Digital Bomb Calorimeter Manual

8/9/2019 Digital Bomb Calorimeter Manual

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DIGITAL BOMB CALORIMETER

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Manufactured by:

Toshniwal Technologies Pvt. Ltd.B-48, Phase I

Mayapuri Industrial Area,

NewDelhi-11!4 India

"el : 11-4#!1$%%$,$81144$#fa& ' 11-4#!1$%%(

e )ail : fact*ry+t*shniwaldelhic*)


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TOSHNIWAL BOMB CALORIMETER WITH DIGITAL DIFFERENTIALTEMPERATURE / FIRING UNIT

1. INTRODUCTION

A Bomb Calorimeer mea!"re! #e amo"$ o% #ea &e$erae' (#e$ maer i!b"r$ i$ a !eale' )#amber * Bomb+ i$ a$ amo!,#ere o% ,"re O-&e$ &a!.

To!#$i(al Bomb Calorimeer ,roi'e! a !im,le i$e-,e$!ie e a))"raeme#o' %or #e 'eermi$aio$ o% #ea o% )omb"!io$0 Calori%i) al"e a$' #eS"l,#"r )o$e$! o% !oli' 2 li3"i' %"el!. T#e o"%i ,roi'e' i! )om,lee %or#e a$al!i! a! ,er me#o'! re)omme$'e' b #e I$'ia$ Sa$'ar' I$!i"e* IS 4 1567 81767+0 Brii!# Sa$'ar' I$!i"e * BS 191:4 Par 6417:;+ a$'#e I$!i"e o% Perole"m * IP 1


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5. DEFINITIONS AND UNITS4

Calorimeri) mea!"reme$! i$ole #e "!e o% ario"! em,era"re a$'e$er& "$i!. I$ or'er o aoi' error! a$' )o$%"!io$ i$ #e i$er,reaio$ o%

#e!e 'aa0 #eir relaio$!#i,! !#o"l' be (ell "$'er!oo'.

TEMPERATURE4 Ma be mea!"re' i$ ei#er Fa#re$#ei or )e$i&ra'e'e&ree!. A em,era"re )#a$&e o% 1oC )orre!,o$'! o a )#a$&e o% 1.?oFTIME 4 I i! )"!omaril mea!"re' i$ mi$"e! 2 !e)o$'!.MASS 4 I i! e-,re!!e' i$ &ram!HEAT ENERG@4 Ma be e-,re!!e' ei#er a! )alorie! * )al+ or Brii!# T#ermalU$i! * B"+. Calorie i! #e ba!i) "$i i$ #i! !!em a$' e3"al! o .1?:?ab!ol"e o"le! a$' i! 'e%i$e' a! #e #ea e$er& re3"ire' o rai!e #e

em,era"re o% o$e &ram o% (aer b o$e 'e&ree )e$i&ra'e a 16.6:

o

C.T#eBrii!# T#ermal U$i e3"al! o


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. CHARACTERISTIC REUIREMENTS4

1. BOMB 4 W#e$ #e !am,le b"r$!0 #e ,re!!"re o% &a!e! i$)rea!e! ra,i'l.T#e Bomb (all!0 li'! 2 oi$! !#o"l' be !ro$& e$o" o (i#!a$' #e

ma-im"m (or=i$& ,re!!"re! a$' #ere !#o"l' be $o lea=!. Normal (or=i$&,re!!"re! are abo" 59 amo!,#ere! a$' oerloa' ,re!!"re! ,ea= ", o199 amo!,#ere!.


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&rooe. T#e me#o' o% aa)#i$& %"!e (ire i! &ie$ i$ Se)io$ ;. Ea)# ro' i!al!o ,roi'e' (i# a ri$& o ,re!! #e %"!e (ire #a aa)#e' o i.

T#e ",,er !i'e o% #e li' i! al!o ,roi'e' (i# a !mall #oo= %or li%i$& i a$'

(i# a S)#ra'er ale %or %illi$& O-&e$ i$ #e Bomb. T#e S)#ra'er ale i!,roi'e' (i# a mealli) )a,.

