Disaster Management Final

8/6/2019 Disaster Management Final

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DISASTERMANAGEMENT


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WHAT IS DISASTER?

Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event bringinggreat damage, loss, and destruction and devastationto life and property. The damage caused by disastersis immeasurable and varies with the geographicallocation, climate and the type of the earth

surface/degree of vulnerability.


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Why?

Climate change is likely to be perceived throughexperience of extreme weather events

Therefore, response to climate change willperhaps happen through adaptation to climatehazards

Important to characterize the institutionalmechanisms and structures in place forresponding to natural (and climate-related)disasters


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Mortality due to naturalhazards 1990 - 2000


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Average annual impacts fromnatural hazards

Mortality: 3600

Crop area: 1.42 million hectares

Property (houses): 2.36 million dwellings


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Exposure to naturalhazards

40 million hectares flood prone (5% of area)

54% area exposed to seismic activity

East coast of India and Gujarat (West coast)exposed to cyclone risk

A preliminary assessment of exposure to majorhazard categories has been done in 1996-1998(as a part of IDNDR) by the Building Materials

Technology Promotion Council of the Ministry ofUrban Development. Check:http://www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htm

Trying to put this information in a GIS format
http://www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htmhttp://www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htm


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Types Of Disaster

Generally, disasters are of two types Naturaland Manmade. Based on the devastation,these are further classified into major/minornatural disaster and major/minor manmade

disasters. Some of the disasters are listedbelow,


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VARIOUS DISASTERSMINOR NATURAL DISASTER:

COLDWAVE

THUNDERSTORM

HEATWAVE

MUDSLIDE

STORM

MINOR MANMADE DISASTER:

ROAD/TRAIN ACCIDENTSRIOTS

FOOD POISONINGINDUSTRIAL DISASTER/CRISISENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

MAJOR NATURAL DISASTER:

FLOOD

CYCLONE

DROUGHT

EARTHQUAKE

MAJOR MANMADE DISASTERS:

SETTING OF FIRESEPIDEMIC

DEFORESTATIONCHEMICAL POLLUTION


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VARIOUS RISK:

Risk is the measure of the unexpected loses dueto hazardous event of a particular magnitudeoccuring in a given area over a specific periodof time .

The level of risk depend on:-

Nature of hazard

Economic value of those elements


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Disaster and Development Cycle


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EffectsWasteCoral Reef DamagesCoastal Zone ImpactsGround water contaminationSiltation issue

Effect on agriculture land

EffectsWasteCoral Reef DamagesCoastal Zone ImpactsGround water contaminationSiltation issue

Effect on agriculture land

Causes

Immediate/ Long -termPopulationDe-forestationHigh ConsumptionClimate Change

Causes

Immediate/ Long -termPopulationDe-forestationHigh ConsumptionClimate ChangeCauses

Effects

Causes

Effects

The Environmentcause-effect cycle

Buildingdisastercapacity

Reduced through multi-stakeholder cooperation

Reduced through awareness, policies & action


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Disasters and Poverty Low-income groups are more vulnerable to natural disasters

In general, floods and cyclones cause maximum damages

and casualties in low-income groups, while earthquakescause more casualties in middle-income groups

Drought and flood affect most people in low and middleincome groups

Lower income groups are more dependent on theimmediate environment

Understanding how humans use environmental assets isimportant for good disaster risk mitigation.


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CYCLONE Cyclones are huge revolving storms caused by

winds blowing around a central area of lowatmospheric pressure. In the northern hemisphere,cyclones are called hurricanes or typhoons and theirwinds blow in an anti-clockwise circle. In the southern

hemisphere, these tropical storms are known ascyclones, whose winds blow in a clockwise circle.
http://library.thinkquest.org/10136/glossary.htm#atmospheric%20pressurehttp://library.thinkquest.org/10136/glossary.htm#atmospheric%20pressure


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WHEN AND WHERE DOCYCLONES OCCUR???

