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INTRODUCTION
The System Access Monitor (SAM) was conceived by ZK engineers in 1977, who atthat time were working at Bell Labs. The original SAM was designed to monitor callprocessing events, such as handoffs, call origination, dropped calls, power level
changes, call termination, and RSSI readings, to name a few, at the mobile telephoneend and to give discrete, quantitative values to those events. Then, when problemsdeveloped, the system engineers or technicians could isolate, diagnose, and fix theproblem. Before the SAM, this could not be done in an easy manner. The engineershad no way of measuring the coverage or call events in a given cell, and had to resortto qualitative descriptions of problems, which led to engineers having to spend moretime and effort to properly understand and fix the problem. The SAM greatly simplifiesand streamlines this process.
Over the years, SAM technology has progressed. The modern SAM monitors moredata in varied manners, measures with a greater level of accuracy, and displays, stores
the data for downloading to a personal computer, and/or outputs the data in real time.At the computer, the engineer or technician can analyze the data in a variety of ways tounderstand the subtleties of the cellular system better.
With TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), the next generation in cellular phonetechnology, the cellular operating community needs to have a SAM capable ofperforming the same duties for TDMA systems. However, E/AMPS (Extended
Advanced Mobile Phone System) is not going to be just dropped overnight. Rather,TDMA will be phased in. Therefore, the SAM must be capable of performing its tasks ineither the current analog E/AMPS format or the new digital TDMA format. Moreimportantly, it must be able to cope with the varying formats and phones that will be
introduced.
The ZK-SAM/DM (Dual Mode - Analog / Digital) brings two primary benefits to thecellular operating company: 1) It greatly increases the productivity of engineers andtechnicians assigned to cellular troubleshooting; and 2) it ensures greater cellularcustomer user satisfaction brought about by the reduction or elimination of operationalproblems.
With these goals in mind, ZK Celltest has developed the ZK-SAM/DM. This is a fourthgeneration SAM, capable of operating in either E/AMPS or TDMA modes. First of all,the ZK-SAM/DM is designed to satisfy all the goals outlined above. Secondly, it issmall, lightweight, and equipped with a easy to read LCD display. It measures twoinches high, five wide, and six and a half deep, and weighs just over a pound. Lastly, itboasts a four key, easy to understand, intuitive menu system.
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COMMAND DESCRIPTIONSSAM mode:
SAM mode is the primary function of the ZK-SAM/DM. In this main mode, ZK-SAM/DMdisplays and saves call processing events. These include channel re-scan, call origination,power level changes, hand-offs and call termination. In analog mode, the display includes
the control/voice channel number (CHAN), the associated received signal strengthindicator (RSSI), the power level (PL), the supervisory audio tone (SAT) when present, anda log number for keeping track of the related location. In digital mode, the assigned timeslot is added to the channel number, and SAT is replaced by the number of bit errors(BER). Analog extended data output includes the above and a transmitter on/off indicator.Digital extended data output includes digital verification color code (DVCC) and Audioon/off indicator.
CTRL mode:Control mode scans all control channels from the selected system for the strongestRSSI value. Optionally, the user can select to scan a set of up to three channels
exclusively. These channel(s) are user selected, and can be either control or voice.Control mode only operates in analog mode. The display includes the strongestchannel number, associated RSSI, and log number. Optionally, the user can selectdigital color code (DCC) to be displayed. Also, the data is available in ZKCONTROL CHANNEL COVERAGE MAP
(C)
form. See page 15 for details.
VOIC mode:Voice channels can be auto-scanned by set number for the selected system (A orB). Scan stops when the observed RSSI exceeds a selected threshold to permitchannel audio quality assessment. This data is saved in memory. Scan resumesautomatically after a selected delay or when a key is pressed. Manual mode isavailable for continuous monitoring on any selected channel.
xmtr mode:The xmtr function is an option in the INIT menu. This mobile test transmitterfunction provides on-the-air control of channel, power level and SAT for testing thereceiving system at the cell-site. This mode is only available for analog systemtesting.
rcal mode (signal strength auto-calibration):The rcal function is an option in the INIT menu. This function calibrates the ZK-SAM/DMso that the RSSI can be measured within an accuracy +/- 1dB. It requires a calibrated
signal source, at 10 dB steps from -20 dBm to -120 dBm, on channel 333. See page 13 fordetails on how to calibrate your ZK-SAM/DM.
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Data Memory:The ZK-SAM/DM can store 1 to 2 hours of mobile status data in SAM mode and up to 6hours of control channel System A/B comparison data in CTRL mode. The ZK-SAM/DMdoes not depend upon an external power supply in order to keep the contents of memory.The display on the ZK-SAM/DM shows an abbreviated summary of the data collected, with
the full extended version available for downloading to a PC. This allows the user an easilyread display when in the field, with complete data available when they arrive at the office.Alternatively, the user could connect the ZK-SAM/DM to a PC or portable printer while inthe field, and collect the data with the PC or printer and the ZK-SAM/DM as it is beinggathered. By using this option, the user would have immediate access to the extendeddata. A 9600 baud serial interface and cable is included for downloading purposes to aPC. If you wish to download data to a portable printer, a different cable is required. It issupplied with the SEIKO portable printer if ordered from ZK Celltest, Inc., or see page 15 ifyou wish to make your own cable.