EACH BOMB IS TESTED FOR ITS PERFORMANCE AS PER THEREUIREMENTS OF THE INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM* IP1< / :5T+. THE TEST IS CONDUCTED AT A PRESSURE OF 599ATMOSPHERES AND THE PRESSURE IS MAINTAINED FOR A PERIOD OF19 MINUTES WITHOUT AN@ SIGN OF LEAAGE.

WATER ACET4 I i! ma'e o% Sai$le!! !eel a$' i! #il ,oli!#e' o$ #eo"!i'e a$' al!o i$!i'e o mi$imie ra'iaio$ lo!!e!. T#e o, o% #e a)=e)arrie! a ro' o #ol' #e !irrer "$i0 a #ole o i$!er #e em,era"re ,robea$' a !mall ,i,e #ro" (#i)# (aer i! a''e'. T#i! ,i,e al!o !",,or! #e#ermomeer %or mea!"ri$& em,era"re i$!i'e #e a)=e. OPTIONALL@a)=e (i# o, )oer i! ,roi'e' (i# !,e)ial #il i$!"lae' maerial oma=e em,era"re ra'iaio$ ,ra)i)all $il. Wi# #i! ,roi!io$0 Tem,era"re)orre)io$ o &e #e %i$al a$' )orre) re!"l! i! $o re3"ire'. T#i! ,roi!io$al!o elimi$ae! #e (aer ,i,e a$' a)=e #ermomeer. T#i! a)=e i!

e!!e$ial (#e$ #e !!em i! !",,lie' (i# RS


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DIGITAL DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE / FIRING UNIT *DDT/FU+ 4 T#i!elimi$ae! #e re3"ireme$! o%a. Be)=ma$ T#ermomeer

b. ibraor). Timer'. Ill"mi$aor (i# Ma&$i%ier

T#e Di&ial Di%%ere$ial Tem,era"re / Firi$& U$i (i# ele)ro$i) TimerBee, #ae #e %ollo(i$& %ea"re!4

Tem,era"re I$'i)aio$ 5 Di&i Di&ial 'i!,la

Di%%ere$ial Tem,era"re ra$&e 9 19°C

Rea'i$& A))"ra) o% em,era"re ±

9.91°

CFiri$& ola&e %or Bomb 1< AC

LED I$'i)aio$ %or %ilame$ )o$i$"i

LED I$'i)aio$ %or Bomb Comb"!io$ F"r#er 'eail! abo" #e )o$$e)io$ !ei$& 2 o,eraio$ o% DDT/FU ,lea!e!ee !e)io$ $o. 15

PRESSURE GAUGE WITH FINE REGULATING ALE 4 A$ a))"rae

,re!!"re &a"&e i! !",,lie' %or #e mea!"reme$ o% ,re!!"re o% O-&e$ i$ #eBomb. T#e 'ial i! &ra'"ae' %rom 9 o ;9 &./Cm


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ea!ier o #a$'le #a$ loo!e !am,le!. T#e ,elle! !#o"l' $o be ma'e er#ar' a! e-)e!!ie #ar'$e!! lea'! o b"r!i$& ",o$ i&$iio$ )o$!e3"e$ (i#i$)om,lee )omb"!io$.

CRUCIBLE4 Ni)=el allo )r")ible! are o%%ere' a! !a$'ar' (i# #ei$!r"me$. "ar0 Plai$"m a$' Sai$le!! Seel )r")ible! are bei$& o%%ere'a! o,io$al.

IGNITION WIRE4 Ni)#rome (ire i! !",,lie' (i# #e i$!r"me$. Plai$"m a!a$ o,io$.

:. REAGENTS0 SAMPLES 2 SAMPLE HOLDERS0STANDARD SAMPLES4

BENOIC ACID4 I i! )ommo$l "!e' a! a )alori%i) !a$'ar'*:517J


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$o be more #a$ 1.19 &ram!. W#e$ !ari$& e!! (i# $e( or "$%amiliarmaerial!0 i i! al(a! be! o "!e !am,le! o% le!! #a$ o$e &ram. No more#a$ 190999 )alorie! !#o"l' be liberae' i$ a$ e!! a$' i i! a'i!able o(or= (i# ma!! liberai$& le!! #a$ ;999 )alorie!.

SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF SOLID SAMPLES4I i! $e)e!!ar #a!oli' !am,le! be air'r a$' &ro"$' "$il all ,ari)le! ,a!! #ro" a :9 me!#!)ree$. T#e ,ari)le !ie i! im,ora$ be)a"!e #e )omb"!io$ rea)io$,ro)ee'! o )om,leio$ (i# i$ a %e( !e)o$'!0 a$' i% a$ o% #e i$'ii'"al,ari)le i! oo lar&e i (ill $o b"r$ )om,leel. A !am,le #a i! oo %i$el'ii'e' ma al!o be 'i%%i)"l o b"r$ be)a"!e e-remel !mall ,ari)le! )a$ be!(e, o" o% #e )omb"!io$ )a,!"le b #e "rb"le$ &a!e!0 a$' i% i %all o#e boom o% #e bomb (i#o" bei$& i&$ie'0 #e e! (ill &ie erro$eo"!

re!"l!. To!#$i(al ,elle ,re!! o%%er! a ,o!!ible !ol"io$ o #e ,roblem o%i$)om,lee )omb"!io$ i$ #e )a!e! o% %i$el 'ii'e' !am,le!.

ANTHRACITES AND COE 4 W#ile e!i$& a$#ra)ie )oal!0 )o=e or o#ermaerial o% !lo( b"r$i$& )#ara)eri!i)!0 i ma be 'i%%i)"l o !e)"re i&$iio$a$' )om,lee )omb"!io$ o% #e e$ire !am,le. I$ #e!e )a!e!0 #e !am,le i!&ro"$' %i$e e$o" o ,a!! #ro" IS Siee


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HEA@ OILS 4 Oil! a$' o#er li3"i'! (#i)# are $o$ olaile a roomem,era"re )a$ be (eie' 'ire)l i$ o )r")ible. T#e loo, o% #e %"!e!#o"l' be ,o!iio$e' "! aboe #e !"r%a)e o% #e !am,le. No$ olaile li3"i'!

)a$ al!o be (eie' a$' #a$'le' i$ &elai$ )a,!"le!.

EKPLOSIE AND HIGH ENERG@ FUELS4 S,e)ial ,re)a"io$! m"! beob!ere' (#e$ e!i$& maerial! (#i)# relea!e lar&e ol"me! o% &a!e! ",o$i&$iio$ or (#i)# 'eo$ae (i# e-,lo!ie %or)e. I i! ,o!!ible o e! ma$!lo( b"r$i$& &"$ ,o('er! a$' ro)=e ,ro,ella$! i$ )o$e$io$al bomb!0 b"#e "!er m"! "$'er!a$' #a #e!e bomb! are $o 'e!i&$e' o (i#!a$'#e !#o)= ,re!!"re ,ro'")e' b )erai$ ,rimer! a$' o#er mi-"re! (#i)#'eo$ae (i# e-,lo!ie %or)e. I i! m")# !a%er o e! #e!e i$ a !,e)ial #i

,re!!"re o-&e$ bomb.

Ea)# $e( e-,lo!ie !am,le or #i e$er& %"el i$ro'")e! !,e)ial ,roblem!0(#i)# )a$ be !ole' o$l b )are%"l e-,erime$aio$. U!"all i (ill be (ell oob!ere #e b"r$i$& o% a !mall amo"$ o% a !am,le oer a$ o,e$ %lame o'eermi$e #e e-,lo!ie be#aio"r a$' #e$ o ,ro)ee' o bomb )omb"!io$"!i$& o$l o$e e$# or o$e%i%# o% #e "!"al amo"$ o% !am,le. F"r#eri$)rea!e! ", o #e 190999 )alorie! ma-im"m ,ermi!!ible !#o"l' be ma'e&ra'"all0 a$' o$l a%er all ei'e$)e! i$'i)ae! #e ab!e$)e o% iole$be#aio"r.

