DiseaseDisease

Pages 329-343Pages 329-343

DiseaseDisease

Does not allow the body to Does not allow the body to function normallyfunction normally

Can affect individual organs or Can affect individual organs or an entire body systeman entire body system

Divided into two groups –Divided into two groups –infectious and non-infectiousinfectious and non-infectious

Infectious DiseaseInfectious Disease A disease that can be passed A disease that can be passed

from organism to organismfrom organism to organism Caused by tiny organisms Caused by tiny organisms

called called PATHOGENSPATHOGENS

4 KINDS OF 4 KINDS OF PATHOGENSPATHOGENS

BacteriaBacteria VirusesViruses FungiFungi Protist Protist

Pathogens can come Pathogens can come fromfrom Another personAnother person

Contaminated objectsContaminated objects

Animal biteAnimal bite

Environment Environment

Immune System Immune System responsible forresponsible for distinguishing (telling the distinguishing (telling the

difference) between the difference) between the different kinds of pathogensdifferent kinds of pathogens

Reacting to each kind Reacting to each kind according to its typeaccording to its type

When a pathogen When a pathogen enters the bodyenters the body It works by damaging It works by damaging

individual cells within the individual cells within the organsorgans

In some cases it attacks an In some cases it attacks an entire body systementire body system

Some Infectious Some Infectious Diseases You Should Diseases You Should

KnowKnow ColdsColds FluFlu Strep ThroatStrep Throat Athlete’s FootAthlete’s Foot AIDSAIDS

ColdsColds Illness caused by a viral infection Illness caused by a viral infection

located in the respiratory systemlocated in the respiratory system The cold virus multiplies and attacks The cold virus multiplies and attacks

the mucous membranes of the nose the mucous membranes of the nose and throat causing the common and throat causing the common effects of the cold (sore throat, runny effects of the cold (sore throat, runny nose, fever…)nose, fever…)

Cold Cold can notcan not be treated with an be treated with an antibiotic because it is caused by a antibiotic because it is caused by a virusvirus

FluFlu Influenza,Influenza, commonly known as commonly known as

““the fluthe flu”, is a highly contagious ”, is a highly contagious viral disease of the respiratory viral disease of the respiratory systemsystem

Typically causes fever, muscle Typically causes fever, muscle aches, and a more severe cough aches, and a more severe cough than the common cold and than the common cold and usually lasts longerusually lasts longer

Athlete’s footAthlete’s foot Common fungal infection of the Common fungal infection of the

skin of the feetskin of the feet May be contracted from public May be contracted from public

environments environments Grows in the warm and moist Grows in the warm and moist

environment usually between the environment usually between the toestoes

Difficult to cureDifficult to cure

AIDSAIDS Acquired immunodeficiency Acquired immunodeficiency

syndrome (AIDS)syndrome (AIDS) Caused by the Caused by the human human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV)immunodeficiency virus (HIV) The virus attacks the cells in the The virus attacks the cells in the

immune system making the immune system making the organism unable to fight off other organism unable to fight off other pathogens that may attack the pathogens that may attack the body body

Strep ThroatStrep Throat Contagious disease caused by Contagious disease caused by

bacterial infectionbacterial infection Symptoms include fever, pain, Symptoms include fever, pain,

redness and swelling of the redness and swelling of the throat and tonsilsthroat and tonsils

May produce mild or severe May produce mild or severe symptomssymptoms

Let’s follow the Let’s follow the journey of a journey of a

pathogen as it pathogen as it attacks its victim!attacks its victim!

What type of pathogen is What type of pathogen is Salmonella?Salmonella?

What was the source What was the source of the pathogen?of the pathogen?

Salmonella Salmonella is a bacteriumis a bacterium

What is the first What is the first defense?defense?

Source of the pathogenSource of the pathogen Contaminated foodContaminated food

What does the body What does the body do next to try and do next to try and get rid of the get rid of the pathogen?pathogen?

Stomach acid destroys some Stomach acid destroys some of the bacteriaof the bacteria

Macrophages try to destroy Macrophages try to destroy the the SalmonellaSalmonella

How does How does SalmonellaSalmonella attack the body?attack the body?

Enters the cells of the villi and Enters the cells of the villi and destroys themdestroys them

The destroyed cells release The destroyed cells release distress chemicals distress chemicals

What causes the What causes the diarrhea?diarrhea?

How does How does SalmonellaSalmonella cause your body to cause your body to ache?ache?

The waves of peristalsis are so The waves of peristalsis are so rapid that the large intestine is rapid that the large intestine is unable to absorb the waterunable to absorb the water

Does the medicine Does the medicine kill the kill the SalmonellaSalmonella??

