Volume V, No. 5 September- October 1987 ISSN 0115-9097 Media isaveryimp°rtantagent °f MEDIA AND social and political change. In philippine society today, where events causing change gallop furiously, overtaking our national leadership and our people, and leaving us bewildered, DEVI::LOPM[:NT media play a central role. The February 1986 upheaval that triggered one of the most amazing power transfer in modern history, where hardly a drop of blood was shed, is one of the more dramatic manifestations of the EDITOR'S NOTE: This issue features the media and its role as an agent of dynamism of events that do not allow us social and political change. Our guestwriter, Mr. Armando Doronila, provides an to rest. interesting analysis of the various roles media played in recent history and how it The media, especially radio and tele- was able to regain its reputation as a credible institution in Philippine society. vision, were both witness and participant In this article, Mr. Doronila relates how Philippine media, which previously in that stirring drama at EDSA, bringing served the needs of an authoritarian regime, now functions as a social critic in an to the privacy of our homes the hacredi- atmosphere of pluralism. He notes, however, that despite the new "democratic ble struggle for political power being space', media's perspective remains limited, noting that the emphasis had been on played out in the streets, and making the making the existing system work better rather than on changing the system. He people directly or indirectly involved in further confirms that the directions media can take is severely limited by the the process of change, ownership of the various forms of media. In that mass rising, media were not Mr. Doronila comes out daily with a much-sought after analysis of socio- neutral agents. Their reports and their economic and political issues in one of the country's leading dailies. A respected vivid capture of the color, the dynamism writer, he was named Journalist of the Year in 1967, and served as President of and volatility of events as they unfolded, the National Press Club in 1971. His writing experience spans four decades, since influenced the course of history, and 1953. When martial law was declared, Mr. Doronila was editor-in-chief of the ultimately, the Filipino's national destiny. Manila Chronicle. Currently, he is Chairman of the Editorial Board of the same In a period of transition, in which the paper. Philippines is moving away from the ruins d CONTENTS Page Media and Development .............................. : ........ . ................. 1 Guide to PIDS Publications 5-8 UPDATE Seminars ..................................................................... 10 Ongoing Projects .............................................................. 11 |1 II II II I I II IIIll II
Transcript
Volume V, No. 5 September- October 1987 ISSN 0115-9097
Media isaveryimp°rtantagent °f MEDIA AND
social and political change. In
philippine society today, whereevents causing change gallop furiously,overtaking our national leadership and
our people, and leaving us bewildered, DEVI::LOPM[:NTmedia play a central role.The February 1986 upheaval that
triggered one of the most amazing powertransfer in modern history, where hardlya drop of blood was shed, is one of the
more dramatic manifestations of the EDITOR'S NOTE: This issue features the media and its role as an agent ofdynamism of events that do not allow us social and political change. Our guestwriter, Mr. Armando Doronila, provides anto rest. interesting analysis of the various roles media played in recent history and how it
The media, especially radio and tele- was able to regain its reputation as a credible institution in Philippine society.
vision, were both witness and participant In this article, Mr. Doronila relates how Philippine media, which previouslyin that stirring drama at EDSA, bringing served the needs of an authoritarian regime, now functions as a social critic in anto the privacy of our homes the hacredi- atmosphere of pluralism. He notes, however, that despite the new "democraticble struggle for political power being space', media's perspective remains limited, noting that the emphasis had been onplayed out in the streets, and making the making the existing system work better rather than on changing the system. He
people directly or indirectly involved in further confirms that the directions media can take is severely limited by thethe process of change, ownership of the various forms of media.