;. SETTING UP AND ASSEMBL@4

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 4 T#e lab i$ (#i)# #e )alorimeer i! o o,erae!#o"l' be e3"i,,e' (i# ma$ o% #e %a)iliie! )ommo$l "!e' %or )#emi)ala$al!i!. T#e!e i$)l"'e 'e!= !,a)e0 r"$$i$& (aer0 a$ a$ali)al bala$)e0a,,ara"! %or ma=i$& ol"meri) iraio$! a$' mi!)ella$eo"! iem! o% lab(are. T#e )alorimeer !#o"l' be "!e' i$ a room (#ere %l")"aio$! i$em,era"re )a$ be aoi'e'. I$ ,ari)"lar0#e i$!r"me$ !#o"l' $o be a=e$%rom o$e )#amber o a$o#er )#amber mai$ai$e' a a 'i%%ere$ em,era"reimme'iael be%ore "!e. S"%%i)ie$ ime m"! be allo(e' %or e3"aliaio$ o%em,era"re #ro"o" #e a)=e be%ore !ari$& o "!e #e )alorimeer.All ,ar! o% #e )alorimeer !#o"l' be =e, )lea$ a$' 'r0 a$' #e i$!i'e o%

7


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#e a)=e !#o"l' be (i,e' )lea$ o remoe a$ moi!"re (#i)# ma #ae)o$'e$!e' o$ #e (all!. Be%ore !ari$& o "!e a $e( )alorimeer i i!a'i!able o a!!emble all ,ar! o% #e a,,ara"! (i#o" a )#ar&e i$ #e bomba$' (i#o" (aer i$ #e b")=e a$' be !"re #a eer#i$& i! i$ ,er%e)

(or=i$& or'er.

ASSEMBL@ OF CALORIMETER PARTS4 Pla)e #e !ar !",,or *PC+ a #eboom o% #e a)=e a$' !e i !o #a #e le& #ai$& #ole i! %ie' i$ #e!lo ,roi'e' a #e ba!e o% #e (aer a)=e. Pla)e #e b")=e o$ #e !ar!",,orer !o #a #e ,i$ o"!i'e o% #e b")=e i! %ie' i$ #e #ole o% #ele& o% #e !ar !",,or. Pla)e #e !ar* mealli)+ i$ #e b")=e i$ !")# a (a #a $o$e o% #e arm )ome! (i#i$ #e!lo ,roi'e' i$ #e b")=e. Li% #e bomb o$ i! !a$' b #oo= a$' ,la)e i o$#e !ar * mealli)+ )li,! i$!i'e #e b")=e. Aa)# #e !",,l )o$$e)io$! o#e ele)ro'e! ,roi'e' o$ #e li' o% #e bomb. Pla)e #e )ombi$e' li' o%b")=e a$' o"er a)=e i$ !")# a (a #a a ,i$ ,roi'e' o$ #e )oer ,laeo% #e a)=e %i! i$o #e !maller &rooe ,roi'e' i$ #e li'.

Mo"$ #e !irrer a!!embl o$ #e !irrer ro' ,roi'e' o$ #e )oer ,lae o%#e )alorimeer a)=e0 ,a!!i$& #e !irrer ,i,e #ro" #e o,e$i$& ,roi'e'i$ #e )ombi$e' li' o% b")=e a$' #e o"er a)=e. T#e )o$$e)i$& lea'!aa)#e' (i# ermi$al! ,roi'e' o$ #e bomb li' are $o( )o$$e)e' o #e(o ermi$al! ,roi'e' o$ #e )oer o% #e )alorimeer a)=e. T#e

)o$$e)io$! are #e$ %"r#er a=e$ o #e Di&ial Di%%ere$ial Tem,era"re /Firi$& U$i *DDT/FU+. Similarl !irrer )o$$e)io$! are al!o )o$$e)e' oDDT/FU (#i)# i! %"r#er )o$$e)e' o #e AC Mai$! *


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!i'e !o #a #e %lame emer&i$& %rom i (ill $o im,i$&e 'ire)l o$ #e o, o%#e !rai ele)ro'e.

