Development of Communication Field & Skill 2

8/8/2019 Development of Communication Field & Skill 2

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Development ofCommunication Field

and SkillsSession 2 Introduction to Communication Science


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After completing this lesson, you will

understand why

Communication is one of the oldest yet

newest disciplines.

Early Greeks saw communication theory andpractice as critical.

The popularity of communication is a mixed

blessing. Communication is an activity, a social science,

a liberal art, and a profession.


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Chronology of Communication Media

Development

100 The Chinese invent paper

700 Arab traders introduce paper to the West

1445 Gutenberg invents movable type and

publishes the Gutenberg Bible (in 1455)

1641 First book published

1640s Diurnos, first daily newspapers, published

1731 First magazine published

1792 Telegraph

1835 Camera

1843 Facsimile

1876 Telephone

1895 Film

1905 Radio

1925 Television

hide 1445 Gutenberg invents

movable type


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Chronology of Communication Media

Development

1951 Digital computers are developed

1956 Magnetic videotape

1965 Computers

1975 Videodisc

1978 VCR (Video Cassette Recorder)

1982 Audio Compact Disc

1985 CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory)

1985 Digital video

1996 DVD-Video (Digital Versatile Disc)

1997 DVD-ROM (Read Only Memory, DVD-RAM)

Today: Digital electronic information delivery

is the standard for all media

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In Brief, There Are Seven Milestones in

Human Communication

Language Writing Printing Telephone and Telegraph

Photography and Motion Pictures Radio and Television Computers and The Internet


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essaywriting about 3000B.C offers adviceon How to speak Effectively


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The beginning of systematic theorydevelopment in communication can be traced

to the Greeks.

Lawsuits were common in Athens, and as result,

PUBLIC SPEAKING in legal context became apreoccupation.


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Rhetoric and Speech

1st

theory of communication was developed in Greece

Corax and his student Illias:

- persuasion could be thought as an art

and provided encouragement for

instructors of what was called Rhetoric.

- develop the concept of message organization:

3 parts in corresponding introduction, body,

conclusion.


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early NEWSpaper

Early newspaper were a mixture of newsletter,

proclamations, political information, and

describing various events like speech and

rhetoric.

The mid 1600s: modern form of newspaper.

1st paper published in US, Publick Occurences

Both Foreign and Domestick, appeared in1690 (Boston).


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In the 1940-1950, the scope of fieldcommunication broadened and extendwith other social science (politics,sociology, pshycology, anthropology)

Anthropology (non verbal & interculturalcommunication), psychology(persuasion, attitudes, social influence),politics (rhetoric, propaganda),language (semiotics, linguistic), art(theater, performing arts)


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Growth of Communication Careers

Managing Communications

Media Management Corporate Communication Publishing

Public Affairs Internal Communication Comm & Information Policy

Advertising Management International

Communication

Information Services &

management

Preparing Communication

Products & Services

Editing Advertising Production Public Information

Marketing Communication Broadcast Journalism Community Outreach

Media Production Public Relations Customer Relations

Events Coordination Writing & Reporting Film Writing


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Growth of Communication Careers

Analyzing Communications

Communication Research Market Research Audience Analysis

Public Opinion Research Individual Interviewing Customer Satisfaction

Analysis

Academic Research

Communication Education

& Training

Communication Training Human ResourceDevelopment

Leadership & StaffDevelopment

Professional Development Organizational

Development


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In the 1990s, we live ininformation age, which

communication &

information technology play

an important role in oursociety

News and converging

media were fundamental to

our lives and information

technology have its impact

on human behavior


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The Third Wave (Toffler 1987) The Third Wave

Information Society: Work with computers, Create, process,

store, transmit information.

Communication: Internet, WW W, E-mail

Computer readable information: Digital video,

Multimedia, Digital audio

The Second WaveIndustrial Society: Mass production, Industrial revolution.

Factories: Specialized jobs in industry

Communication: Printed books Gutenberg Bible

1455; Movable type, Price of books decline, Slow

increase in literacy

The First Wave

Agricultural Society: farming, fishing, mining

Communication: Development of writing, Needed to

keep records, Few books

Only nobility (leisure class) could read

Books were hand copied


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Information Society

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Now, were entering the age of

network society

photo: donnybu


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photo: donnybu

Where were no longer spend more time

in here


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Every Generation has Their Own Culture


23/55Every Culture has Their Own Tools


24/55Every Tools has Their Own Product


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07.00 AM

or

Work Hard!

