DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

by

Avisek Roy 09/ECE/28

References

Contents

Introduction

History

Key Stages In DIP

Applications

Conclusion

Introduction

A digital image is a representation of a two- dimensional image as a finite set of digital values, called picture elements or pixels.

Digital image processing focuses on two major tasks:Improvement of pictorial information for human interpretationProcessing of image data for storage, transmission and representation for autonomous machine perception

1 pixel

History

In early 1920s

Improved digital image

Early 15 tone digital image

Mid to late 1920s

A picture of the moon taken by the Ranger 7 probe minutes before landing

Typical head slice CAT image

In 1960s

In 1970s

Key Stages in Digital Image Processing

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

SegmentationImage Enhancement

Representation & Description

Problem Domain

Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:Image Acquisition

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

SegmentationImage Enhancement

Representation & Description

Problem Domain

Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:Image Enhancement

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

SegmentationImage Enhancement

Representation & Description

Problem Domain

Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:Image Restoration

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

SegmentationImage Enhancement

Representation & Description

Problem Domain

Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:Morphological Processing

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

SegmentationImage Enhancement

Representation & Description

Problem Domain

Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:Segmentation

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

SegmentationImage Enhancement

Representation & Description

Problem Domain

Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:Object Recognition

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

SegmentationImage Enhancement

Representation & Description

Problem Domain

Applications

Image enhancementArtistic effectsMedical visualisationIndustrial inspectionLaw enforcementHuman computer interfaces

Image Enhancement

Artistic Effects

Effects given in pictures

Special Effects shown in films

Original MRI Image of a Dog Heart Edge Detection Image

Medicine

Original X-Ray Image Enhanced X-Ray Image

Industrial Inspection

PCB Inspection

Law Enforcement

Fingerprint recognition

Number plate recognition

Human Computer Interface

Face Recognition

Gesture Recognition

Conclusion The processing of images is faster and more cost-effective. One needs less time for processing, as well as less film and other photographing equipment. It is more ecological to process images. No processing or fixing chemicals areneeded to take and process digital images. However, printing inks are essentialwhen printing digital images. When shooting a digital image, one can immediately see if the image is good or not. Copying a digital image is easy, and the quality of the image stays good unless it is compressed.

However, it has some disadvantages too. A digital file of a certain size cannot be enlarged with a good quality anymore. For instance, a good poster cannot be made of an image file of 500 kb. However, it is easy to make an image smaller.

References• Picture Processing by Computer, New York: Academic Press, 1969

• “Digital Image Processing”, Rafael C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods, Addison-Wesley, 2002

• “Machine Vision: Automated Visual Inspection and Robot Vision”, David Vernon, Prentice Hall, 1991

• Anil K. Jain, “Fundamentals Of Digital ImageProcessing”, Prentice Hall, 1986

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