In that mass rising, media were not Mr. Doronila comes out daily with a much-sought after analysis of socio-neutral agents. Their reports and their economic and political issues in one of the country's leading dailies. A respectedvivid capture of the color, the dynamism writer, he was named Journalist of the Year in 1967, and served as President ofand volatility of events as they unfolded, the National Press Club in 19 71. His writing experience spans four decades, sinceinfluenced the course of history, and 1953. When martial law was declared, Mr. Doronila was editor-in-chief of theultimately, the Filipino's national destiny. Manila Chronicle. Currently, he is Chairman of the Editorial Board of the same
In a period of transition, in which the paper.Philippines is moving away from the ruins d
CONTENTS Page
Media and Development .............................. : ........ . ................. 1
AND INTERVENTION POLICY IN SP8501 THE PROTECTION STRUCTURE, PRO01THE PHILIPPINES, 1973-1981 RESOURCE FLOWS AND THEFiloJogo Pante, Jr. ' " CAPITAL-LABOR RATIO IN1983" 48 pages PHILIPPINE MANUFACTURING: '
A SHORT EMPIRICAL NOTESP8302 ON THE USE OF THE DRC PR001
Erlinda M. Medalla' ': SP8502 A DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF PRO01
1983 9 pages ' , : PHILIPPINE EXPORT AND IMPORT
SP8303 MONETARY AGGREGATES AND PR001 PERFORMANCE, 1974-1982ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Ponciano S. Intal, Jr.Mario'B_ Lamberte 1985 23 pages , , ",
1983 93 pages SP8503 PHILIPPINE EXPORT AND TERMS PR001
SP8304 EFFECTIVE PROTECTION RATES PR001 .OF TRADE INSTABILITY , 19(i5-1982AND INTERNAL INDIRECT TAXES Ponciano S. Intal, Jr. ,,IN THE PHILIPPINE SETTING 1985 22 pages
Rosario G. Manasan1983 26 pages SP8504 METHODOLOGY FOR MEASURING PR001
' " PROTECTION AND, COMPARATIVEi _,SP8305 RESPONSE TO BALANCE OF PRO01 ADVANTAGE : :'
, ,, PAYMENTS CRISIS IN THE 1970s, Erlinda M. Medalla and ,KOREA AND THE PHILIPPINES : John H. Power
John H, Power 1985 23 pages1983 44 pages
SP8508 THE RURAL BANKING SYSTEM: PR001SP8401 A STUDY OF PHILIPPINE REAL PR001
PROPERTY TAXATION NEED FOR REFORMS
Cayetano W. Paderanga, Jr. Mario R. Lamberte ' '1985 24 pages1984 50 Pages , ,,
SP8402 PUBLIC ENTERPRISE IN THE PR001 SP8509 SOCIAL ADEQUACY AND PR0011
PHILIPPINES IN 1982; A ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF-_SOClALDEFINITIONAL AND TAXONOMICAL SECURITY: THE PHILIPPINE CASE,,,
EXERCISE Mario B. Lamberte'Rosario G. Manasan 1985 , : 109'10ages
1984 77 pages SPS601 IMPACT OF BOI INCENTIVES ON PR007SP8403 ESTIMATING THE SHADOW PR001 RATE OF 'RETURN, FACTOR PRICES'
EXCHANGE RATE, THE SHADOW AND RELATIVE FACTOR USE; A ' '
: WAGE RATE AND THE SOCIAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF , : "RATE OF DISCOUNT FOR THE INCENTIVES UNDER THE OMNIBUSPHILIPPINES INVESTMENTS CODE OF 1981 ' , ,Erlinda M, Medalla :' (P.D. 1789) AND' THE INVESTMENT_
SP8404 DEVELOPMENT FINANCE AND , PR001 1986 46 PagesSTATE BANKING: A SURVEY OF '" ' 'EXPERIENCE SP8602 FINANCIAL REFORMS AND PR008Edita A, Tan " BALANCE,OF-PAYMENTS CRISIS:
1984 114 pages ,' : THE CASE OF THE PHILIPPINES ii, ,: Eli Remol0na and Mario B. Lamberte '
SP8406 MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF ' PR001 1986 66 pagesDEVALUATION ON PRICES,, ' ,OUTPUT AND THE TRADE SP8603 A MACROECONOMIC OVERVIEW PRO06
,BALANCE: THE PHILIPPINE' : OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES IN THEEXPERIENCE : PHILIPPINES, 1975-1984Ma. Cecilia Gonzales Rosario G. Manasan