When working hours are changing

Work Smart!


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Even libraries are changing


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o Social Networkso News & Bookmarking

o Blogs

o Microblogging

o

Video Sharingo Photo Sharing

o Message boards

o Wikis

o Virtual Reality

o Social Gaming

o Related:

o Podcasts

o Real Simple Syndication (RSS)

o Social Media Press Release

D t i i T k l i ti


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Determinisme Teknologi, artinya

penemuan atau perkembangan teknologi

komunikasi mengubah kebudayaan

manusia


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Facing those changes in communication field,

demand our ability to analyze communication

situations, develop effective comm strategies,collaborate wih others and present ideas effectively


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Effective communication skillsare a critical element in your

career and personal lives.

We all must use a variety ofcommunication techniques toboth understand and beunderstood.

Communication Skills Overview

Wh t i C i ti ?


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What is Communication?

Communication is the process of sendingand receiving information among people

SENDER RECEIVER

Feedback

Channel


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Communication Goals

To change behavior

To get action

To ensure understandingTo persuade

To get and give

Information


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What will you learn in this

session?

Presenting

Listening


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Why listening is very important in

communication process?


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We have the ability to listen to soundspatterns and translate their meaning into

languages

Importance of Listening

Listening behaviors can also determine

social and professional success.

Listening is an effective communicationtools in our life.


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Listening is actually a

complex process involvingfour elements:

- Hearing- Attention- Understanding

- Remembering


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Listening and Hearing Are Not

The Same ThingHearing is the process in which sound wavesstrike the eardrum and cause vibrations thatare transmitted to the brain.

Listening occurs when the brain reconstructs

these electrochemical impulses into arepresentation of the original sound and thengives them meaning

Understanding Human Communication, Ronald B. Adler and George Rodman


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Hearing

First element is

hearing,

which is theautomatic

physiological

process ofreceiving aural

stimuli


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Attention

Concentration asone of the most

important

aspects of

listening.

Concentration isreally just paying

close attention


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Understanding

Understanding refers to

the process whereby we

assign meaning to thewords we hear that

closely corresponds to

the meaning intendedby the person sending

the message


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Remembering

Remembering is

the storing of

informationfor later retrieval.

- Short Term Memory

- Long Term Memory

Types of Listening


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These four are not the exclusive but merelyrepresentative:

-Pleasurable Listening -Discriminative Listening

-Critical Listening -Emphatic Listening

Types of Listening

How to Improve Listening


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1)Listen Effectively2) Pay Attention3) Listen for Main Points or Ideas

4) Use Your Spare Time5) Aerobic Listening

How to Improve Listening

Presenting


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Presenting

orDelivering

Guidelines for Delivery


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Visual Aspects of Delivery:

AppearanceMovement

PostureFacial

ExpressionEye Contact




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Auditory Aspects of Delivery:

VolumeRate

PitchArticulation


5 Dimensions of


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5 Dimensions ofCredibility of Presenter

1. Competence

CharacterComposure

ExtroversionSociability


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What creates bad

presentation

- Lack of preparation

- Not knowing audience- Inappropriate visual aids- Too much material

- Using monotone- Lacking focus


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Simulate the presentation setting

Practice aloudPractice standing up

Time your presentation

Memorize your sentences

Watch yourself in a mirror

Practicing Your Presentation

One study in US found these skills are the most


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One study in US found these skills are the most

important in the workplace (and most of them

required comm skills!)

Skills & Traits Means

1. Integrity & Honesty Choosing ethical courses of action

2. Listening Attending & Interpreting messages from others

3. Reading Understanding & interpreting written informations4. Oral Communication Communicating ideas & info through oral presentations

5. Written Communication Communicating ideas & info through written

documents

6. Self Management

/Responsibility

Striving to achieve goals, monitoring progress

7. Problem Solving Recognizing problems & implementing solutions

8. Know how to learn Acquiring & applying new knowledge & skills

9. Self-esteem Maintaining positive view of ourselves & job

10. Sociability Working & interacting well with others


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11. Diversity Functioning effectively in a multicultural & diverse

work environment

12. Decision Making Prioriting goals, generating & choosing alternatives,

considering risks

13. Math Performing basic computations

14. Creative Thinking Generating new ideas

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Development of Communication Field & Skill 2

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