The chemicals released from The chemicals released from the cells leak into the blood the cells leak into the blood stream and go into the stream and go into the muscle tissuemuscle tissue

How does the How does the immune system immune system begin to respond begin to respond to the to the SalmonellaSalmonella invasion?invasion?

The immune system identifies The immune system identifies the pathogen and produces the pathogen and produces helper cellshelper cells

Helper cells “help” the Helper cells “help” the macrophages to do their job – macrophages to do their job – destroy the destroy the SalmonellaSalmonella

Non-infectious Non-infectious DiseasesDiseases

Not caused by pathogens in Not caused by pathogens in the bodythe body

Not spread from organism to Not spread from organism to organismorganism

Non-infectious Diseases Non-infectious Diseases are caused by are caused by malfunctions in the body.malfunctions in the body. Heredity – information you get Heredity – information you get

from your parentsfrom your parents The environment – examples The environment – examples

are sun, radiation, chemicalsare sun, radiation, chemicals Lifestyle choices – smoking, Lifestyle choices – smoking,

drugs, alcohol drugs, alcohol

Types of Noninfectious Types of Noninfectious DiseasesDiseases

DiabetesDiabetes AsthmaAsthma Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease Skin CancerSkin Cancer

DiabetesDiabetesA disease that results in A disease that results in

glucose (sugar) level being glucose (sugar) level being higher than normal. higher than normal.

It is caused by the person’s It is caused by the person’s inability to either produce inability to either produce or use properly a natural or use properly a natural chemical made in the body chemical made in the body (pancreas) called (pancreas) called insulin. insulin.

Diabetes may lead Diabetes may lead toto

Kidney diseaseKidney disease Heart diseaseHeart disease Vision problemsVision problems

High levels of blood High levels of blood sugar lead to sugar lead to disordersdisorders

Like an increase in Like an increase in problems with circulationproblems with circulation

Parkinson’s Parkinson’s DiseaseDisease

Disease of the nervous Disease of the nervous system that occurs when system that occurs when nerve cells in the brain stop nerve cells in the brain stop functioning properly, affecting functioning properly, affecting the muscular systemthe muscular system

Parkinson’s Parkinson’s DiseaseDisease

Major symptomsMajor symptoms Severe shaking (tremors)Severe shaking (tremors) Disabilities involving movementDisabilities involving movement

At present, there is no At present, there is no curecure

Skin CancerSkin Cancer

Disease in which skin cells Disease in which skin cells found in the outer layers of found in the outer layers of the skin become damaged.the skin become damaged.

Factors that lead to Factors that lead to Skin CancerSkin Cancer

Damaging ultraviolet rays Damaging ultraviolet rays (UV) from the sun or tanning (UV) from the sun or tanning bedsbeds

heredityheredity

AsthmaAsthma Affects the lungs and the Affects the lungs and the

airways that deliver air to the airways that deliver air to the lungslungs

Causes periodic attacks of Causes periodic attacks of wheezing and difficulty wheezing and difficulty breathingbreathing

Asthma attacksAsthma attacks

Occur when the airways become Occur when the airways become inflamed in response to a inflamed in response to a stimulus, such as dust, mold, stimulus, such as dust, mold, pets, exercise, or cold weatherpets, exercise, or cold weather

Some attacks start for no Some attacks start for no apparent reasonapparent reason

ResourcesResources Body Story: Germs. Discovery Channel Body Story: Germs. Discovery Channel

School. 2002.School. 2002.unitedstreaming. 5 December 2006unitedstreaming. 5 December 2006<http://www.unitedstreaming.com/> <http://www.unitedstreaming.com/>

www.a1organics.com/images/pathogens.jpgwww.a1organics.com/images/pathogens.jpg www.monografias.com/trabajos5/virus/Image166.gifwww.monografias.com/trabajos5/virus/Image166.gif www.uwlax.edu/.../Visuals/athletesfoot.jpgwww.uwlax.edu/.../Visuals/athletesfoot.jpg www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/.../paramecium1.gifwww.ucmp.berkeley.edu/.../paramecium1.gif www.fordogtrainers.com www.fordogtrainers.com moon.ouhsc.edu moon.ouhsc.edu www.wcasohio.org www.wcasohio.org www.kidsplanet.orgwww.kidsplanet.org www.missouri.edu www.missouri.edu tiee.ecoed.nettiee.ecoed.net www.moea.state.mn.uswww.moea.state.mn.us colds.upmc.comcolds.upmc.com