'1984 60 pages ' ' 1987 63 pages
6. III I IIIIII II
Ii
L m ,
ISTOCK CODE TITLE OF PUBLICATION PRICE CODE
ISP8701 REVENUE PERFORMANCE OF PRO06 I
NATION/_L GOVERNMENT TAXES,1975-1985 ] How To Order PIDS PublicationsRosario G, Manasan and IIRosario G. Querubin
1987 57 pages I Please consult the, Guide to PIDS Publications. Fill uporder form as indicated. Actual prices equivalent to the
SP8702 RURAL FINANCIAL MARKETS: PRO20 I price codes are provided in a separate list_A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
|
Mario B, Lamberte and Joseph LimI Prices indicated in the list will hold/br 1988_Beyond1987 298 pages
that, all prices are subject to change without prior notice.SP8703 RESIDENTIALDEMANDFOR PR0O6 Prices vary according to the mailing classdesired.For local
ELECTRICITYANDPRICING mails, allow ]-2 weeks/br delivery, [br foreign mails,allowPOLICY IMPLICATIONS IN ADEVELOPING ECONOMY: THE 1-2 weeks for first classair mail; 3 weeks for second classCASE OF THE PHILIPPINES airmail.CIodualdo R, Francisco
1987 42 pages For direct purchases, PIDS publicatiorls can be obtained
at the Research Information Staff at the address indicatedSP8704 THE CAPITAL ASSET PRICING PR0O9
MODEL WITH NON-HOMOGENOUS in the order form.
EXPECTATIONS: THEORY AND
EVIDENCE ON SYSTEMATIC Thank you for your orders.RISKS TO THE BETAClodualdo R. Francisco
1987 57 pages
SPS705 THE STRUCTURE OF RURAL PRO02HOUSEHOLD INCOME ANDITS IMPLICATIONS ON RURAL
POVERTY IN BICOL, PHILIPPINESEdna Angeles.Reyas1987 30 Pages
Working Papers
WP8302 ECONOMIC POLICIES AND PR001
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE .._ -Cristina C. David
1983 99 pages wP8402 FOREST LAND MANAGEMENT IN PRO01
WP8303 CHANGING COMPARATIVE PR001 THE CONTEXT OF NATIONALADVANTAGE IN PHI LIPPINE LAND USERICE PRODUCTION Adolfo V, Ravilla, Jr.Laurian J. Unnevehr and 1984 24 pagesArsenio M. Balisacan
1983 33 pages WP8403 POLICY ISSUES ON COMMERCIAL PRO01FOREST MANAGEMENT
WPS304 THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT PRO01 Cerenilla A. Cruz andPOLICIES ON PHIl IPPINE SUGAR Marian Segura,de los AngelesGerald Nelson and 1984 47 pagesMercedixa Agcaoili
; 1983 37 pages WP8404 THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT PR001POLICIES ON FOREST RESOURCES
WP8305 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND PR001 UTILIZATIONGOVERNMENT PRICE INTER- Gerald C. NelsonVENTION POLICIES IN FORESTRY 1984 19 pages
John H. Power end Teresita TumanengWP8405 POPULATION PRESSURE, PR091
1983 57 pages MIGRATION AND MARKETS:IMPLICATIONS FOR UPLAND
WP8308 AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC PR001 DEVELOPMENTPOLICIES AFFECTING THE PHILIPPINECOCONUT INDUSTRY Ma. Concepcion CruzRamon Clarets and J. Roumasset 1984 73 pages
1983 66 pages
i,_ l 7
Order FormName, STOCK CODE TITLE OF PUBLICATION • PRICE CODEAddress." WP8406 TENURE, TECHNOLOGY AND PR001 '
PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRO-Date: FORESTRY SCHEMES
Signature. Ana Doris Capistrano andSam Fujisaka
Please send me copies of the following: 1984 64 pages
WP8407 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF PR001
Quantity Stock Code Price Code Total Price WATERSHED MODIFICATIONSWilfredo P. David
1984 , 45 pages
WP8408 MANAGEMENT AND COST OF ,PR001WATERSHED REFORESTATION:THE PANTABANGAN AND MAGAT
Jose A. Galvez1984 30 pages
.WP8501 A REVIEW OF WELFARE IN THE PR001COCONUT INDUSTRYSylvia N. Guerrero =