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HOW ZK-SAM/DM WORKS
The ZK-SAM/DM presents the user with a system of menus which allow access to all ofits functions in a very simple and logical fashion. Only two arrow keys, an ENTER anda BREAK key are needed to traverse the entire command tree. The one-line display
offers the menu items at a glance, to be selected by moving the blinking cursor to thedesired function and pressing the ENTER key. When a menu offers more than fits onone line, the arrow keys scroll the rest of the options on to the display.
The main menu contains six functions, three of which are commands to start live data
collection (SAM, CTRL, and VOIC), and three of which lead to secondary functions(INIT, CLR, and PLAY) handling scan parameters and manipulation of stored data.
DATA COLLECTION
All data collected in the SAM, CTRL, and VOIC modes is stored sequentially in non-
volatile memory, with LOG number tag for later playback (play), printout (prnt) ortransfer to PC (dump). This is the complete record of the data collected in the variousmodes, containing some status data not seen on the ZK-SAM/DM display during livedata collection, and some formatting for increased readability.
The play command allows data to be played back on the display for easy review. Theprnt command prints the desired section of the memory. Dump transfers an ASCII filereadable by word processing programs which can be edited after transfer.
Also, as data is being collected, real time output of the complete record is availablefrom the COM port for a PC or serial printer. This option may provide a more practical
method of viewing live data. Use a terminal program such as PROCOMM on the PC toread the output from the COM port. See PLAY description, page 14, for connectionand operational details.
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SAM
SAM (System Access Monitor) mode is the familiar call processing mode.Abbreviated mobile status is displayed and updated approximately once per second.
The display consists of CHAN, RSSI in dBm, power level (PL) 0 through 7, SAT 0, 1 or2 and a logging count number (LOG#). For easy display reading, power level and SATvalues are not displayed until conversation mode, when the phone is transmitting on avoice channel. So when the mobile is idling on a control channel, only CHAN, RSSIand LOG# are displayed.
When a voice channel assignment and "transmitter on" occurs, PL and SAT numbersappear.
ANALOG
CHAN DBM PL SAT LOG
122 97 3 1 015
SAM mode, active on voice channel 122RSSI is -97 dBm, power level is 3, SAT is 1, LOG# is 15
When a Signaling Tone (ST) is detected, a black box appears between SAT and LOG#.The printout, dump, and real time COM port output all contain the complete statusrecord (ST, carrier on/off, etc.), to the extent it is provided by the mobile phone.
The digital mode status is described on the following page.
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CHAN DBM PL BER LOG
122A 97 3 1 015TS
SAM mode, active on voice channel 122, time slot ARSSI is -97 dBm, power level is 3, bit error rate is 1, LOG# is 15
In digital mode, time slot is added to channel number display and SAT is replaced bynumber of bit errors. DVCC (Digital Verification Color Code) is also received from themobile phone and stored in data memory.
The number of bit errors, BER, ranges from 0 to 7. The definition of the BER levels isin the table below.
Bit Pattern AVE_BER interval (%)
000 < 0.01
001 0.01 to less than 0.1
010 0.1 to less than 0.5
011 0.5 to less than 1.0
100 1.0 to less than 2.0
101 2.0 to less than 4.0
110 4.0 to less than 8.0
111 8.0
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CTRL
In CTRL mode, the selected control channels are scanned. Both systems (A and B),either system (A or B), or up to three target channels (Control or Voice, from eithersystem, ) may be scanned. When only a single system is chosen, Digital Color Code
(DCC) is reported. To make these selections and set other scan parameters, use INIT,then ctrl (see page 12).
CTRL mode data is saved in memory and also output in real time to a PC or serialprinter. Two different formats are available via dump (see the dump commanddescription, page 14), although the 3chn data is only available in scan format.
SYSTEM A AND B SCAN (both)
The CTRL function operates in the following way: First, all 42 control channels arescanned to determine their RSSI. From these measurements (for each system) thestrongest five channels are noted, in order of decreasing signal strength. Only theseten channels (the five strongest in each system) are then scanned the next nine times.Then the entire scanning process is repeated. For every scan, the channel with themaximum signal strength and its RSSI is recorded for both systems.
The display alternates between the preferred system CHAN, RSSI, LOG# and bothsystems' CHAN and RSSI.
