Digital RevolutionChee Sim

Erica Ochoa

Setting the Scene• Design fragmented into

specialties

• “Computer Graphics” 1960s

Early Stages• Analog VS. Digital

• Leon Harmon and Kenneth

Knowlton

1981• Graphic User Interface (GUI)

•WYSIWYG

• Bitstream

Pixel• Raster Graphic.

• Bitmap.

• Resolution dependant,

Raster Graphics• Used in photographs.

• Photo editors.

• 72-130ppi Screen Display

• MacPaint and MacDraw in the 80s.

Pixel Art• Susan Kare

Vectors• Mathematical equations

• Points > Lines

• Smaller file size

• Infinite resolution

• Large size printing

MacDraw

Catalina Estrada

LaserWriter• PostScript

• 1985 by Apple

• Mass Market

• Desktop publishing

PageMaker

Emigre Magazine• 1984-2005

• Design discussion

• Rudy VanderLans

Zuzana Licko

1984 1986 2005

PostScript, True Type, Open Type

• PostScript

1985

Two files types

• True Type

Late 1980s

One file

• Open Type

1990s

Cross Platforms

Susan Kare

Sometimes called the Betsy Ross of the personal computer, Ms. Kare did path-breaking work on the original Macintosh.” - THE NEW YORK TIMES

• Designed original Mac icons

• City based typefaces

Digital Revolution for Graphic Designers

The tools of the designer were confused with the

skills of the designer...The accessibility of production

tools undercut the design profession since “anyone”

can make a flier or a brochure.

Johanna Drucker

Work Cited• http://funky70s.wordpress.com/category/apple-computer-2/

• http://prehysteries.blogspot.com/2008/06/leon-d-harmon-

kenneth-knowlton-nude.html

• http://sophia.javeriana.edu.co/~ochavarr/computer_graphics_

history/historia/

• http://www.arts-humanities.net/image/fig_2_vector_raster_

representations

• http://www.imug.com.au/museum-collection/publishing.php

• http://school.anhb.uwa.edu.au/personalpages/kwessen/web/

software/software.html

• http://site.seremeres.com/index.php?page=pixel-art

• http://murder-one.blogspot.com/2008/01/e-boy-godfathers-of-

pixel-is-pixel-art.html

• http://www.re-nest.com/re-nest/decorating/nerd-chic-

bookcase-turned-into-pixel-art-icoeye-153288

Work Cited• http://more-of-chaiyen.blogspot.com/2008/09/isometric-pixel-

art.html

• http://freerangestock.com/understanding/vector_bitmap/Part1_

Bitmap.html

• http://catalinaestrada.com/

• http://designhistory.org/Digital_Revolution.html

• GraphicDesignHistory:ACriticalGuide, Johanna Drucker and

Emily McVarish