Cyclones begin in tropical regions, such asnorthern Australia, South-East Asia and manyPacific islands. They sometimes drift into thetemperate coastal areas, threatening more

heavily populated regions to the South.Northern Australia has about four or fivetropical cyclones every year during thesummertime wet season. For a cyclone todevelop, the sea surface must have a

temperature of at least 26C.


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CYCLONE DANGER

Cyclones create several dangers for people livingaround tropical areas. The most destructive forceof a cyclone comes from the fierce winds. Thesewinds are strong enough to easily topple fences,

sheds, trees, power poles and caravans.Many people are killed when the cyclone's winds

cause buildings to collapse and houses tocompletely blow away.


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WHEN THE CYCLONESTRIKES

Disconnect all electrical appliances and turn offgas.

If the building starts crumbling, protect yourselfwith mattresses, rugs or blankets under astrong table or bench or hold on to a solidfixture (e.g. a water pipe)

Listen to your transistor radio for updates andadvice.


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Beware of the calm `eye. If the wind suddenlydrops, dont assume the cyclone is over; violentwinds will soon resume from the oppositedirection. Wait for the official all clear.

If driving, stop but well away from the sea andclear of trees, power lines and watercourses.Stay in the vehicle.


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AFTER THE CYCLONE

Do not go outside until officially advised it is safe.

Check for gas leaks. Do not use electricappliances, if wet.

Listen to local radio for official warnings and

advice.Be careful of snake bites and carry a stick or

bamboo


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If you have to evacuate, or did so earlier, do notreturn until advised. Use a recommended route forreturning and do not rush.

Beware of fallen power lines, damaged bridges,buildings and trees, and do not enter thefloodwaters.

Heed all warnings and do not go sightseeing.


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Example: AP cyclone hazardmitigation project outcomes

Hazard mitigation studies (internationalconsultants)

IMD early warning capacity through Dopplerradar

Infrastructure creation and restoration Floods drains & embankments

Road restoration

Storm shelters

Electricity transmission and distribution What about system / process capabilities?


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EARTHQUAKE

Before the earthquake

Now is the time to formulate a safety plan for you andyour family. If you wait until the earth starts toshake, it may be too late. Consider the followingsafety measures:


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Teach family members how to turn off electricity, gas,etc.

Identify places in the house that can provide cover

during an earthquake. It may be easier to make long distance calls during an

earthquake. Identify an out-of-town relative or friendas your familys emergency contact. If the familymembers get separated after the earthquake and are

not able to contact each other, they should contactthe designated relative/friend.


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During quake

Earthquakes give no warning at all. Sometimes, a loudrumbling sound might signal its arrival a few secondsahead of time. Those few seconds could give you achance to move to a safer location. Here are sometips for keeping safe during a quake.

Take cover. Go under a table or other sturdy furniture;kneel, sit, or stay close to the floor. Hold on tofurniture legs for balance.


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If you are in bed, stay there and cover yourself withpillows and blankets

Do not run outside if you are inside. Never use the lift.

> If you are living in a kutchahouse, the best thing to do isto move to an open area where there are no trees, electricor telephone wires.> Move away from windows, mirrors, bookcases and

other unsecured heavy objects.


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If outdoors:

Move into the open, away from buildings,streetlights, and utility wires. Once in the open, stay

there until the shaking stops. If your home is badly damaged, you will have to

leave. Collect water, food, medicine, other essentialitems and important documents before leaving.

Avoid places where there are loose electrical wiresand do not touch metal objects that are in touch withthe loose wires.


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After the quake

Here are a few things to keep in mind after anearthquake. The caution you display in the aftermath

can be essential for your personal safety.

Wear shoes/chappals to protect your feet from debris

After the first tremor, be prepared for aftershocks.Though less intense, aftershocks cause additionaldamages and may bring down weakened structures.


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Listen to a battery-operated radio for the latestemergency information.