323 79 L 068CHAN DBM LOG
FIRST SCREEN
323 79CHAN DBM
SECOND SCREEN
CHAN DBM
339 81
(Preferred system is A) System A System BCTRL scan, chan. 323 at -79 dBm, LOG# 68 (chan 339 at -81 dBm)
The 'preferred system' will appear on the left side of the display, and does not alternatewith the LOG#. This system is selected underINIT, voic, systm. The LOG# advancesonce for every ten scans. After each scan, both system's CHAN and RSSI are sent tothe COM port for a PC or serial printer, as well as stored in ZK-SAM/DM memory. DCCis not recorded in this mode.
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SINGLE SYSTEM SCAN (sysa orsysb)
The CTRL scan of a single system operates in a similar way, except that only 21 controlchannels are scanned. The five strongest are scanned nine times more, and at the endof each scan the strongest is displayed and recorded. If DCC is selected, it will be
displayed between CHAN and RSSI (CHAN DCC RSSI LOG#).
323 81 L 102
CHAN DBM LOG
3
DCC
CTRL scan of system A, with DCC selectedChannel 323 at -81 dBm, DCC 3, LOG# 102
TEST CHANNEL SCAN (3chn)
This option allows continual scanning one to three individual channels, which focusesthe measurements on the specific channels of interest. Voice as well as controlchannels may be included, allowing evaluation of non-standard setup channels. Thechannel with the maximum RSSI is displayed on the ZK-SAM/DM screen, and the RSSIvalues for all three channels are sent in real time to the COM port. This data may also
be played, dumped orprnted later.
241 64 L 077
CHAN DBM LOG
3chn scan of channels 241, 288 and 331Channel 241 stronger at -64 dBm, LOG# 077
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VOIC
VOIC mode scans the voice channel set of your choice. Considerable flexibility isavailable to tailor this mode to suit your needs. Use INIT then voic to choose auto(automatic) ormanl (manual), audio on oroff, threshold setting, sysa orsysb, and
your choice of the channel set identification, 1-21 or A1, B1, C1, etc. (See INITdescription, page 12)
auto
Selecting auto gives auto-scan, which stops on the next channel with signal strengthgreater than the selected threshold. The ZK-SAM/DM displays CHAN, RSSI, andchannel set during the scan. Motorola phones do not provide SAT in this mode.
CHAN DBM SET
535 102 S13
VOIC scan on system B, threshold -105 dBm, audio onChannel 535 (set 13) detected at -102 dBm
ZK-SAM/DM pauses and turns audio on
At any point during the scan, the arrow keys may be used to scroll through the channelsets. When an active channel is found, CHAN, RSSI (initial reading only) and channelset are output to the COM port in real time and stored in data memory. Then, ifaudio ison, ZK-SAM/DM turns the speaker on and stops reading RSSI. Otherwise, ifaudio isoff, ZK-SAM/DM continuously reads and displays RSSI for this channel although thevalues (after the first) are not stored in memory.
The auto scan automatically resumes in any of the following conditions: 1) the signaldrops below the threshold, 2) the ENTER key is pressed, 3) a new set is selected(arrow key), 4) the dwell time runs out. Control channels are not included in autoVOICscans.
Using INIT to select auto and audio on prompts you to enterscan paus orstay, andselecting scan paus prompts you to enter the dwell time in seconds. scan stayrequires you to press the ENTER key to resume scanning. See INIT description fordetails, page 12.
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manl
manl provides manual channel and set selection. The arrow keys are used both for setselection and for channel selection within a set. Once the desired channel set is found,
an ENTER key stroke will show a "C" on the display. Now arrow key strokes will
change channels, up and down, within a channel set. AnotherENTER key stroke shiftsback to set control and the "C" disappears. Each subsequent ENTER key stroketoggles between set and channel control (and takes a new RSSI reading).
Data from manl scans is neither output in real time to the COM port nor stored inmemory. Control channel audio is available only in manl mode.
CHAN DBM SET
678 98 C S 6
CHAN MODE
VOIC scan, manual, audio on, threshold -105 dBm, system A
User has selected set 6 and used arrow keys to scroll to Channel 678Channel 678 is active at -98 dBm, above threshold,so ZK-SAM/DM turns audio on
Motorola note: The normal manual handset test commands are still available and canbe used to bypass or augment ZK-SAM/DM control. Two very important examples arethe audio path command, 35X#, where X=1 (speaker) and X=3 (handset), and theaudio volume command, 47X#, where X=0 (soft) to 7 (loud). If you attempt to use these
commands in auto, scan paus, the repetitive ZK-SAM/DM commands may interfere.Press BREAK, then re enter VOIC.
