Sixth Meeting of the Expert Group on Environment Statistics
New York, 21-23 May 2019
Rayén Quiroga
Chief, Environment and Climate Change Statistics AreaDivisión de Estadísticas, Comisión Económica para A. Latina y el Caribe
Disaster statistics and indicators in Latin America and the Caribbean
Sixth Meeting of the Expert Group on Environment Statistics Session Three: Climate Change Statistics – Thursday 23rd 2019
Irma, José, María: intense 2017 hurricane season in a highly-vulnerable region
Roseau, Dominica’s capital city after Maria, Sept. 2017
La Habana after Irma, Sept 2017
Outline
Selected LAC extreme events and disasters SDG/Sendai indicators1
3
2The role of National Statistical Offices in measuring hazardous events, disasters and disaster risk reduction
1. Data availability 2. Challenges and opportunities for disaster
statistics production in LAC
Recommendations and next steps
Source: ECLAC, based on the Resolution A/RES/71/276 (Feb. 2017)
When extreme events turn into disasters
EVENTS
HAZARDOUS
EVENTS
No
disaster
Disaster
Threat
Exposure
Vulnerability
RISK FACTORS
OF DISASTERS
Capacity
A. Selected LAC extreme events and disasters SDG/Sendai indicators
6
Number of disasters in LAC, 1990-2017, by type of disaster
Source: EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database - Universite catholique de Louvain (UCL) - CRED, D. Guha-Sapir - www.emdat.be, Brussels, Belgium (http://www.emdat.be).Entered April 2018
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
Geofísico Hidrológico Metereológico Climatológico
Nu
mb
er
of
dis
ast
ers
7
Source: EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database - Universite catholique de Louvain (UCL) - CRED, D. Guha-Sapir - www.emdat.be, Brussels, Belgium (http://www.emdat.be).Entered April 2018
Map of LAC by number of disasters, 1990-2017
Number of disasters in LAC, 1990-2017
8Cada cuadrado representa 5 eventos. En el caso de los desplazamientos de masa seca, cada cuadrado representa menos de 2 eventos.
Fuente: Source: EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database - Universite catholique de Louvain (UCL) - CRED, D. Guha-Sapir - www.emdat.be, Brussels, Belgium (http://www.emdat.be).Actualizado en abril de 2018
Number of human deaths and directly affected personsdue to disasters in LAC,1990-2017
9Fuente: Source: EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database - Universite catholique de Louvain (UCL) - CRED, D. Guha-Sapir - www.emdat.be, Brussels, Belgium (http://www.emdat.be).Actualizado en abril de 2018
10
Economic costs (US$) of disasters in LAC 1970-2018 by type of event
Relative human and economic costs of climate-related disasters on continents 1998-2017
11Fuente: Economic losses, Poverty and Disasters, 1998-2017, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) - CRED and UNISDR, 2019.
B. The role of National Statistical Offices in measuring extreme events, disasters and disaster
risk reduction
The role of National Statistical Offices in measuring extreme events, disasters and disaster risk reduction
• Occurrence
• Human impact
• Dwellings
• Infrastructures
• Evacuations, relocations, people receiving aid
•Economic and physical impact
• Impact on natural resources and ecosystems
•R&R expenditure and community effort
•Coping capacity:
•Preparedness (household level)
•Early warning systems
• Investment in DRR
•Hazard (data from past hazards, meteorological statistics…)
•Exposure: population density, land use…
•Vulnerability (age, poverty, disability, gender, slums…)
Before: risk assessment
Before: measuring risk
reduction, mitigation and preparedness
Emergency: measuring
disaster occurrence and first response
After: measuring
recovery and reconstructio
n
Source: ECLAC based on Disaster-related Statistics Framework, Asia-Pacific Expert Group on Disaster-related Statistics, UNESCAP, May 2018.
14
Matching between the Framework for the Development ofEnvironment Statistics (FDES) and Sendai/SDG indicators
B1. Data availability at the national level
in the LAC region
16
ECLAC survey on national statistical capacitiesto produce disaster-related SDG indicators
Brasil
Colombia
Perú
Mexico
Argentina
Bolivia
Venezuela
Paraguay
17
Results: disaster-related SDG indicator statistical production, by indicator
2
2
2
3
5
7
7
9
8
7
9
7
5
11
8
10
8
8
6
8
7
2
7
4
3
2
5
6
4
2
3
1
6
8
5
3
6
5
2
3
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
13.2.1 Número de países que han comunicado el establecimiento o la puesta en marcha deuna política, estrategia o plan integrados que aumenta su capacidad para adaptarse a los
efectos adversos del cambio climático, y promueven la resiliencia al clima y un
13.1.1 Número de países que cuentan con estrategias de reducción del riesgo de desastres anivel nacional y local
1.5.2 Pérdidas económicas causadas directamente por los desastres en relación con elProducto Interior Bruto (PIB) mundial
11.5.2 Pérdidas económicas causadas directamente por los desastres en relación con el PIBmundial, incluidos los daños ocasionados por los desastres en infraestructuras esenciales y las
perturbaciones para servicios básicos
1.5.3 Número de países que cuentan con estrategias de reducción del riesgo de desastres anivel nacional y local
13.1.2 Número de muertes, personas desaparecidas y afectados por desastres por cada100.000 personas
11.5.1 Número de muertes, personas desaparecidas y afectados por desastres por cada100.000 personas
1.5.1 Número de muertes, personas desaparecidas y afectados por desastres por cada100.000 personas
A: Se produce el indicador
B: No se produce el indicador pero se puede producir con las fuentes de información existentes
C: Se tiene alguna información pero es necesario mejorarla o complementarla para producir el indicador
D: No se tiene información para producir el indicador
F: Sin repuesta Source: National statistical capacities survey to produce SDG indicators, ECLAC, Santiago, 2015.