PLATINUM FUSE ARRANGEMENT4 Plai$"m %"!e (ire )a$ be aa)#e' o

#e ele)ro'e! i$ #e ma$$er 'e!)ribe' aboe b" mo! Plai$"m (ire i&$iio$,ro)e'"re! re3"ire )oo$ or $lo$ #rea' o )arr o$ i&$iio$ %lame o #e!am,le. Wi$' o" %ie "r$! o% (ire aro"$' a < mm 'iameer ro' a$' #e$remoi$& #e ro' (ill %orm! a )oil. T#e re!"li$& )oil i! #e$ )o$$e)e'be(ee$ #e ele)ro'e! a$' arra$&e' o o$e !i'e o% #e )", (i# #e a-i! o%#e )oil! ,oi$i$& o(ar'! #e !am,le. A !#or le$&# o% #rea' i! #e$i$!ere' #ro" #e )oil a$' i$o #e )r")ible.

WATER IN THE BOMB4 Pla)e


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)o$ai$er a$' $o i$ #e )alorimeer b")=e. T#e o,eraor m"! al!o ma=e!"re #a #ere i! $o moi!"re o$ #e o"!i'e !"r%a)e o% #e b")=e (#e$ ii! ,la)e' i$ #e a)=e.

?. OPERATING THE BOMB CALORIMETER4

A))"rael (ei abo" o$e &ram o% #e air 'rie' maerial &ro"$' o ,a!!#ro" IS Siee


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NOTE4 I i! 'e!irable o =ee, #e a)=e em,era"re a$' #e roomem,era"re a! )lo!e o #e )alorimeer em,era"re a! ,o!!ible. T#e a)=ea$' room em,era"re !#o"l' #ere%ore be re)or'e'.

Remoe #e bomb %rom #e )alorimeer a$' a%er a la,!e o% abo" #al% a$#o"r %rom #e ime o% %iri$& allo(i$& #e a)i' mo! o !ele0 relea!e #e,re!!"re b o,e$i$& #e ale. eri% #a #e )omb"!io$ #a! bee$)om,lee' b $oi$& #e ab!e$)e o% a$ !oo 'e,o!i (i# i$ #e bomb. T#e,re!e$)e o% a$ ra)e o% !oo 'e,o!i i$'i)ae! i$)om,lee )omb"!io$ a$'i$ali'ae #e e!.

Wa!# o" #e )o$e$! o% #e bomb (i# #o 'i!ille' (aer i$o a #ar' &la!!bea=er (a!#i$& #e bomb )a, a$' #e )r")ible. A'' a mea!"re' e-)e!!0 !a


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o% a )alorimeri) 'eermi$aio$. T#e e%%e)ie #ea )a,a)i #a! aem,era"re 'e,e$'e$) !i$)e #e !,e)i%i) #ea! o% #e )o$!i"e$ ,ar! o%#e !!em ar (i# em,era"re. T

W#ere

W > E$er& e3"iale$ o% )alorimeer i$ )alorie! ,er 'e&ree )e$i&ra'e

H > Hea o% )omb"!io$ o% !a$'ar' be$oi) a)i' i$ )alorie! ,er &m.

M > Ma!! o% !a$'ar' be$oi) a)i' !am,le i$ &ram!

T > Corre)e' em,era"re ri!e i$ 'e&ree! )e$i&ra'e

E1 > Corre)io$ %or #ea o% )omb"!io$ o% #rea'! i$ )alorie! E Corre)io$ %or #ea o% )omb"!io$ o% %iri$& (ire i$ )alorie!.

EKAMPLE

7.1 Sa$'ar'iaio$ (i# a 9.776 &m! be$oi) a)i' !am,le * :517 )al/&m+,ro'")e' a $e )orre)e' em,era"re ri!e o%


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m&+ o% Ni)#rome (ire a$' ? )m * 6 m&+ o% )oo$ #rea' (ere)o$!"me' i$ #e %iri$&.