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INIT
INIT is the general mode for selection of ZK-SAM/DM operating parameters, which arestored in non-volatile RAM. The left/right arrow keys are used to move the blinkingcursor and ENTER key is used to make the selection. INIT provides operating choices
as follows:
voic --auto/manl, audio off/on, thres -xx dBm, sys a/sys b, set# 1-21/A1-G3
To set the threshold, use the arrows keys to change the value on thedisplay in increments of five. The limits are -70 to -120 dBm.
auto, audio on -- paus/stay (paus asks for dwell time in seconds, five tothirty in increments of five)
ctrl -- 3chn/sys a/sys b/both
3chn -- # of scan chans: x, yyyyx denotes number of channels to be scanned (1 - 3),yyyy denotes channel number. Use left arrow todecrease digit, right arrow to increase, enter to select.
sys a/sys b -- dcc: no/yes
xmtr -- This function permits channel, power, and SAT selection followed bycarrier on for any voice channel of your choice. When xmtr isselected, the message " CHAN SET # X " is displayed. Use thearrow keys to select the set and press ENTER. Then the displaychanges to show channel, RSSI, power level, SAT and carrierON\OFF state. Use the arrow keys to select the channel (blinking)and press ENTER to move to power setting (blinking). Again, use thearrow keys to choose the power setting and press ENTER to move tothe SAT selection. Use the arrow keys again to select SAT andpress ENTER to move to carrier ON\OFF selection. Use the arrowkeys to turn the carrier on and off. The carrier turns on and offimmediately as the displayed state changes with the arrow keys.While the mobile is transmitting, the power and SAT may be changedby pressing ENTER repeatedly to cause the desired parameter to
blink, indicating it can be changed with the arrow keys. Use the voicmenu to set sysa or sysb.
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cal -- rcal - recalibrate RSSI / romc - default calibration
rcal - is an auto-calibration process which requires a calibrated signalsource on channel 333 (879.99 MHz). Connect the signal generatoroutput to the mobile antenna port, select rcal, press ENTER and you
will be prompted to set signal generator level to -20 dBm. Wait 3seconds for the phone to settle, press ENTER to record the level, andyou will be prompted to set -30 dBm, etc. Press ENTER after eachsetting. After the last setting, new calibration constants are stored innon-volatile RAM and the display returns to the main menu.
Note - Only one calibration table can be stored. Selecting romc atthis point will replace the rcal table with default values.
mobl -- Mobile initialization. This option is not used in this version.
CLR
Resets LOG# to 0. No data is erased. This data may still be accessed, printed, ordumped to a PC.
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PLAY
The PLAY command on the main menu displays a secondary menu where eitherplay,prnt ordump may be chosen.
play
This mode provides playback of recorded data on the ZK-SAM/DM display. The defaultstarting LOG# is 5 numbers back from the current LOG#. During live playback, theleft/right arrow keys allow scrolling back/forward to the desired start LOG# (inincrements of 5), and data will be displayed from the selected point until the currentLOG#.
prnt
Connect the printer to the COM port using the printer cable, turn on the printer, select
prnt, use the arrow keys to select the start LOG# then ENTER and data will betransferred to the printer memory at 9600 baud. The display shows the data as it goesout, so you may press the BREAK key at any time to terminate the transfer, or wait untilauto-termination at end-of-data or printer-buffer-full. The SEIKO printer input isbuffered with 8K bytes. If all the ZK-SAM/DM memory has not been printed, select prntagain, and the next block of data will be printed.
The interface is 9600 baud, 8 bit word, 1 stop bit, no parity. The SEIKO DPU-411, typeII, battery powered parallel/serial printer is supported, and when supplied by ZK with theZK-SAM/DM, has already been set up and tested for this interface.
dump
Data is sent to a PC via the COM port at 9600 baud. Connect a null modem to the 25-pin printer cable for dumping to a PC, or use the ZK-SAM/PC cable for a directconnection. On the PC you must use a terminal program such as PROCOMM toreceive the data from the ZK-SAM/DM.
PROCOMM (or other terminal emulation software) should be set for 9600 baud, noparity, 8 bit word, 1 stop bit. On PROCOMM, this is done on the Alt-S ("Line Settings")menu by selecting option 11. To start receiving data, press the Page Down key, select
ASCII (option 7), and enter a DOS filename for your dump. The filename can be up to 8
characters, with no punctuation marks, and the extension .TXT.
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For those who wish to make their own cables, the following diagrams give thenecessary connections :
16
Front of plug
ZK-SAM computer connections
COM port
6 pin plug1
2
3
5
4
6
RS-232
DB-9 female
2
3
Jumper 16
Front of plug
ZK-SAM printer connections
6 pin plug1
2
3
7
RS-232
DB-25 male
2
3
COM port
Data from the CTRL mode may be formatted either as scan, one line per scan, ormap(ZK CONTROL CHANNEL COVERAGE MAP(C)) which combines the results of tenscans (one log number) onto one line (see example on page 20).
After this choice is made, data transfer begins. The stored data is transferred to acomputer starting at LOG# 000 until the current LOG# is reached and "#XXX,ENTER/GO ON" is displayed. To return to the menu, press BREAK. To continuesending data beyond the current LOG# (may be valid if data has been recorded beyondLOG# 399), press ENTER. Again, BREAK at any point will stop the data transfer andreturn to the menu.