ECLAC survey on national statistical capacitiesto produce disaster-related SDG indicators
18
1429
14100
14
29
2914
71
29
43
29
292929
5714
29
5743
2929
7129
14
71
86
4314
1414
14
2957
1414
5714
57
1443
5743
1429
1457
4329
29
7129
14
1429
1443
14
2929
1457
43
14
4371
43
43
100
14
1486
29100
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Anguila
Antigua y Barbuda
Argentina
Barbados
Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de)
Brasil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Curaçao
Ecuador
El Salvador
Granada
Guatemala
Haití
Honduras
Islas Vírgenes Británicas
Jamaica
México
Panamá
Paraguay
Perú
República Dominicana
San Vicente y las Granadinas
Uruguay
Venezuela (República Bolivariana de)
A. Se produce el indicador
B. No se produce el indicador pero se puede producir con las fuentes de información existentes
C. Se tiene alguna información pero es necesario mejorarla o complementarla para producir el indicador
D. No se tiene información para producir el indicador
E. SIN RESPUESTA
ECLAC survey on national statistical capacitiesto produce disaster-related SDG indicators
Results: disaster-related SDG indicator statistical production, by country
Source: National statistical capacitiessurvey to produce SDG indicators, ECLAC, Santiago, 2015.
19
Why are the indicators not produced?
N. No se ha desarrollado aún una metodología
internacional consensuada
H. Falta de capacidad técnica
2%
A. Falta de recursos económicos
L. No hubo demanda de este indicador hasta ahora
OtrosOtros
31%
35%
7%
25%
ECLAC survey on national statistical capacitiesto produce disaster-related SDG indicators
Source: National statistical capacities survey to produce SDG indicators, ECLAC, Santiago, 2015.
B2. Challenges and opportunities for disaster statistics production
Data availability, sources and definitions challenges
21
• The required data is not collected or data quality does not reach minimum statistical standards
• Multiple and discrepant data sources (administrative registers, remote perception, surveys…)
• Differences between international statistical definitions and national ones (diversity of hazards, diversity of impacts, thresholds…)
• Some definitions are not statistically operative
Institutional challenges
22
• Insufficient awareness of the use and need of statistics
• Inter-institutional coordination mechanisms are not in place or not well functioning
• Dialogue between decision-makers (who need to make emergency time-sensitive decisions) and statisticians building national statistical patrimony according to international principles and guidelines is difficult
• Complexity of impact and DRR assessment: requires national accounting and multi-stakeholders participation (i.e. NGOS, insurance companies, academia), which are non-traditional partners for National Statistical Offices
Key challenge:
how do we statistically measure resilience?
Opportunities for disaster statistics production
• Considerable and untapped potential of geospatial information in disaster and DRR statistics:
– To take advantage of remote perception and sensors to produce new data and statistics
– To geographically represent disaster and DRR indicators, which adds value and allows for better decision-making
• Historical opportunity with Sendai/SDG monitoring frameworks: Very strong push towards disaster and DRR statistics in many LAC countries and from the international community– Assessment (including NDC indicators)
– Awareness and advocacy
– Capacity building
– Regional dialogue and methodology harmonization
Regional mechanism for SDG follow-up: the Forum of LAC countries on Sustainable Development
25
Regional statistical mechanism: the DRR statistics working group (SCA)
• WG: 11 member States• Paraguay and Peru as
coordinators• Technical secretariat:
UNISDR-Americas withsupport from ECLAC
• ECLAC is part of theglobal partnership ondisaster statistics withESCAP, UNSD, UNISDR and UNECE
Conclusion
27
• Seize the historical opportunity to strengthendisaster ocurrence and impact statistics and indicators
– ECLAC regional programme on climate change and disasters indicators framework: looking for partners
• We need to raise awareness and invest in qualityDisaster statistics not only to properly monitor and implement national DRR policies and Sendai but also:
Sixth Meeting of the Expert Group on Environment Statistics
New York, 21-23 May 2019
Environment and Climate Change StatisticsStatistics Division, [email protected]
http://www.cepal.org/es/temas/estadisticas-ambientales
Thank you