S"b!i"i$& i$ #e !a$'ar'iaio$ e3"aio$4

H > :517 )al/&mM > 90776 &mE1 > * 1?. m&+ * .556 )al/m&+E * 6m&+ * .1?9 )al/m&+

> :.<


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$iro&e$ a$'0 i% $e)e!!ar0 %or #e !o"r)e o% )o$!a$ #ea &ai$ are a,,lie' o&ie #e r"e #ea relea!e.19.1 PRECAUTIONS4

T#e o,eraor m"! %ollo( #e %ollo(i$& ba!i) ,oi$! i$ or'er o o,erae #i!o-&e$ bomb !a%el4

a. Do $o "!e oo m")# !am,le. T#e bomb )a$$o be e-,e)e' o (i#!a$'#e e%%e)! o% )omb"!ible )#ar&e! (#i)# liberae more #a$ 190999)alorie!. T#i! &e$erall limi! #e oal (ei o% )omb"!ible maerial* !am,le &elai$0 %iri$& oil or a$ )omb"!ible ai'+ o $o more #a$1.19&m. Do $o )#ar&e (i# more o-&e$ #a$ i! $e)e!!ar a$' 'o $o %ire#e bomb i% a$ oer)#ar&e o% o-&e$ !#o"l' a))i'e$all be a'mie'.

b. ee, all ,ar! o% #e bomb0 e!,e)iall #e i$!"lae' ele)ro'e a!!embl i$&oo' re,air a all ime!. Do $o %ire #e bomb i% &a! b"bble! are lea=i$&%rom #e bomb (#e$ i i! !"bmer&e' i$ (aer.

). Sa$' ba)= %rom #e )alorimeer %or a lea! 16 !e)o$'! a%er %iri$& a$'aboe all0 =ee, )lear o% #e o, o% #e )alorimeer. I% #e bomb e-,lo'e!0i i! mo! li=el #a #e %or)e o% e-,lo!io$ (ill be 'ire)e' ",(ar'!.

'. Pro)ee' (i# )a"io$ a$' "!e o$l a %ra)io$ o% #e allo(able ma-im"m!am,le (#e$ e!i$& $e( maerial! (#i)# b"r$ ra,i'l0 or (#i)# #aee-,lo!ie )#ara)eri!i)!.

19.< CAUSES OF POOR COMBUSTION4

A$ i$)om,lee )omb"!io$ i$ #e o-&e$ bomb i! $earl al(a! '"e o o$e ormore o% #e %ollo(i$& )a"!e!4

a. E-)e!!iel0 ra,i' a'mi!!io$ o% &a! o #e bomb '"ri$& )#ar&i$&0 )a"!i$&,ar o% #e !am,le o be blo($ o" o% #e )",.

b. Loo!e or ,o('er )o$'iio$ o% #e !am,le i$ #e )", ,rior o i&$iio$)a"!i$& ee)io$ '"e o iole$)e o% )omb"!io$.

). T#e "!e o% a !am,le )o$ai$i$& )oar!e ,ari)le! (#i)# )a$ $o b"r$ rea'il(i# )oal0 !")# ,ari)le! are "!"all oo lar&e o ,a!! #ro" a :9 me!#!)ree$.

'. T#e "!e o% a !am,le i$ #e %orm o% ,elle (#i)# #a! bee$ ma'e oo #ar')a"!i$& !,illi$& a$' #e ee)io$ o% %ra&me$! '"ri$& #eai$&.

1:


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e. U!e o% a$ i&$iio$ )"rre$ oo lo( o i&$ie #e )#ar&e or oo #i )a"!i$&#e %"!e o brea= be%ore )omb"!io$ i! (ell "$'er (a.

%. I$!erio$ o% #e %"!e (ire loo, belo( #e !"r%a)e o% a loo!e !am,le. Be!re!"l! are obai$e' b barel o")#i$& #e !"r%a)e o% #e !am,le or ee$

#a$&i$& #e (ire !lil aboe #e !"r%a)e.&. U!e o% $o e$o" o-&e$ o b"r$ #e )#ar&e )om,leel or )o$er!el0#e "!e o% a er #i i$iial &a! ,re!!"re (#i)# ma rear' 'eelo,me$o% #e re3"ire' "rb"le$)e '"ri$& )omb"!io$.