If both systems' data have been saved in CTRL mode and the map option has beenselected, two passes through the memory are made, one for each system, formatted asa ZK CONTROL CHANNEL COVERAGE MAP(C).
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RESET HANDLING
If a memory error occurs, the following message is displayed:
"ERROR, HIT ENTER"
To continue, press the ENTER key and one (or more) of the following messages will beshown. If more than one is displayed, the user will need to press "ENTER" betweenmessages.
"LOG# RESET 000 ""ROM CALIB IN USE""RESET voic "
The message "LOG# RESET 000 " indicates that a memory error has occurred in theLOG# memory pointers. The LOG# and pointers have been reset to zero, howeverdata memory may still be intact.
"ROM CALIB IN USE" indicates that a memory error occurred in the calibration tablesbeing used. The ROM default calibration data has been loaded into the calibrationtable being used. To maintain data accuracy, a recalibration (rcal) may be needed.
"RESET voic param" indicates that a memory error occurred in the parameters whichcontrol the voice scan process. Default parameters have been loaded. Reset voicparameters as necessary.
If error messages occur each time the unit is turned on, the RAM backup battery maybe dead. The unit should be returned to ZK Celltest for repair.
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-- runs call processingevent logging
dwell time: 5-30 sec)
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DISPLAY SUMMARY
SAM mode
ANALOG
CHAN DBM PL SAT LOG
122 97 3 1 015
DIGITAL
CHAN DBM PL BER LOG
673B 72 5 3 015TS
CTRL both 323 79 L 068
CHAN DBM LOG
FIRST SCREEN
323 79
CHAN DBM
SECOND SCREEN
CHAN DBM
339 81
CTRL sysa 323 79 L 102CHAN DBM LOG
3DCC
323 79 L 108
CHAN DBM LOG
CTRL 3chn
VOIC auto
CHAN DBM SET
535 102 S13
VOIC manl
CHAN DBM SET
678 98 C S 6
/sysb
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SAMPLE OUTPUTS
The following outputs are examples ofSAM and CTRL exercises. The data files weredumped to a PC via its COM1 RS-232 port. Descriptive notations were added with aword processor.
1. This is a sample output of a SAM mode where two calls were placed, one an analogcall and one a digital call.
ZK-SAM/DM CALL PROCESSING SUMMARYCHAN RSSI PL SAT ST XMTR LOG#338 - 75 -- - 000338 - 81 -- -338 - 82 -- -737 - 85 -- -567 - 93 5 0 -- X Call orig
567 - 88 5 0 -- X 001 analog VC 567567 - 92 5 0 -- X 002567 - 84 5 0 -- X 003567 -103 5 ST X Call end337 - 77 -- -337 - 76 -- -CHAN TS RSSI PL #BE DVCC AUD XMTR LOG#735 A - 76 6 0 4 ON X Call orig735 A - 78 6 0 4 ON X 004 digital VC 735735 A - 78 6 2 4 ON X timeslot 1 (A)735 A - 78 6 0 4 ON X735 A - 78 6 0 4 ON X 005
735 A - 80 6 1 4 ON X735 A - 79 6 1 4 ON X 006735 A - 85 6 2 4 ON X735 A - 79 6 2 4 ON X 007735 A - 80 6 1 4 ON X735 A - 76 6 2 4 ON X735 A - 76 6 1 4 ON X735 A - 79 6 0 4 ON X 008735 A - 78 6 0 4 ON X Call endCHAN RSSI PL SAT ST XMTR LOG#347 - 63 -- - 009337 - 74 -- -
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2. This is a sample output of a single system CTRL data collection with DCC reported.The 'map' format was used for the PC dump.