Grand Total: _ 1985 140 pages
Enclosed is a: WP8502 FINANCING THE BUDGET DEFICIT PR001
[] Check IN THE PHILIPPINESEli M. Remolona
[] Postal Money Order 1985 54 pages
as payment for the above order. WP8603 FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHOICE PR010
Mailing: [] Air Mail First Class OF LOCATION: A SURVEY OFFOREIGN AND LOCAL FIRMS IN
[] Air Mail Second Class THE PHILIPPINES
[] Registered (local mail only) Alejandro N. Herrin andErnesto M. Pernia
• 1986 59 pages
Please make checks payable to;WP8701 MACROECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT IN PRO11
PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT THE PHILIPPINES: 1983-B5
STUDIES AND ADDRESS THIS TO: Manual F. Montes
Research information Staff 1987 75 Pages
5th Floor, NEDA saMakati Building WP8702 COSTS OF AGRICULTURAL CREDIT' PROl 1106 Amorsolo St,, Legaspi Village IN THE PHILIPPINES: THE SHORT-
Makati, 1200 Metro Manila RUN EFFECTS OF INTEREST RATE
Philippines DEREGULATION' Irma C. Corales and Carlos E. Cuevas
Telex:,(ITT) 40404 ' 1987 56 pagesTX BOX NBR5186Cable: PHILIDS WPST03 CAN THE INFORMAL LENDERS BE PR003
,'_= ' _ " '- MedaUa gave his comments on the need
-, ,-_,-, ,_ ,_, for external Fmance by the heavily-III III _' L, _:,..c.I,.'D}_,VEL,OPN[EN']_" indebted countries. He said that the big
HON A.T W_ . ]R,_2I..[J()R.'I-' t!:),_']': question to ask is: "Where would it lead
UI- UI-I|Iz Q Dr. Sarath Rajapatirana was the main the Philippine politicians and economiststo tighten ropes with the World Bankspeaker during the seminar on the "World
Development Report 1987," the fifth in approach? "
'" a series of jointly-sponsored seminars by SEMINAR ON ASEMINARS the P1DS and the Philippine Economic MATHEMATICAL THEORY
Society (PES). The seminar was held'
i_ last Monday, October 12, 1987 at the OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS:
Operations Room of the NEDA sa WITH AN ILLUSTRATIONMakati Building. Dr. Rajapatirana is the ON THE PURE AGRI-Team Leader of the World .Development CULTURAL CONTRACTS
I1 Report 1987, a report produced by
• the WorldBank. An in-house staff seminar on the
masteral thesis of Michael Alba, ResearchIn his summary, Dr. Rajapatirana Associate of PIDS, on "AMathematicalfocused on the relationship between Theory of Social Institutions: With an
' industrialization and foreign trade. He Illustration on the Pure Agricultural
WORKSHOP ON UPLAND stressed that developing countries must Contracts", was held last Wednesday,RESOURCES POI,ICY: be outward-oriented and neutral. Their October 28, 1987 at Room 306 of theWA.'YERSH]!].:£__-7""' ,: - _ r domestic prices should also be closer_,_,,,,ALL,A]..I,()N NEDA sa Makati Building.
to world prices. On the other hand, Mr. Alba discussed his paper before re-RESEARCt_ he pointed out that the labor market in presentatives from De La Salle •University,
The PIDS sponsored a one-day work- industrialized countries must become University of the Philippines' School ofmore flexible and should reduce trade Economics, and the PIDS staff. He
shop on Upland Resources Policy:Water- barriers. He reiterated the need for theorized that social institutions areshed Evaluation Research last Friday, external finance by the heavily-indebted derived by depicting social problemsSeptember 11, 1987 at the Operations countries_Room of the NEDA sa Makati Building. that recur systematically as supergames.