19.5 SOURCE OF CONSTANT HEAT GAIN4

a. Coo$ 4 Deermi$e #e (ei0 a%er 'ri$& a 1969C0 o% a =$o($ le$&# o%)oo$ a$' "!i$& #e )alori%i) al"e o% )ell"lo!e * 1?9 )al / &+0 )al)"lae

#e #ea relea!e %rom #e !a$'ar' le$&#.b. Firi$& Wire4 Deermi$e #e (ei o% a ,ie)e o% (ire e3"al i$ le$&# o#e 'i!a$)e be(ee$ #e ,ole! o% #e bomb a$' )al)"lae #e #earelea!e b allo(i$& %or Ni)=le 8 )#romi"m 5.56 )al a$' %or ,lai$"m 1.9)al / 9.91&m.

). T#e !"m *3+ o% #e!e i! "!"all abo"


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em,era"re o% #e (aer i$ #e e!!el belo( #a o% #e (aer i$ #e a)=ea #e ime o% %iri$& a$' (i#i$ ± 1.9o C0 ,re%erabl ± 9.6o C0 o% i a #e e$'o% #e )#ie% ,erio'. *b+ a lo( #ea o% !irri$& a$' *)+a lo( lo!! b ea,oraio$.T#e )orre)io$ ma be a,,lie' b #e "!e o% Re&$a"l 8 P%a"$'ler %orm"la or

#e Di)=i$!o$ %orm"la. I$ 'eermi$i$& #e (aer e3"iale$ #e !ame %orm"la#a! o be "!e'. No )ooli$& )orre)io$ i! $e)e!!ar (#e$ "!i$& SPECIALINSULATED ACET OR ADIABATIC T@PE ACET0 ,roi'e' #a #e#ermal )o$'iio$! o% #e 'eermi$aio$ are !"b!a$iall #e !ame a! #o!ei$ #e 'eermi$aio$ o% #e #ea)a,a)i0 #a i! #e %iri$& em,era"re a$' #ea relea!e are a,,. Co$!a$a$' #e le$&# o% #e )#ie% ,erio' i! %i-e'. We #ere "$'er &ie Di)=i$!o$)orre)io$ %orm"la a! Re&$a"l 8 P%a"$'ler * RP+ )orre)io$ %orm"la i! er)"mber!ome a$' i! 'i%%i)"l o "$'er!a$' a$' a,,l.

Di)=i$!o$ Corre)io$4 I !#o"l' al!o be a,,lie' %or %i$'i$& #e (aere3"iale$ or #e #ea )a,a)i o% #e a,,ara"!.

Cooli$& )orre)io$ > * T a 8 T 9 + * T $ 8 T a+

W#ere > rae o% %all o% em,era"re ,er mi$"e i$ #e ,relimi$ar ,erio'* i% #e em,era"re i! ri!i$& '"ri$& #i! ,erio' #e$ i! $e&aie+

0 > rae o% %all o% em,era"re ,er mi$"e i$ #e a%er ,erio'

T a > T#e ime i$ mi$"e! a em,era"re 9> 9.:9*

19.6 SULPHUR CORRECTION 4

T#i! a=e! i$o a))o"$ #e e-ra #ea relea!e' i$ #e bomb (#ere0 "$'er,re!!"re a$' i$ #e ,re!e$)e o% O-i'e! o% $iro&e$ a$' (aer0 #e S"l,#"r i$#e %"el i! )o$ere' i$o !"l,#"ri) a)i'. T#e )orre)io$ i$ #e 'i%%ere$)ebe(ee$ #e #ea relea!e' '"e o #i! a$' #a '"e o #e )o$er!io$ o% #eS"l,#"r i$o &a!eo"! S"l,#"r 'io-i'e0 i amo"$! o