ZK CONTROL CHANNEL COVERAGE MAP
LOG# MIN MAX CHANNELS (RANK/DCC) DCC A=0, B=1, C=2, D=3DBM 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354
115 - 80 - 71 - - - - 6B - 2D - - - - - - - - - 2B - - - - Maple Ave116 - 78 - 72 - - - - 10B - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -117 - 79 - 77 - - - - 8B - 1D - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1C118 - 84 - 64 - - - - 1B - - - 1A - - - - - - - 8B - - - - resume119 - 82 - 71 - - - - - - - - 2A - - - - - - - 7B - - - 1C120 - 80 - 68 - - - - - - - - 2A - - - - - - - 6B - - - 2C121 - 84 - 66 - - - - - - - - 7A - - - - - - - 3B - - - - Cedar Springs122 - 83 - 68 - - - - - - - - 4A - - - - - - - 6B - - - -123 - 81 - 66 - - - - - - - - 4A - - - - - - - 3B - - - 3C124 - 78 - 65 - - - - - - - - 1A - - - - - - - 1B - - - 8C Lemmon stop125 - 66 - 64 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10C126 - 75 - 65 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1B - - - 9C127 - 80 - 61 - - - - - - - - 1A - - - - - - - 1B - - - 8C N on Lemmon128 - 68 - 61 - - - - - - - - 8A - - - - - - - - - - - 2C129 - 84 - 66 - - - - - - 2D - 8A - - - - - - - - - - - -130 - 83 - 64 - - - - - - 1D - 4A - - - - - - - 5B - - - - W University131 - 82 - 66 - - - - - - - - 6A - - - - - - - 4B - - - -132 - 78 - 69 - - - - - - - - 7A - - - - - - - 3B - - - -133 - 74 - 66 - - - - - - - - 10A - - - - - - - - - - - -134 - 75 - 63 - - - - - - - - 2A - - - - - - - - - - - 8C Lovers Lane135 - 57 - 49 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10C
136 - 64 - 53 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10C137 - 75 - 56 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10C138 - 84 - 63 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1B - - - 9C139 - 79 - 57 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10C NW Hwy140 - 59 - 53 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10C141 - 82 - 70 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10C turnaround142 - 74 - 53 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10C at Almazon143 - 87 - 56 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1C - - - - - - 9C144 - 70 - 64 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10C145 - 69 - 64 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10C NW hwy stop146 - 78 - 60 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10C147 - 77 - 58 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1C - - - - - - 9C W on NW hwy148 - 68 - 59 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10C149 - 71 - 57 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1B - - - 9C150 - 85 - 73 - - - - - - - 3A - - - - - 5C - - 2B - - - -151 - 81 - 72 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1C - - 1B - - - 8C152 - 88 - 71 - - - - - - - 1A - - - - - 1C - - 1B - - - 7C153 - 89 - 74 - - - - - - - 6A - - - - - 1C - - 2B - - - 1C Webb Chapel
COPYRIGHT (C) 1994
LOG #115: Six out of ten scans, channel 338 is the strongest with a DCCvalue of 1. Two out of ten scans, channel 340 is the strongestwith a DCC value of 3. Two out of ten scans, channel 350 is thestrongest with a DCC value of 1. Out of the ten scans, thestrongest channels have a RSSI values from -80 to -71 dBM.
Printing ZK CONTROL CHANNEL COVERAGE MAP is most easily done by dumpingthe data in map format to a PC. Use a word processor to reformatthe map to fit on one page, to avoid line breaks in the middle of the map. Astandard16 character-per-inch font (such as Courier font, size 7) allows the
map to fit on letter-size (8 1/2" x 11") paper.
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3. This is a SAM example on a MOTOROLA phone using a cell-site simulator. Thedata record shows mobile call origination, voice channel assignment, power changeto level 7, two handoffs and call termination.
ZK-SAM/DM CALL PROCESSING SUMMARYCHAN RSSI PL SAT ST XMTR LOG#319 - 84 -- - 000 'SEND'325 - -- - Re-scan319 - 84 -- -456 - 0 -- X VCA ch 456, PL 0456 - 82 0 1 -- X 001 SAT 1456 - 82 0 1 -- X 002456 - 82 7 1 -- X PL 7567 - 82 7 1 -- X 003 Handoff 567456 - 82 7 1 -- X Handoff 456456 - 82 7 1 -- X 004456 - 82 7 1 ST X 'END', ST on335 -118 -- - Re-scan334 - -- -317 - -- -313 - -- -342 - -- -334 - -- -325 - -- - 005314 - -- -349 - -- -334 - -- -331 - -- -313 - -- -322 - -- -319 - 85 -- -319 - 84 -- - 006 Re-lock ch 319
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4. This is a sample output from the ZK-SAM/DM CTRL mode, dumped to the PC with'scan' format. It is a very brief excerpt from a 300 mile data run. Vehicle odometerreadings and location notations were recorded on a tape recorder and later added tothe PC file.
** CSCAN ** MAX CONTROL CHAN
SYSA RSSI SYSB RSSI LOG# Mile Comment
330 - 95 346 - 94 180 173.8 East of320 -102 346 - 96 Sacramento,330 -101 346 - 98 westbound330 -104 338 -105 on Rt. 50W330 -103 346 -104 surrounded320 -109 335 -105 by hills.330 -104 335 -107330 -105 335 -107330 -104 346 -101321 -107 336 -103321 -103 346 - 98 181330 -102 346 - 99
||314 - 80 336 - 85314 - 81 336 - 81320 - 83 337 - 89 183314 - 84 346 - 85321 - 74 339 - 89 176.1 Break out321 - 75 339 - 76 into open321 - 69 339 - 69 view of valley321 - 68 339 - 66 below--320 - 66 339 - 66 signal strength320 - 66 339 - 67 increased 20 dB321 - 64 339 - 68321 - 61 339 - 61321 - 63 339 - 69 184
321 - 69 339 - 64||
321 - 58 339 - 50321 - 49 339 - 51 187321 - 56 339 - 69321 - 57 339 - 48 cell-site near321 - 53 339 - 50 road321 - 56 339 - 50321 - 57 339 - 55321 - 52 339 - 56321 - 52 339 - 57321 - 52 339 - 50321 - 55 339 - 49
321 - 55 339 - 49 188321 - 53 339 - 49
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5. This data is from a CTRL scan of channels 316, 737, and 339, in 3chn mode. Thescan shows voice channel 737 going "off the air."