Stay out of damaged buildings.

Check for sewage and water lines damage. If yoususpect sewage lines are damaged, avoid using thetoilets. If water pipes are damaged, avoid using

water from the tap.

Use the telephone only for emergency calls.


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FLOODS Before flooding occurs.

All your family members should know the saferoute to nearest shelter/ raised pucca house.

If your area is flood-prone, consider alternativebuilding materials. Mud walls are more likely to

be damaged during floods.


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Have an emergency kit on hand which includes a: A portable radio, torch and spare batteries;

Stocks of fresh water, dry food (chura, mudi, gur,

biscuits), kerosene, candle and matchboxes;

Waterproof or polythene bags for clothing andvaluables, an umbrella and bamboo stick (to protectfrom snake), salt and sugar.

A first aid kit, manual and strong ropes for tying things


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When you hear a flood warning or if floodingappears likely

Tune to your local radio/TV for warnings and advice.

Keep vigil on flood warning given by local authorities Dont give any importance to rumours and dont panic

Keep dry food, drinking water and clothes ready .Prepare to take bullock carts, other agriculturalequipments, and domestic animals to safer places or

to higher locations. Plan which indoor items you will raise or empty if water

threatens to enter your house


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During floods

Drink boiled water.

Keep your food covered, dont take heavy meals.

Use raw tea, rice-water, tender coconut-water, etc.during diarrhoea; contact your ANM/AWW for ORSand treatment.

Do not let children remain on empty stomach.

Use bleaching powder and lime to disinfect thesurrounding.

Help the officials/volunteers distributing reliefmaterials


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If you need to evacuate

Firstly pack warm clothing, essential medication,valuables, personal papers, etc. in waterproof bags, to

be taken with your emergency kit. Take the emergency kit

Inform the local volunteers (if available), the address ofthe place you are evacuating to.

Raise furniture, clothing and valuables onto beds, tablesand to the top of the roof (electrical items highest).

Turn off power.


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Whether you leave or stay, put sandbags in the toiletbowl and over all laundry / bathroom drain-holes toprevent sewage back-flow.

Lock your home and take recommended/knownevacuation routes for your area.

Do not get into water of unknown depth and current.


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BEFORE A LANDSLIDE:HOW

TO PLAN Learn about the landslide risk in your area.

Landslides occur when they have before, in an

identifiable location.

Ask for information from govt. authorities or expertsabout landslides in your area or places vulnerableto landslides.


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PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN

DURING A LANDSLIDE: Stay alert and awake.listen to radio channels orportables.Be aware of short intense bursts ofrain which could be extremely dangerous aftera heavy rainfall.

If you are in the area susceptible to landslide ordebris flow, consider leaving it to save so.


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Listen to any unusual sounds that might indicate amoving debris, such as knocking of trees together.

If you are near a stream or a channel, be alert about theincrease or decrease of water flow.

Be especially alert while driving.Look out for falling rocks,mud, debris, road collapses etc.


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Watch out for flooding which may occur after thelandslide. Flooding sometimes follows landslides.

Check the building, chimney and surroundinglandscape for damage.

Re-plant the damaged agricultural land because soil

erosion can result in flash flooding.


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AMBOORI DEBRIS FLOW

OCCURRED ON 9TH NOVEMBER IN KERELA.

N ti l


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National responsemechanism


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GOI D t t f


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GOI Departments forDisaster Response

Armed Forces-Ministry of Defense

Central Para Military Forces- Ministry ofHome Affairs

International Response- Ministry of ExternalAffairs

DISASTER MANAGEMENT


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DISASTER MANAGEMENTPOLICY- SALIENT

FEATURES* Recognition of linkages between natural disasters and development

* Connecting of specific programmes like DPAP, DDP,

NWDPRA and Wasteland Development Programme for

managing natural disasters

* Emphasis on forecasting and warning using advanced technology

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Disaster Management Final

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