The workshop discussed the preli- The paper was commented on by He pointed out that institutionalization,minary findings of studies on watershed three discussants, Dr. Tomas Aquino, which is the resultant equilibratingmanagement and economic valuation of Dr. Gloria M. Arroyo, and Dr. Felipe process, can be modelled as an expandedforests and watershed modification. Medalla_ Dr. Aquino is the Director of Estes Model where the possible institu-
These studies are among the Upland the Business Economics Program at the tions are the absorbing states.Resource Policy Studies being con- Center for Research and Communica- As applied to agricultural production,ducted by researchers from the Univer- tion while Dr. Arroyo is an Assistant the model points to the .risk attitudes ofsity of the Philippines at Los B_os. Secretary of the Department of Trade agents or owners of production factorsJointly funded by the International and Industry. On the other hand, Dr. which detemlines the type of institutionDevelopment Research Center (IDRC), Medulla is art Associate Professor of that emerges. If players are risk-neutral,the research is part of thePiDS Research Economics at the University of the all contracts (fixed wage, sharecropping,Program on Natural Resources and Philippines. and fixed rent) have equal chances of
Environmental Policy. Dr. Aquino stressed the importance of becoming institutions. If they are risk-The workshop served as a venue for political will in pursuing an industrializa- averse, however, sharecropping is seen as
project members to present their draft tion program. On the other hand; Dr. the most probable institutional solution.reports to workshop participants, and in Arroyo reacted in terms of the current ,'""_=='=z..............................._"........................................................................
the process, solicit comments and Philippine situation, specifically on why ' )..... ..._._=._.._____L._,I,,_.._.2..=__.:;recommendations before project results the World Bank did .not give the Philip- -"'=....... -_=_ -_:..... '.. '- -'-
are finalized, pines favorable terms in loan restruc- ' ;:"- -.... _ .... .:'- , " '-.....•,..._..,*_r," ,2.-..-._;_ .. %, _ ..... :......Participants to the workshop included turing, unlike those received by Mexico --"_: " ".,,...... _'. '
representatives from the Departments of and Argentina_ She also explained that C........... ." .... , ..e''U _ :,;. ,"Agrarian Reform, Agriculture, Energy the Philippine situation is unique be- " ...:'_;: ." .:.<,._22.... I'----'. ...and Natural Resources; from the National cause the debt which, had accumulated .'::' .- : .Ira .,'_::_"!2_:_".'Irrigation Administration (NIA), Bureau was not utilized for the benefit of the "': ' _!i .... _'."'"_:-
,_-_.... ¢ j _,"_ ;:r_'_ •
of Soil, University of the Philippines at Filipino people, but rather for the benefit ...... / t-,. _[......' rT.;z.,Z)b__T-"-_
Los Bafios (UPLB) and PIDS. of the former President. Finally, Dr ...................................................................._' _r.:..:2:<:-::_=!.,(.........
DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH NEWS SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 1987
St.,:O[!I$SeA T'Z_-_iF2
Tb:. '.n_ersJ.cpeZ. -- e_ito=-/ms_naelng eat%or/
" ' _ PIDS DE_VEL.OP.NENT RES.F_(.U_f%$_,_f issue
in _ _-(j?_e of p_?li,x tie"# afze_ ha_Jng be,_iL_lysworn to in accordance wi+.h law, hereby submits the fell.owing stztemen% of
" - ownerehi_, management, ='ircul._tions etc. which is required bt Act 2580, as
ON-GOING PROJECTS amended by Commor,wee.lth Act No., 20",:
_'f. )_ AD2PJ!',S$
"[HE PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCEIN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT _itor
PLANNING: ANALYSIS .AND _usin_s_ .,'-_ce= - do -LESSONS o,_er - ao -
Publi_be=
The PIDS, together with the National Printer ---J'KILIpPI}'_f INSYITUTE FOE DEVELQ/_I_L_T_m_v__(P-14_s}--Economic and DevelopmentAuthority officeofpub!it
-_P-Jg-_._ik_f_, METRO _iANILA
(NEDA),and the United Nations Develop- If puD!ication is owned %:, a :oT_'eraticn, _tec/.bcld.ez"_,o'.ri;ingone per-
ment Programme (UNDP) is conducthag a ten[ cx' _no_'e of =ha :otal emo'.zn_ of s%oc!zz;
collaborative research ha regional develop-ment planning. The johat research aims to
_or:dholders, mo'rt;.p._es,or ¢.the: seeuz-it S he.]tiers o_ming one 7ercent ordocument and analyzePhilippine expe- mere or the t_t._],a"_o%]_ ,3_ s£cui'i!y:
rience ha regional development planning.