** CSCAN ** 3 CHAN/RSSI316 737 339- 98 -110 - 84 021
- 90 -106 - 85- 89 -103 - 85- 92 -102 - 85- 88 -102 - 86- 89 -102 - 86- 89 -102 - 88- 90 -102 - 88- 88 -103 - 87- 91 -104 - 87- 91 - - 88 022- 86 - - 95- 82 - - 98
- 83 - - 98- 81 - -100- 81 - -101- 81 - - 99- 82 - - 95- 80 - - 97- 80 - - 99- 80 - -101 023- 81 - - 93
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THE CALL PROCESS
To place a call from a cellular phone, dial the number to be called, and press 'SEND'.Pressing 'SEND' is different from placing a call on a non-cellular phone for a very goodreason; no transmission is made from the cellular phone until the 'SEND' key is
pressed. The number is saved so that the dialed number and other essentialinformation can be sent out in a fast data burst to the cell-site, thus minimizing thecontrol channel air time.
When the 'SEND' key is pressed, the cellular phone rescans the control channels toverify that it is using the best (strongest signal) one and then sends the call originationrequest to the cell-site. In addition to the called number and the cellular subscriber'snumber, this message contains the Electronic Security Number (ESN), if requested bythe Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO). The cell-site passes the request forservice to the MTSO, which is the main phone switching office responsible formanaging all operational functions. The MTSO examines the origination request and
verifies the ESN. Then it processes the call by setting up a connection between thecalled party, and the serving cell-site.
An Initial Voice Channel Designation (IVCD) message (analog), or Initial TrafficChannel Designation (ITCD) message (digital), is then sent from the cell-site to thecellular phone over the control channel. In response the cellular phone changesfrequency from the control channel to the assigned voice channel.
ANALOG
When it arrives on the voice channel, the cellular phone receiver detects theSupervisory Audio Tone (SAT) modulation on the cell-site signal and re-transmits(transponds) it back to the cell-site, which acknowledges that the mobile arrived on theproper channel, and is ready to initiate conversation.
During the conversation, the cell-site continues to monitor the transponded SAT and thesignal strength to insure that circuit quality is maintained. Low signal strength usuallyresults in a "handoff" to a better cell-site, if there is one. If not, continued degradationof the signal can result in loss of SAT, which automatically mutes the audio and starts atimer. If the SAT loss persists for 5 seconds or more, the call is terminated and thecellular phone returns to idle state monitoring the control channel. To minimize co-channel interference, three SAT tones are available for use at geographically adjacentre-use channels.
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Periodic audio muting is normal in fringe areas of system coverage during brief lossesof SAT. Normally, this should come as no surprise to the users because by this timethe channel has probably already become noisy because of the low signal level.However, if the user is experiencing audio muting in areas of normally good coverageand the signal is not noisy, poor SAT detection sensitivity should be suspected.
Signaling Tone (ST) is a 10,000 Hz tone, deviation 8 kHz, which is transmitted by themobile to the cell-site. The ST is transmitted by the mobile to the cellsite when beingalerted, in response to a handoff, and upon call termination.
DIGITAL
After the phone has re-tuned to the traffic channel, it receives and re-transmits theassigned DVCC. The cellsite responds with a time alignment message, which enablesthe mobile to synchronize. Then follows a message exchange which includes themobile sending the dialed number. This enables the MTSO to set up the connection tothe dialed number for conversation.
When a handoff appears to be needed, the mobile can help to improve the handoffdecision. It does this by supplying the bit error rate (BER) information on the servingchannel and signal strength measurements on many candidate cell-sites.
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CONNECTIONS / GETTING STARTED
All connectors are located on the end panel. On older units, the ON/OFF switch is hereas well. Please see the following pages for connecting to Motorola phones. Connect12 VDC and turn on the power switch. The main menu appears. Turn to page 5 for a
summary of command choices.
PWR12V
COM MOB2
ON
Use the left/right arrow keys to select menu items. The displayed menu selection blinks;press ENTER to activate selection. Pressing BREAK at any time stops the action andreturns to the main menu with SAM menu item flashing.
