Did you know? We have 10 times more bacteria cells in our
bodies than human cells.
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Immune System Purpose: to protect our bodies from infection and
pathogens Pathogens: Disease-causing agents
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Immune System Our body has several types of defenses against
pathogens
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Types of Pathogens Travel with your table to 4 stations around
the room Take notes in the provided graphic organizer Bacteria
Viruses Parasites Fungi
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Bacteria Single-celled organisms Release chemicals that are
toxic to the host which destroys healthy body cells Examples: food
poisoning, tuberculosis, syphilis
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Viruses Strands of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat Take
over a healthy cell and cause it to produce more viruses Examples:
HIV, flu, herpes
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Fungi Multi-cellular organisms (except for yeast) Pierce
healthy cells and take the cells nutrients Examples: Athletes foot,
pneumonia
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Parasites Organisms that grow and feed on their host Some kill
while others drain the bodys resources Examples: Tapeworms,
Malaria, Scabies
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How Your Body Protects Itself Skin Protective layer for organs
Secretes sweat, making it acidic and harmful for pathogens Mucous
membranes Lines all openings in the body (eyes, nose, mouth, ears,
etc.) Traps pathogens in cilia (tiny hair like structures) before
they enter the body
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How Your Body Fights Back White blood cells: Find and kill
pathogens that have made it past the skin and mucous membranes
Phagocytes: engulf pathogens to destroy them T cells: destroy body
cells already infected with the pathogen B cells: produce proteins
that inactivate pathogens that have yet to infect other cells
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How Your Body Fights Back Proteins Antibody: Proteins made by B
cells that attack pathogens in action Immunity: Failure to get sick
in the presence of a pathogen Passive: occurs by immunity being
passed down from mother to child Active: happens after body has
successfully responded to a pathogen before
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How Your Body Responds Occurs when pathogen enters the body or
tissue gets damaged Inflammation Body rushes blood to the site to
provide WBCs Results in swelling, redness, pain, itching and
increased warmth at the site
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Overreactions of the Immune System Allergy: An oversensitivity
to a harmless antigen Autoimmune disease: Immune system cannot tell
the difference between healthy and unhealthy body cells Examples:
Type 1 Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis
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How Your Body Responds Fever Chemicals are released to increase
body temperature, which helps WBCs mature faster High fevers are
dangerous because they denature enzymes that are vital to the
body
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Medication Antibiotics Target bacteria or fungi and keep them
from growing or reproducing Antibiotic resistance occurs when
bacteria mutate so that they are no longer affected by
antibiotics
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Medication Vaccines Substance that contains the antigen
(antibody producer) of a pathogen Body produces necessary defenses
without getting sick