Specifically, this project hopes to provide ............. ,................ 7 ..................
answers on why and how the Philippines Zn ca-so of daily pub!iea!i_n. ::.\,_z'. '_ :2., _' ..," cc_f h�prizAedo_rad cite-
followed such a planning path_ The cul_teaof each±ss_._ _=ri:-,c _,:_ :_zec_:-,_ ::,_nth _f - _9impact and lessons learned in the Philip- _. se:_t _o ;:-:: ::-'--.'" ..--pine experience will also be documented. 2. ,2.entto o+-hers limn _gid _,:Lsc._'!bnr_.Tote.], n ,a,
The one-year project is managed by theIn ca3e of putlicalior! other th_ daily total n_mber of copies printed
Institute and the East-West Center of and circulated of the lest issue dated __., _9
once in the context of changes m the rJ,_=: L_.._a_ _., - "
areas of politics, policy administration, I_ _,,a_;LL-_/-_ _, .....and security will also be analyzed. Thus, _.. t__. O_-$c'_(J_'-l'-_..rpcge_t:_formattoa Deptthe continuing theme in the analysis will .* SU]3SCRI__'_- _t'.rT_:S':ORN TO be_or._. 5.e zhis _&'dey of ___ . , 19_1 _
be the evolution of a regional develop- a_ _'" , the _::fiar_ _:.:_i-_it,_.d-7 _ his/he: _!'_er_e C_rtiri-. ,.k._SC_ .... :- _ 1c •¢3_e z'l'C_. -- _'. ..... _ O_ , .9 •
mentprocess.Planningsystem as an adaptive ____-la
The results of the research study will pzg_00C_0,__-Y_"_ __'I:_")$2_,be published in a volume that will contain 7':.'--- _4-_------ ........ ")the following: 1) Evolution of the re- -'_,._dS_lg_r3 _5 _'< bT_ _.;:/-_,=_-_%,J,_vO4_/_,gional development planning system as ................... iss..!./-: :-_/L_/47/7/_seen from a Cabinet-level perspective; 'ATh_':;{L_-._2) Institutionalization of the regionaldevelopment plannhag system withha the FORTHCOMING . . .
NEDA framework and from a regional The fourth batch of studies under the DRN:Clearinghouse project will appearperspective; 3) The institutio_ml develop- in the January-February 1988 issue_ The Clearinghouse Project features a list ofment of regional development planning in completed and ongoing research projects of various instimtioi_s. Our network ofthe Philippines in terms of roles of inter- institutions covers private and government entities as well as local and internationalnational technical assistance; and 4) research institutions_
The developmental and institutional This year's batch of research projects consists of over a hundred studies onimpac t of the Philippine regional deve: economic development, planning and policymaking in the Philippines.
• Iopment planning experience.
, ,, ' 11
•- :._.,
P_S PHII-IL'flKr--
It,,5-FI-i,-L;:TEFORDI-.VELO%.tEr'dT
S-I-UDIE'C P 0 S T A G E
4th Floor. NEDA sa Makati Building,
106 Amorsolo St., Legaspi Village,Makati 1200 Metro Manila
SECOND CLASS MAI L
DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH NEWS SEPTEMBER . OCTOBER 1987
I IIIII
DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH NEWS is a bi-monthly publication of the PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOP-MENT STUDIES (PIDS). It highlights findings and recommendations culled from PIDS-sponsored research or relatedstudies done by other institutions. PIDS seminars, publications, and ongoing and forthcoming projects which are ofinterest to policy-makers, planners, administrators, and researchers are also announcea.
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The views and opinions published here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute.
Inquiries regarding any of the studies contained in this publication, or any of the PIDS papers, as well as any suggest-
tions or comments on the publications are welcome. Please address all related correpondence or inquiries to:
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