STARTING SAM MODE
You are ready for the SAM command, since the ZK-SAM/DM is already setup for TDMA
operations. In this mode, the cellular phone can make or receive calls. Simply pressthe ENTER key while the SAM menu item is flashing. Call processing statusinformation is collected from the mobile and displayed on the ZK-SAM/DM screen. Thisdata is also saved in non-volatile memory, formatted, and sent via the COM port to aPC or serial printer. In order to receive this data, the PC needs a terminal programsuch as PROCOMM. A tape recorder, scratch pad, or local map may be used by theZK-SAM operator to note the log number and/or location of particular events.
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MOTOROLA TDMA/DUAL-MODE MOBILE
To enable status display and test mode operation, pins 20 and 21 in the 25 pin data connectormust be connected together at the transceiver. A small wire may be used, or a double-endedtest connector can be fabricated with 1 male and 1 female DB-25 connector (Motorola P.N.3084406R06). All pins are wired straight through, and pins 20 and 21 must also be connected
together. However, the jumper wire is the simplest and most economical solution.
To use a jumper wire, simply bend a short, thin piece of bare wire into the female 25 pinconnector as shown above, so that pins 20 and 21 are jumpered. Then carefully reattach theconnector to the transceiver without dislodging the jumper. Power up the phone, and observethat 1 or 2 lines of numbers are now flashing on the display. This is the status message thatZK-SAMinterprets forSAM mode.
If RSSI levels are not correct, the SAM must be calibrated using the 'INIT', 'cal', 'rcal'command sequence. Allow 3 seconds for phone RSSI to stabilize before pressing "ENTER" ateach new level. See page 13 for more information.
POWER
SPKR
MIC
ANTTRANSCEIVER
TESTADAPTER
SAMZK-TO "MOB 2" JACK
POWER+12 v
EXTENSION CABLE
ENTERBREAK
CHAN DBM PL SAT LOG
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MOTOROLA TDMA/DUAL MODE MICROTACTo enable status display and test mode operation, the Microtac test mode pin must be grounded. Phonesordered from ZK Celltest together with a ZK-SAM/DM Portablealready have this modification. If you areusing ZK-SAM/DM with your own Microtac, please follow these instructions to set up your phone. Toensure proper operation. a battery must be attached to the Microtac TDMA at all times.
Rear panel ofMicrotac withbattery removed
Jumper wire
This jumper should be installed with thin wire so as not to interfere with battery contact. When it isinstalled, power up the phone. and observe that 2 alternating lines of numbers are now flashing on the
display. This is the status message that ZK-SAMinterprets forSAM mode. If RSSI dBm levels are notcorrect, the SAM must be calibrated using the 'INIT,' 'cal', 'rcal' command sequence on page 13 of themanual, together with a suitable antenna coupler.
Important Notes1) The "flip" cover must be open to begin'CTRL' or 'VOIC' test mode
operations. It may be closed as soon as scanning has begun.2) Call processing operations may temporarily disable the phone status
display. Press the "CLR" key to restore the flashing status messageand ZK-SAM display.
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SYSTEM A FREQUENCY GROUP LAYOUT (N=7)
333 332 331 330 329 328 327 326 325 324 323 322 321 320 319 318 317 316 315 314 313
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 A2 B2 C2 D2 E2 F2 G2 A3 B3 C3 D3 E3 F3 G3
312 311 310 309 308 307 306 305 304 303 302 301 300 299 298 297 296 295 294 293 292291 290 289 288 287 286 285 284 283 282 281 280 279 278 277 276 275 274 273 272 271270 269 268 267 266 265 264 263 262 261 260 259 258 257 256 255 254 253 252 251 250249 248 247 246 245 244 243 242 241 240 239 238 237 236 235 234 233 232 231 230 229228 227 226 225 224 223 222 221 220 219 218 217 216 215 214 213 212 211 210 209 208207 206 205 204 203 202 201 200 199 198 197 196 195 194 193 192 191 190 189 188 187186 185 184 183 182 181 180 179 178 177 176 175 174 173 172 171 170 169 168 167 166165 164 163 162 161 160 159 158 157 156 155 154 153 152 151 150 149 148 147 146 145144 143 142 141 140 139 138 137 136 135 134 133 132 131 130 129 128 127 126 125 124123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 8281 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 6160 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 4039 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 1918 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1023 1022 1021
1020 1019 1018 1017 1016 1015 1014 1013 1012 1011 1010 1009 1008 1007 1006 1005 1004 1003 1002 1001 1000999 998 997 996 995 994 993 992 991 716 715 714 713 712 711 710 709 708 707 706 705704 703 702 701 700 699 698 697 696 695 694 693 692 691 690 689 688 687 686 685 684683 682 681 680 679 678 677 676 675 674 673 672 671 670 669 668 667 - - - -
SYSTEM B FREQUENCY GROUP LAYOUT (N=7)
334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 A2 B2 C2 D2 E2 F2 G2 A3 B3 C3 D3 E3 F3 G3
355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480
481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 - - -- - - - - 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732
733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795796 797 798 799 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