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19.: NITROGEN CORRECTION 4

T#e $iro&e$ )orre)io$ a=e! a))o"$ o% #e %a) #a ,ar o% #e $iro&e$

o% #e %"el a$' o% #a i$ #e air ori&i$all ,re!e$ i$ #e bomb i! )o$ere'i$o $iri) a)i' i$ #e bomb. T#e )orre)io$ i! #e #ea relea!e' '"e o #erea)io$ (#i)# 'oe! $o o))"r a amo!,#eri) ,re!!"re0 i amo"$! o 1.5 )al,er millilier o% 9.1 N $iri) a)i' %orme'. Si$)e i #a! bee$ !#o($ o be)o$!a$ %or a )o$!a$ #ea relea!e i$ a &ie$ bomb (#e$ b"r$i$& bi"mi$o"!)oal! a$' be$oi) a)i'0 i ma be a!!e!!e' (#e$ 'eermi$i$& #e e%%e)ie#ea )a,a)i #a o$l $iri) a)i' bei$& ,re!e$ i$ #e (a!#i$&!. A'eermi$aio$ o% $iri) a)i' m"! be ma'e (#e$ e!i$& a$ a$#ra)ie. W#e$'eermi$i$& i a%er #e )omb"!io$ o% a %"el0 #e a)i'i '"e o $iri) a)i' i!

#e 'i%%ere$)e be(ee$ #e oal a)i'i a$' #a '"e o !"l,#"ri) a)i' * 9.91& o% S"l,#"r 8 :.


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)alorie! %or ea)# 9.91 &m o% S"l,#"r %o"$' %rom #e oal )alorie! 'eelo,e'.W#il! #e )ooli$& )orre)io$ i! a''e' i$ bo# #e 'eermi$aio$ o% (aere3"iale$ a$' o% #e )alori%i) al"e o% a %"el0 #e )oo$ )orre)io$!0 #e#ea o% %iri$&0 #e S"l,#"r a$' $iro&e$ )orre)io$! are !"bra)e' %rom #e

ob!ere' )alori%i) al"e0 #o" !")# )orre)io$! a! are a,,ro,riae (erea''e' o #e #ea relea!e %rom #e be$oi) a)i' o 'eermi$e #e (aere3"iale$. T#e )alori%i) al"e !#o"l'0 i% $e)e!!ar0 be )orre)e' "!i$& #emoi!"re )o$e$ 'eermi$e' a #e !ame ime a! #e )alori%i) al"e0 o #e!ame moi!"re )o$e$ a! #a re,ore' %or #e ,ro-imae a$al!i!.

19.? ROUNDING OFF4

Ro"$' o%% #e mea$ o% #e al"e! or #e !i$&le al"e o #e $eare! 19 )al/&

19.7 TOLERANCES4

T#e re!"l! o% #e '",li)ae 'eermi$aio$! i$ o$e laboraor !#o"l' a&ree o(i#i$ 199 )al/& a$' #o!e be(ee$ 'i%%ere$ laboraorie! o (i#i$ 1


21/24

a!i'e o 'eermi$e #e oal a)i'i. To 'eermi$e S"l,#"r )o$e$ $e"ralie#e 69 ml ,orio$ (i# )o$)e$rae' #'ro)#lori) a)i' a$' a'' o$e ml i$e-)e!!. Boil %or %ie mi$"e! o remoe )arbo$ 'io-i'e a$' a'' )o$)e$rae'ammo$ia !ol"io$ "$il #e li3"i' i! $e"ral o me#l ora$&e. A'' o$e millilier

o% )o$)e$rae' #'ro)#lori) a)i'.

Ma=e ", #e ol"me o% #e !ol"io$ o a,,. 169 ml (i# 'i!ille' (aer. Coer#e bea=er a$' #ea "$il #e !ol"io$ boil! a$' #e$ re'")e #e #eai$&!lil "$il abl"io$ )ea!e!. T#e$ a'' (i# a 'elier ime o% a,,.


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15. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR DIGITAL DIFFERENTIALTEMPERATURE / FIRING UNIT * DDT/FU+

T#e DDT/FU )o$!i!! o% #e %iri$& "$i alo$& (i# #e Di&ial em,era"reI$'i)aor a$' imer. Se #e DDT /FU a! %ollo(!4

1. Se #e Bomb Calorimeer a! ,er #e !erial No. ;


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W - T 8 * E1 E

M


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B-48, Phase I

Mayapuri Industrial Area,

NewDelhi-11!4 India

"el : 11-4#!1$%%$,$81144$#

fa& ' 11-4#!1$%%(

e )ail : fact*ry+t*shniwaldelhic*) Co$)er$e' ,er!o$ 4 Mr .MURARI* 97?:?;6??11+

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Digital Bomb Calorimeter Manual

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