.0 0.02.5 8735 5.2 45373.93.5 7271 20.0 145094.0

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Capacity factor of the wind turbine based on the wind of MASDAR is about 11.56% and mean integrated power is about 1.66kWh/day.

MASDAR city, UAE

3.5 7271 20.0 145094.04.5 6332 54.5 345282.15.5 5297 121.7 644560.76.5 3984 237.4 945705.37.5 1911 420.8 804060.68.5 754 694.2 523395.79.5 187 698.3 130587.510.5 56 619.6 34698.011.5 23 600.0 13800.012.5 11 600.0 6600.013.5 9 600.0 5400.014.5 2 600.0 1200.0Total 52560 3645757.7

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Wind speed [m/s]

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1-Jan 1-Feb 1-Mar 1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct 1-Nov 1-DecAcc

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Wh/

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Date

MASDAR city, UAE

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1-Jan 1-Feb 1-Mar 1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct 1-Nov 1-Dec

Cap

acity

Fac

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%]

Date

Date

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K company 200W

H company 300W

K company 3000W

H company 15000W

CUWES design 600WBieung-do Park 600W

Different power curves for small wind turbines

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Wind speed [m/s]

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Month CUWES600W

H company300W

H company1500W

K company200W

K company3000W

Jan-08 22.11 9.10 9.72 11.83 7.28

Feb-08 25.40 10.01 11.05 12.94 7.80

Mar-08 17.09 7.12 7.39 9.50 6.06

Apr-08 17.54 7.12 7.67 9.55 5.80

May-08 12.74 5.83 5.87 8.01 4.99

Comparison Capacity Factor [%]

Jun-08 9.16 4.57 4.48 6.53 4.18

Jul-08 11.16 5.06 5.16 7.04 4.43

Aug-08 16.37 6.88 7.10 9.28 5.68

Sep-08 3.60 2.19 1.93 3.87 2.61

Oct-08 18.62 7.45 8.26 9.93 5.96

Nov-08 15.02 6.69 6.79 9.05 5.54

Dec-08 21.32 9.48 9.69 12.09 7.25

Average 15.84 6.79 7.09 9.14 5.63

Month CUWES600W

H company300W

H company1500W

K company200W

K company3000W

Jan-08 3.18 0.66 3.50 0.57 5.24

Feb-08 3.66 0.72 3.98 0.62 5.62

Mar-08 2.46 0.51 2.66 0.46 4.36

Apr-08 2.53 0.51 2.76 0.46 4.18

May-08 1.83 0.42 2.11 0.38 3.59

Comparison Accumulated Power [kWh/day]

May-08 1.83 0.42 2.11 0.38 3.59

Jun-08 1.32 0.33 1.61 0.31 3.01

Jul-08 1.61 0.36 1.86 0.34 3.19

Aug-08 2.36 0.50 2.56 0.45 4.09

Sep-08 0.52 0.16 0.70 0.19 1.88

Oct-08 2.68 0.54 2.97 0.48 4.29

Nov-08 2.16 0.48 2.45 0.43 3.99

Dec-08 3.70 0.68 3.49 0.58 5.22

Average 2.33 0.49 2.55 0.44 4.06

• Power & Cp Data

Prototype field test results in Bieung-park, Gunsan, Korea

[ 1minutes average ]

[ 0.5 interval bin ]

• 600W output of the wind speed 9.5 m/s

• Wind speed 5.5 m/s, Maximum power coefficient 42%

• Wind speed 12.5 m/s, Maximum power 1.02kW


• 600W output of the 425RPM (Wind speed 9.5 m/s)

• Maximum number of revolution 494RPM, Wind speed 13.5m/s

[ 1minutes average ] [ 0.5 interval bin ]



powerAccumulated

powerCapacity

factor[m/s] [-] W W*10minute kWh/year kWh/day %0.5 7 0.0 0.0 656.11 2.04 14.181.5 4968 0.0 0.02.5 13445 1.5 20167.53.5 8798 22.4 197075.2

Capacity factor of the wind turbine based on the wind of Bieung-do Park is about 14.18% and mean integrated power is about 2.04kWh/day.

160.30

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Pow

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36

3.5 8798 22.4 197075.24.5 7013 70.1 491611.35.5 4290 140.7 603603.06.5 3248 222.0 721056.07.5 2122 325.1 689862.28.5 1407 440.4 619642.89.5 768 586.0 450048.0

10.5 152 723.0 109896.011.5 22 797.4 17542.812.5 13 1021.0 13273.013.5 3 957.6 2872.8Total 46256 3936650.6

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Summary and conclusions

37

Comparison of Bieung park and MASDAR city

Items Bieung park MASDAR City

Mean wind speed 4.0 3.21

Shape factor 1.99 1.67

Scale factor [m/s] 4.5 3.8

Wind directions NNW NNW

Energy density [W/m²] 74.46 56.06Energy density [W/m²] 74.46 56.06

Accumulated power[kW/day] 2.31[2.04] 1.66

Capacity factor[%] 16.0[14.2] 11.6

Applicable lamp 120W + 80W LED 120W LED

Items Contents

Measurement period 02.01 ~ 02.20

Measurement data 27,384

Remove data 3,464

Loss rate 12.6 %

Average wind speed 3.86 m/s

Frequent wind speed 2.5 m/s (19 %)

Total energy density 73.7 W/m²

Field test results of commercial prototype

Total energy density 73.7 W/m²

600W output of the wind speed 9.5 m/s

600W output of the number of revolution 425 RPM

Max Power Coefficient 5.5 m/s, Cp 42 %

Total power generation 34.2 KWh

Daily-Ave. Power Generation 2.06 KWh/day [ß2.31]

Capacity Factor 14.3% [ß16.0]

The wind turbine for the street light is designed at the rated windspeed of 9m/s for the typical low mean wind speed in urban area,which is matched well with wind distribution in Bieung-park, Gunsan,Korea.

The feasibility test of commercial prototype in Bieung park shows14.3% of capacity factor and mean integrating power of2.06kWh/day, which is enough power to keep on the LED lights of200W for 10hours every day.

When the system is applied in MASDAR where the mean windspeed is about 3.2 m/s, mean integrated power is about 1.7kWh/day, in which single lamp of 120W LED is applicable for10hours every day.

Conclusions

The wind turbine for the street light is designed at the rated windspeed of 9m/s for the typical low mean wind speed in urban area,which is matched well with wind distribution in Bieung-park, Gunsan,Korea.

The feasibility test of commercial prototype in Bieung park shows14.3% of capacity factor and mean integrating power of2.06kWh/day, which is enough power to keep on the LED lights of200W for 10hours every day.

When the system is applied in MASDAR where the mean windspeed is about 3.2 m/s, mean integrated power is about 1.7kWh/day, in which single lamp of 120W LED is applicable for10hours every day.

THANK YOU!QUESTIONS? & ANSWERS!

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