Digestive system

Human nutritionEnergy

Activity Look in the library for the book Human

biology, by Sylvia S. Mader. Go to the chapter 9 page 151, and by

teams you must resume the next information:– Description of the organ– Function of the organ– Rol in nutrition (digestion or absortion)– What nutrients it´s related whit the organ

Basic structure of the digestive system

MouthPharynxEsophagusStomachSmall IntestineGlands

– Liver– Gallblader– Pancreas

Large IntestineRectumAnus

Basic structure of the digestive system

Nutrition Digestion

– Is the chemical or mechanical process, where you break big molecules into small ones.

Absorption– Incorporate the nutrients inside of the body

NutritionNutriens Funtion

Where you found

Absortion for our body

CarbohydratesMain Energy as

Gloucose

Fruits, cereal grains and legumes

Mouth, Stomach, small

intestine

LipidsEnergy Reserve

as Fats, insulation

Corn oil, Olive oil, or

polyunsaturated fat.

Small intestine, Liver

Proteins

Essential Amino acids

Synthesis of proteins

Animal proteins as

Muscles

Stomach, Small intestine

Vitamins and Minerals

Metabolic functions

Differents type of foods

Small and large intestine

Minerals

Mineral Significan sources

Functions in the body

Deficiency syptoms

Symptoms

Calcium Milk and milk products

Principal minerals of bones and teeth

Stunted growth in children, osteoporosis

Excess calcium is excreted

Magnesium Nuts, legumes, whole grains, sea food, chocolate

Bone mineralization, protein synthesis, enzyme action, nerve transmision

Weakness, confusion, depresed pancreatic hormone secretion, muscle spasm

Not known

Iodine Iodized salt, sea food

Part of thyroxine, which regulates metabolism

Goiter, cretinism Very high intakes depress thyroid activity

Iron Beef, fish, poultry, shellfish, eggs, legumes, dried fruits

Hemoglobin formation, energy utilization

Anemia: weakness, pallor, headechs, reduced resistance to infection

Iron overload, infection, liver injury

zinc Protein-containing foods, meat, fish, poultry, grain, vegetables

Part of many enzymes, insuline, genetic material

Grown failure in children, delayed development of sexul organs

Fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Vitamin Significan sources

Functions in the body

Deficiency syptoms

Symptoms

Vitamin A Milk, margarine, cream, cheess, eggs, dark vegetables and vegetables

Vision, growth and tissue repair, reproduction, bone formation, cancer proteccion, Hormone synthesis

Night blindness, susceptibility to infection, abnormal tooth and jaw alligment, eye problem

Red blood cells breakage, nosebleeds, abdominal cramp, nausea, diarrhea.

Vitamin D Self synthesis with sun light, milk, margarine, cream, cheess, eggs

Calcium and phosphorus metabolism

Osteomalacia in adults, soft bones

Raised blood calcium, constipation, weight loss, nausea kidney stone

Vitamin E Vegetables oils, vegetables, wheat germen, Milk, margarine, cream, cheess, eggs

Protects red blood cells, antioxidantes

Muscle wasting, weakness, anemia

Interference with anticlotting medication, general discomfort

Vitamin K Liver, green vegetables and milk

Bacterial synthesis in digestive tract

Hemorrhagin Interference with anticlotting medication, may cause jaundice

Vitamins

Vitamins

Vitamin Significan sources

Functions in the body

Deficiency syptoms

Symptoms

Thiamin Riboflavin B6 & B12

Meat, liver, fish, whole grains pasta, legums, oates Milk, dark green vegetables yogurt, cottage cheese shellfish

Helps enzymes realease metabolic proces and nervous system function, normal visión formation of blood cell and genetic material

Beriberi, edema, heart irregularity, mental confusion, Eye problems, skin disorden, Nervous disorden, anemia, kidney stones

Rapid pulse, weakness, headaches, isomia, irratability

Niacin Meat, eggs, poultry fish, milkbread, cereal, nuts.

Helps enzymes release energy from;, nerves and digestive system

Pellagra, loss of appetite, dizziness, indigestion.

Flushing, nausea, cramp, ulcer irritation, low blood pressure

Vitamin C Citruit fruits, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, lettuce, cantaloupe, strawberry, mangos, papayas

Synthesis of collageno, antioxidant, strengthens, resistans to infections, iron absortion

Scurvy, anemia, Artherosclerotic, frequent infection, lossing teeth, muscle, degeneration, bone fragility.

Nausea, Abdominal cramp, diarrhea, genetic disorder

New food pyramidhttp://www.mypyramid.gov

Digestion begins in the mouth. The mouth contains saliva and an

enzyme called salivary amylase, which begins the process of digestion of starch.

Teeth chew food and the tongue forms it into a bolus for swallow

The Mouth and teethThe Mouth and teeth

The pharynx and esophagusThe pharynx and esophagus

The pharynx an esophagus are for food passage to the stomach.

Peristalsis is a contraction that pushes the food along the digestive tract, which happens in the esophagus.

There is a sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach.

The StomachThe Stomach

The stomach can expand to accommodate food.

When food is present the stomach churns, mixing food with gastric juice.

The juice contains the enzyme pepsin with digest proteins.

The stomach empties in about 2-6 hours.

When food leaves the stomach it is liquid.

Small IntestineSmall Intestine

Is about 6 to 7 m in length. Bile emulsifies fat and

facilitates absorption of nutrients (sugars) an the lymphatic system (fats).

After nutrients are absorbed they are carried to all cells of the body through the bloodstream.

The liver, pancreas The liver, pancreas and gallbladderand gallbladder The pancreas produces

panchreatic juice, which has enzymes for digestion of food.

Liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder.