Dark Matter at
the LHC
Martino Borsato†
†Universida de Santiago de Compostela
on behalf of ATLAS, CMS, LHCb
(SM)(mediator)
(DM)
Martino Borsato - USC
What to look for
๏ Experimental constraints:
• Relic density observed
• (Thermal) DM mass > keV
• Effectively EM neutral
• Cosmologically stable
• No or small self-interaction
!2
Planck, AA 594(2016)A13
e.g. Lovell et al. MNRAS 439(2014)300-317
Stable charged particle and direct detection
"Bullet cluster" AJ 648(2006)L109-L113
or more Slatyer and Wu. PRD95(2017)2,023010
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
DTT
![µK
2]
30 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
!
-60
-30
0
30
60
∆D
TT
!
2 10
-600
-300
0
300
600
Planck 2015
Bullet cluster→ Compelling WIMP scenario
Martino Borsato - USC
DM signals
!3
SM
DM
SM
DM
Direct detection
Detect interactions of the DM wind
XENON, Panda, Lux, DarkSide, …
Collider search
• Mediator → DM
(holistic search)
• Mediator → SM
(peak search)
Indirect detection
Signals from DM annihilation
FERMI, PAMELA, AMS, HESS, IceCube, CTA, …
Mediator → DM
!4
Martino Borsato - USC
Mono-X searches at the LHC
๏ Exploit initial state radiation
• Missing energy + large-pT
‣ X = jet, photon, W, Z
๏ Main challenge: measure precisely SM backgrounds
• e.g. Z(νν)+X is irreducible
!5
SM DM
SM DM
X MET
χ
q
χ
q
q
Z′
χ χZ'
ν
q
χ
q
q
Z′
χ νZ
Martino Borsato - USC
Mono-jet backgrounds
๏ Vector+jet backgrounds
• 50-80% is Z(νν)+jet (irreducible)
๏ Estimate using control regions:
• Z()+jet, removing from event
• W(ν)+jet, removing from event
• γ+jet, removing γ from event
!6
Events
/ G
eV
2−10
1−10
1
10
210
310
410
510
610
(13 TeV)-1
35.9 fb
CMS
monojet
Data
inv.→H(125)
= 2.0 TeVmed
Axial-vector, m
)+jetsννZ(
)+jetsνW(l
WW/WZ/ZZ
Top quark
+jetsγ(ll), γZ/
QCD
Data
/ P
red.
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
[GeV]miss
Tp
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Unc.
(Data
-Pre
d.)
2−
0
2
μuon (2)
μuon (1)Jet
nsMET
Remove µµ
arXiv:1712.02345
Martino Borsato - USC
+je
tsγ
Z(ll)+
jets
/
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
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0.22+jets DataγZ(ll)+jets /
+jets MC γZ(ll)+jets /
(13 TeV)-1
35.9 fb
CMS
monojet
[GeV]T
Hadronic recoil p
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Data
/ P
red.
0.5
1
1.5
Mono-jet backgrounds
๏ Ratio dσ(Z+jet)/dσ(W+jet)
and dσ(Z+jet)/dσ(γ+jet)
to simplify modelling
• Control-region to signal-region transfer factors from theory
๏ Progress in theory
• pT dependent NLO QCD+EW corrections of LO MC
• Including pT dependent correlations for corrections
• Ratios stable at few %
๏ Validation test on data
• Jet uncertainties cancel out
๏ Simultaneous fits of control
and signal regions
!7
LONLO QCDNNLO QCD
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
pp →Z(`+`−)+ jet / pp →W(`ν)+ jet @ 13 TeV
Z(`
+`−)+
jet
/W(`
ν)+
jet
100 200 500 1000 30000.9
0.95
1.0
1.05
pT,V [GeV]
R/
RN
LO
QC
D
3000
LONLO QCDNNLO QCD
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
pp →Z(`+`−)+ jet / pp →γ+ jet @ 13 TeV
Z(`
+`−)+
jet
/γ+
jet
100 200 500 1000 30000.9
0.95
1.0
1.05
pT,V [GeV]
R/
RN
LO
QC
D
)+je
tsν
Z(ll)+
jets
/ W
(l
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
0.22)+jets DataνZ(ll)+jets / W(l
)+jets MCνZ(ll)+jets / W(l
(13 TeV)-1
35.9 fb
CMS
monojet
[GeV]T
Hadronic recoil p
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Data
/ P
red.
0.5
1
1.5
arXiv:1712.02345 arXiv:1712.02345
Lindert et al arXiv:1705.04664 Lindert et al arXiv:1705.04664
Martino Borsato - USC
Mono-jet results
๏ Results on simplified DM models
• Vector, axial-vector, scalar, pseudo-
scalar mediator (s-channel)
• 4 parameters: mDM, mmed, gSM, gDM
๏ Reach for gDM=1, mmed = 3 mDM:
• Up to ~1.6-1.8 TeV for mmed (vector)
• Below gSM ~ 0.1 for low mmed < 1TeV
!8
[GeV]VZm
0 1000 2000
[G
eV
]χ
m
0
500
1000exp
σ 2 ±Expected limit
)exp
σ 1 ±Expected limit (
)PDF, scale
theoryσ 1 ±Observed limit (
Relic Density (MadDM)
ATLAS-1
= 13 TeV, 36.1 fbs
Vector Mediator
Dirac Fermion DM
= 1.0χ
= 0.25, gq
g
95% CL limits
χ
= 2
mVZm
SM DM
SM DMmed
arXiv:1712.02345
arXiv:1711.03301
Martino Borsato - USC
Mono-X results
๏ Searched in mono-jet, but also
mono-γ and mono-V
๏ No excess in ATLAS+CMS
(36/fb from 2015+2016)
• Best sensitivity to date
• In the era of precision searches
๏ 40/fb on tape from 2017 and
2018 run happening now
๏ Challenging analysis in future
high-luminosity upgrade
!9
Signature ATLAS CMS
Mono-jet 36/fb 1711.03301 36/fb 1712.02345
Mono-γ 36/fb 1704.03848 13/fb 1706.03794
Mono-V(had) 3.2/fb 1608.02372 36/fb 1712.02345
Mono-Z(lep) 36/fb 1708.09624 36/fb 1711.00431
Mono-H(γγ,ττb,b)36.1/fb 1706.03948,
1707.0130236/fb EXO-16-055
[GeV] medMediator mass M0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[G
eV
] D
MD
ark
matter
mass m
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
LHCP 2017 PreliminaryCMS
Axial-vector mediator
Dirac DM = 1.0
DMg
= 0.25q
g
= 0l
gExclusion at 95% CL
Observed
Expected
[EXO-16-048]
)-1 (35.9 fbDM + j/V(qq)
[EXO-16-039]
)-1 (12.9 fbγDM +
[EXO-16-052]
)-1 (35.9 fbDM + Z(ll)
DM = 2 x m
MedM
0.12≥ 2 hcΩ
LHCP 2017 PreliminaryCMS
Axial-vector mediator
Dirac DM = 1.0
DMg
= 0.25q
g
= 0l
g
Martino Borsato - USC
SUSY searches
๏ SUSY provides a candidate for DM
• χ0 down to 100 GeV still allowed
• Many different searches constraining DM candidate
• Interplay with direct searches investigated with global fits
!10
pMSSM11 EPJC78(2018)3-256
E.Bagnaschi, K.Sakurai, MB, et al
100 101 102 103
mχ0
1[GeV]
10−50
10−48
10−46
10−44
10−42
10−40
10−38
σSI
p[c
m2]
PANDAX-II
XENO
N1T
LUX
XENONnT
XENON1T
LZ
CRESST-II
CDMSlite
CDEX-1
pMSSM11 w/ LHC13 : best fit, 1σ, 2σ, 3σpMSSM11 w/o LHC13 : best fit, 1σ, 2σ, 3σ
µ > 0, Ωχ0
1
= ΩCDM
mAMSB EPJC77(2017)4-268
E.Bagnaschi, MB, K.Sakurai, et al
Martino Borsato - USC
DM from Higgs decays
๏ Powerful search channel if mDM < mH/2
• H(125) only scalar we know, a portal to DM?
๏ Gluon fusion and VH
• Tag with ISR jet or a boson V(hh) or Z()
• Same final state as monoX searches
๏ Vector-boson fusion (VBF)
• Tag using forward jets (large ∆η)
• Low backgrounds (S/B ~ 0.5)
• Most sensitive signature
‣ 13TeV result from CMS BR < 28%(21% exp)
• Z(νν), W(ν) bkgs from control regions
• Shape fit to maximise sensitivity
‣ 8TeV result from ATLAS BR < 28%(31% exp)
• Still competitive, update soon!
!11Combined VBF-tag Z(ll)H-tag V(qq')H-tag ggH-tag
SM
σ inv.)
/→
x B
(H
σ95%
CL u
pper
limit o
n
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Observed
Median expected
68% expected
95% expected
(13 TeV)-1
35.9 fb
CMS Preliminary
Combined limit: 0.24 (0.18)
H(125)
χ
χ
H(125) χ
χ
W/Z∗
H
χ
χ
W/ZggF
VBF
VH
CMS PAS-HIG-17-023ATLAS 1508.07869
CMS PAS-HIG-17-023
Mediator → SM
!12
Martino Borsato - USC
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
MZ'B(GeV)
gB
UA2
CDF Run I
CDF 1.1 fb!1
CMS
0.13 fb!1
ATLAS 1 fb!1
CMS
4 fb!1
CMS 5 fb!1
CMS 20 fb!1
ATLAS
13 fb!1
L ∝gB
6Z 0
Bµqγµq
arXiv:1306.2629
Mediator searches
๏ New mediator can decay back to SM
๏ If mmed accessible at LHC could be
key to establish characteristics of
DM interaction
๏ Low sensitivity for light mmed due
to trigger pT thresholds
‣ Recently progress on this front:
1. Boosted dijets (ISR jet tag)
2. Data scouting (trigger-level jets)
!13
SM DM
SM DMmed
SM SM
SM SMmed
Martino Borsato - USCZ' mass (GeV)
50 100 200 300 1000
q'
couplin
g, g
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
1CMS
(13 TeV)-135.9 fb
95% CL upper limits
UA2 [13]
CDF Run 1 [18]
CDF Run 2 [19]
[24]-1ATLAS 8 TeV, 20.3 fb
[34]-1CMS 8 TeV, 18.8 fb
[35]-1CMS 13 TeV, 12.9 fb
Z Width (indirect) [71]
ObservedExpected 1 std. deviation±
2 std. deviation±
Mediator searches
Boosted dijets
๏ Require an ISR jet or γ to satisfy trigger threshold
๏ Boosted collimated dijet reconstructed as large-R jet
• Use jet substructure to separate
from single-jet background
๏ Example: CMS JHEP 01(2018)097
• Narrow ISR jet pT > 500 GeV
• Probing m(Z’) down to 50 GeV
• Background from single-jet control regions
(substructure variable uncorrelated from mass)
๏ Example: ATLAS arXiv:1801.08769
• Extending down to m(Z’) = 100 GeV
!14
Events
/ 5
GeV
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000Data 3)×W(qq)+jets (
Total SM pred. 3)×Z(qq)+jets (
Multijet pred. 3)×(qq)+jets (tt/t
=135 GeVZ'
=0.17, mq'
Z'(qq), g
(13 TeV)-1
35.9 fb
CMS
: 500-600 GeVT
p
(GeV)SDm50 100 150
Data
/Pre
dic
tion
0.9
1
1.1
JHEP 01(2018)097
JHEP 01(2018)097
Martino Borsato - USC
Mediator searches
Data scouting
๏ Reduce trigger rates at “low" mass
• Online jet reconstruction
• Compact event format
๏ Example: ATLAS arXiv:1804.03496
• Construct jets in HLT from Calorimeter
• Only jets pi and quality to disk (0.5%)
• ET > 100 GeV (29/fb), ET > 75 GeV (3.6/fb)
• Searching down to m(Z’) = 450 GeV
๏ Example: CMS PAS-EXO-16-056
• Calorimeter scouting m > 0.5 TeV:
• Particle-Flow scouting m > 1.25 TeV:
!15 [GeV]Z’
m
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
qg
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
|y*| < 0.3 |y*| < 0.6
1− 3.6 fb 1− 29.3 fb
ATLAS
= 13 TeVs
95% CL upper limits
TLA Observed
)σ 1-2±TLA Expected (
Dijet Observed
Eve
nts
/ B
in
410
510
610
710
810
2−
02
[GeV]jjm500 600 700 800 9001000 2000
2−
02
Sig
nific
an
ce
ATLAS
, |y*| < 0.3-1Data, 3.6 fbBackground fitBumpHunter interval
x 500σZ’, = 0.1
q = 550 GeV, gZ’m
, |y*| < 0.6-1Data, 29.3 fbBackground fitBumpHunter interval
x 500σZ’, = 0.1
q = 750 GeV, gZ’m
-value = 0.6pBH
-value = 0.42p 2χ
-value = 0.44pBH
-value = 0.13p 2χ
arXiv:1804.03496
arXiv:1804.03496
Martino Borsato - USC.....
.....
.....
......
.....
.....
.....
......
.....
.....
.....
......
.....
.....
.....
......
.....
......
.....
.....
.
50 100 200 300 1000 2000
[GeV]Z'M
1−10
1
qg
'
5% = Z'M / Z'Γ
10% = Z'M / Z'Γ
30% = Z'M / Z'Γ
50% = Z'M / Z'Γ
100% = Z'M / Z'Γ
qq→Z'
95% CL exclusions
~100% < Z'M / Z'Γ[ATLAS-EXOT-2017-01]
ATLAS Boosted Dijet, 13 TeV
[EXO-16-046]
, 13 TeVχCMS Dijet
[ATLAS-EXOT-2016-21]
ATLAS Dijet, 13 TeV
~10% < Z'M / Z'Γ[ATLAS-CONF-2016-030]
ATLAS TLA, 13 TeV
[EXO-16-056]
CMS Dijet, 13 TeV
[ATLAS-CONF-2016-070]
, 13 TeVγATLAS Dijet+ISR
[EXO-14-005]
CMS Dijet, 8 TeV
[ATLAS-CONF-2016-070]
ATLAS Dijet+ISR j, 13 TeV
[EXO-16-057]
CMS Dijet b tagged, 8 TeV[Nucl. Phys. B 400, 3 (1993)]UA2
[EXO-17-001]
CMS Boosted Dijet, 13 TeV[Phys. Rev. D 55, 5263 (1997)]CDF Run1
[Phys. Rev. D 79, 112002 (2009)]CDF Run2
[arXiv:1404.3947]
)Z'
/MZ'
ΓZ width (all
CMS Preliminary
Limits on the universal coupling between a leptophobic boson and quarks [EXO- 6- ] from various dijet analyses from CMS,ATLAS, CDF, and UA . The limits are shown in solid lines, with the excluded area above the lines. The grey dashed lines show thevalues at fixed values of . Most of the analyses, with the exception of Dijet , assume that the intrinsic width is negligiblecompared to the experimental resolution and hence are valid for . The Dijet analysis is valid for
. Also shown is an indirect constraint on from the boson width, which is valid for all values of .
|
boosted dijet
b-tagged
8 TeV
Dijet X
Dijet
Dijet ATLAS
Dijet 8 TeV
boosted dijet
(ATLAS)
UA2
Summary of dijet searches
•Searched also Z’→
‣CMS PAS-EXO-16-031
‣ATLAS arXiv:1707.02424
!16
[PRL 117,031802(2016)]
[JHEP 1801(2018)097]
[arXiv:1802.06149]
[arXiv:1803.08030]
CMS TLA jets
ATLAS
ATLAS TLA, 13 TeV
[arXiv:1804.03496]
Martino Borsato - USC
Mediator Mass [TeV]
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
DM
Mass [T
eV
]
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2DM Simplified Model Exclusions Preliminary July 2017ATLAS
= 1DM
= 0, gl
= 0.25, gq
gAxial-vector mediator, Dirac DM
All limits at 95% CL
Pert
urb
ativ
e U
nita
rity
Dije
t
arXiv:1703.09127 [hep-ex]
-1 = 13 TeV, 37.0 fbs
Dijet
Dije
t 8 T
eV
Phys. Rev. D. 91 052007 (2015)
-1 = 8 TeV, 20.3 fbs
Dijet 8 TeVD
ijet T
LA
ATLAS-CONF-2016-030
-1 = 13 TeV, 3.4 fbs
Dijet TLA
Dije
t +
IS
R
ATLAS-CONF-2016-070
-1 = 13 TeV, 15.5 fbs
Dijet + ISR
γ+missTE
Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 393
-1 = 13 TeV, 36.1 fbs
γ+missTE
+jetmissTE
ATLAS-CONF-2017-060
-1 = 13 TeV, 36.1 fbs
+jetmissTE
+ZmissTE
ATLAS-CONF-2017-040
-1 = 13 TeV, 36.1 fbs
+ZmissTE
DM
Mas
s =
Med
iato
r Mas
s
×2
= 0
.12
2hcΩ
Therm
al R
elic
Mono-X vs mediator searches
!17
gq = 0.25, g = 0 arXiv:1708.09674
Martino Borsato - USC
Mono-X vs mediator searches
!18
gq = 0.1, g = 0.01
Francesco Lo Sterzo Mediator Mass [TeV]
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
DM
Ma
ss [
Te
V]
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2DM Simplified Model Exclusions Preliminary July 2017ATLAS
= 1DM
= 0.01, gl
= 0.1, gq
gVector mediator, Dirac DM
All limits at 95% CL
Dije
tDijet
Phys. Rev. D. 91 052007 (2015)
-1 = 8 TeV, 20.3 fbsDijet 8 TeV
arXiv:1703.09127 [hep-ex]
-1 = 13 TeV, 37.0 fbsDijet
ATLAS-CONF-2016-030
-1 = 13 TeV, 3.4 fbsDijet TLA
ATLAS-CONF-2016-070
-1 = 13 TeV, 15.5 fbsDijet + ISR
+XmissTE
+XmissTE
Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 393
-1 = 13 TeV, 36.1 fbs γ+
miss
TE
ATLAS-CONF-2017-060
-1 = 13 TeV, 36.1 fbs+jet
miss
TE
Dile
pto
n
CERN-EP-2017-119
-1 = 13 TeV, 36.1 fbs
Dilepton
DM
Mas
s =
Med
iato
r Mas
s
×2
= 0
.12
2hcΩ
Therm
al R
elic
arXiv:1708.09674
Lighter mediators → SM
!19
Martino Borsato - USC
a
γ
γ
Dark Sectors at the LHC
๏ Address SM problems with light very-
weakly interacting states → Dark Sectors
‣ Can get also DM candidate (e.g. freeze-in)
๏ Dark sector portals:
• Scalar portal (φ)
• Vector portal (A’)
• Neutrino portal (N)
• Axion portal (a)
๏ Search at (low-energy) intensity frontier
• LHC can exploit huge cross-sections
• Main challenge: triggering
!20
portals
Recent review: 1608.08632
φ
h f
f
f
fA0
γ/Z
N ναsin θαN ν
Martino Borsato - USC
The LHCb potential
๏ Designed to exploit the LHC
intensity frontier to do B physics
๏ Only LHC detector fully
instrumented in forward region
๏ ~10x lower luminosity (low pile-up)
๏ Excellent vertex and mass resolution
๏ Capable of very soft triggers:
• At hardware level (L0):
‣Muons with pT > 1.8 GeV
‣Calo deposits with ET > 3 GeV
• At Software level (HLT):
‣Triggers on detached vertices
!21
Int.J.Mod.Phys. A 30, 1530022 (2015)
LHCb
MS
Cherenkov
drift tube
pixel silicon strip ECAL
HCAL muon
CMS
LHCb 2<η<5
๏ “Trigger-less” upgrade (2021)• Read-out detector in real time• Can trigger on detached vertices,
precise particle ID and more
TDR: [LHCB-TDR-016]
Martino Borsato - USC
๏ Look for new hidden-sector bosons
in b→s penguin transitions
๏ World record samples of B→K(*)µµ
• search for narrow µµ peak
๏ Allow detached µµ (within VELO)
• small SM mixing can give lifetime
๏ Constrain on light scalars
• mixing with SM Higgs
• world-best limits below 2mτ
• Complementary to Ship
!22
Dark Bosons from b→sPhys Rev Lett 115 161802 (2015)
Phys Rev D 95, 071101(R) (2017)
b
d
Vtb Vts
s
d
µ−
µ+
t
W+
χ
0 K
d/u d/u
B0(+)
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K∗(+)
<latexit sha1_base64="MKdkWGTkK1kC+oeEee1cXeXP934=">AAAB8XicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm2ARKkJJRFBXFtwIbioYW0hjmUwn7dDJhZkToYQ+hou60OLWJ/A13Pk2Ti8Lbf1h4OP/z2HOOX4iuELL+jZyS8srq2v59cLG5tb2TnF370HFqaTMobGIZcMnigkeMQc5CtZIJCOhL1jd712P8/oTk4rH0T32E+aFpBPxgFOC2nJvH7MmUVg+OR60iiWrYk1kLoI9g9LV53A4AoBaq/jVbMc0DVmEVBClXNtK0MuIRE4FGxSaqWIJoT3SYa7GiIRMedlk5IF5pJ22GcRSvwjNifu7IyOhUv3Q15Uhwa6az8bmf5mbYnDhZTxKUmQRnX4UpMLE2Bzvb7a5ZBRFXwOhkutZTdolklDUVyroI9jzKy+Cc1q5rNh3Vql6BlPl4QAOoQw2nEMVbqAGDlCI4Rle4c1A48UYGe/T0pwx69mHPzI+fgCNzpM1</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="W9PAAnX3ohJW/9H3t8deChSzF78=">AAAB8XicbZDNSsNAFIUn/tb6V3XpZrAIFaEkIqgrC24ENxWMLaSxTKaTduhkEmZuhBL6GC7sQsWtT+BruPNtnLRdaOuBgY9z7mXuvUEiuAbb/rYWFpeWV1YLa8X1jc2t7dLO7r2OU0WZS2MRq2ZANBNcMhc4CNZMFCNRIFgj6F/leeORKc1jeQeDhPkR6UoeckrAWN7NQ9YiGirHR8N2qWxX7bHwPDhTKF9+Puca1dulr1YnpmnEJFBBtPYcOwE/Iwo4FWxYbKWaJYT2SZd5BiWJmPaz8chDfGicDg5jZZ4EPHZ/d2Qk0noQBaYyItDTs1lu/pd5KYTnfsZlkgKTdPJRmAoMMc73xx2uGAUxMECo4mZWTHtEEQrmSkVzBGd25XlwT6oXVefWLtdO0UQFtI8OUAU56AzV0DWqIxdRFKMn9IJeLbBG1pv1PildsKY9e+iPrI8f6UaU+g==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="W9PAAnX3ohJW/9H3t8deChSzF78=">AAAB8XicbZDNSsNAFIUn/tb6V3XpZrAIFaEkIqgrC24ENxWMLaSxTKaTduhkEmZuhBL6GC7sQsWtT+BruPNtnLRdaOuBgY9z7mXuvUEiuAbb/rYWFpeWV1YLa8X1jc2t7dLO7r2OU0WZS2MRq2ZANBNcMhc4CNZMFCNRIFgj6F/leeORKc1jeQeDhPkR6UoeckrAWN7NQ9YiGirHR8N2qWxX7bHwPDhTKF9+Puca1dulr1YnpmnEJFBBtPYcOwE/Iwo4FWxYbKWaJYT2SZd5BiWJmPaz8chDfGicDg5jZZ4EPHZ/d2Qk0noQBaYyItDTs1lu/pd5KYTnfsZlkgKTdPJRmAoMMc73xx2uGAUxMECo4mZWTHtEEQrmSkVzBGd25XlwT6oXVefWLtdO0UQFtI8OUAU56AzV0DWqIxdRFKMn9IJeLbBG1pv1PildsKY9e+iPrI8f6UaU+g==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="ezGy9HAVxpiq5MtlN30VZ5WNhic=">AAAB8XicbVBNS8NAEN34WetX1aOXxSJUhJKIoN4KXgQvFYwtpLFstpt26WY37E6EEvozvHhQ8eq/8ea/cdvmoK0PBh7vzTAzL0oFN+C6387S8srq2nppo7y5tb2zW9nbfzAq05T5VAml2xExTHDJfOAgWDvVjCSRYK1oeD3xW09MG67kPYxSFiakL3nMKQErBbePeYcYqJ2ejLuVqlt3p8CLxCtIFRVoditfnZ6iWcIkUEGMCTw3hTAnGjgVbFzuZIalhA5JnwWWSpIwE+bTk8f42Co9HCttSwKeqr8ncpIYM0oi25kQGJh5byL+5wUZxJdhzmWaAZN0tijOBAaFJ//jHteMghhZQqjm9lZMB0QTCjalsg3Bm395kfhn9au6d+dWG+dFGiV0iI5QDXnoAjXQDWoiH1Gk0DN6RW8OOC/Ou/Mxa11yipkD9AfO5w/L+pBr</latexit>
0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0
mϕ (GeV)
10−12
10−10
10−8
10−6
sin2θ
CODEX-bSHiP
MATHUSLA
CHARM
LHCb, 3 fb−1
LHCb, 300 fb−1
Plot from arXiv:1708.09395
B.Batell, M.Pospelov, A.Ritz, PRD 83, 054005 (2011)F.Bezrukov, D.Gorbunov, JHEP05(2010)010, JHEP07(2013)140
as τ ∝ 1=θ2.from Ref. [2].
as BðBþ→ K
þχÞ ∝ θ2,
fraction into muons is directly
Martino Borsato - USC
310
410
510
210
310
410
510
610
710
m(µµ) [MeV ]
Can
didates/σ[m
(µµ)]/2
LHCb√
s = 13TeVµ+µ−
µ±µ±
prompt-like sample
pT(µ) > 1GeV, p(µ) > 20GeV
Dark Photons at LHCb
!23
๏ Can search for Dark Photons (A') in µµ
‣ Can be very light, produced as γ*
‣ Large fraction in forward region, very soft pT
๏ Data scouting technique in LHCb Run 2:
‣ Online reconstruction and tight µ-ID
‣ Only interesting part of the event to disk → no pre-scale down to threshold 2 mµ
γ*/A'
γ*/A'
PRL 120 (2018) no.6, 061801
Prompt-like dimuon
sample with no pre-scale
down to threshold!
Martino Borsato - USC !24
2−10
1−10 1 10
12−10
11−10
10−10
9−10
8−10
7−10
6−10
5−10
4−10
m(A0) [ GeV ]
ε2
LHCb
LHCb
Previous Experiments
90% CL exclusion regions on [m(A0), ε2]
PRL 120 (2018) no.6, 061801
Dark Photons at LHCb
Already competitive below 1 GeV
LHCb
Previous Experiments
First limits above 10 GeV
Martino Borsato - USC
Dark Photons at LHCb
๏ Proof of concept for soft µ searches at LHCb
• Multiple dimuons from dark cascade
• Heavy neutral leptons in displaced πµ
!25
2−10
1−10 1 10
12−10
11−10
10−10
9−10
8−10
7−10
6−10
5−10
4−10
m(A0) [ GeV ]
ε2
LHCb
LHCb
Previous Experiments
90% CL exclusion regions on [m(A0), ε2]
First limits above 10 GeV
PRL 120 (2018) no.6, 061801
Already competitive below 1 GeV
First non-beam-dump long lived A’ sensitivity LHCb
Previous Experiments
Other analysis filled the gap
A.Pierce et al. arXiv:1708.05389
Can recast to light scalar searches
Haisch et al. 1802.021566 8 10 12 14
m(φ) [GeV]
0
5
10
15
20
σ(gg→
φ)×B(
φ→
µµ)[pb]
Υ(1S)
Υ(2S)
Υ(3S)
LHCb√s = 8TeV
95% CL upper limits
Median expected
68% expected
95% expected
Observed
CMS expected
CMS observed
Today on the arXiv! 1805.09820
Martino Borsato - USC
LHCb Upgrade Dark Photon Reach
!26
-
/ /
/
-
-
/ /
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
[ ]
≡
α
w-mass BSM searches, including dark photons (predictions assume 15/fb).
Inclusive A’ →μμ @ LHCb
Ilten, Soreq, Thaler, MW, Xue
[1603.08926]
Radiative Charm Decays @ LHCb
Ilten, Thaler, MW, Xue
[1509.06765]
See talk by W.Xue
on Tu evening
Inclusive A’→µµ at LHCbIlten, Soreq, Thaler, Williams, Xue [1603.08926]
Radiative D Decays at LHCbIlten, Thaler, Williams, Xue [1509.06765]
10
10
ε2
10
m(A0) [ GeV ]
Run 3 reach for dark photons
๏Using D*0 → D0A’(ee)
๏With upgraded trigger
expect 300⨉109 D*0 → D0γ
per fb-1 (15/fb in Run 3)
Martino Borsato - USC
Conclusions
๏ Investigating the origin of Dark Matter is one of the main goals of the LHC program
๏ Different and often complementary searches:
• Mediator → DM (holistic)
‣ Mono-X searches
‣ Higgs to invisible searches
• Mediator → SM (peak search)
‣ Searching structure in dijet (dilepton) spectrum
‣ Data scouting and boosted jets to reach lower masses
• Lighter mediators → SM (dark sectors)
‣ LHCb recently demonstrated to be very sensitive
!27
BACKUP
!28
Martino Borsato - USC
Theory uncertainties for mono-X
!29
Uncertainty source Process (magnitude) Correlation
Fact. & renorm. scales (QCD)Z → νν/W → `ν (0.1 – 0.5%)Z → νν/γ+jets (0.2 – 0.5%)
Correlated between processes;and in pT
pT shape dependence (QCD)Z → νν/W → `ν (0.4 – 0.1%)Z → νν/γ+jets (0.1 – 0.2%)
Correlated between processes;and in pT
Process dependence (QCD)Z → νν/W → `ν (0.4 – 1.5%)Z → νν/γ+jets (1.5 – 3.0%)
Correlated between processes;and in pT
Effects of unknown Sudakov logs (EW)Z → νν/W → `ν (0 – 0.5%)Z → νν/γ+jets (0.1 – 1.5%)
Correlated between processes;and in pT
Missing NNLO effects (EW)Z → νν (0.2 – 3.0%)W → `ν (0.4 – 4.5%)γ+jets (0.1 – 1.0%)
Uncorrelated between processes;correlated in pT
Effects of NLL Sudakov approx. (EW)Z → νν (0.2 – 4.0%)W → `ν (0 – 1.0%)γ+jets (0.1 – 3.0%)
Uncorrelated between processes;correlated in pT
Unfactorized mixed QCD-EW correctionsZ → νν/W → `ν (0.15 – 0.3%)Z → νν/γ+jets (<0.1%)
Correlated between processes;and in pT
PDFZ → νν/W → `ν (0 – 0.3%)Z → νν/γ+jets (0 – 0.6%)
Correlated between processes;and in pT
CMS mono-X arXiv:1712.02345
Martino Borsato - USC
HNL in B→π+µ−µ−
๏ Lepton number violating B−→π+µ−µ− can
proceed via on-shell Majorana neutrinos
๏ Look for B mass peak, then extract limit
as a function of mN
๏ Limit set on N(πµ) lifetimes up to 1000 ps
๏ Constraints on mixing angle Vµ4
• Recently revisited
๏ Also searched in charm D+→π−µ+µ+
!30
Neutrino mass [MeV]
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Upper
lim
it
-910
-810
-710
-610 1 ps
10 ps
100 ps
200 ps
500 ps
1000 ps
LHCb
W
+
+
u N
W
b
B
Can be displaced
Phys Rev Lett 112 131802 (2014)
B Shuve, ME Peskin, PRD94 (2016) no.11, 113007
PLB 724 (2013) 203-212B → ×
B(D+→ π−µ+µ+) < 2.2 (2.5)× 10−8,
B(D+s→ π−µ+µ+) < 1.2 (1.4)× 10−7.
Martino Borsato - USC
Future HNL at LHCb
๏ Inclusive search
๏ Can also search higher masses using
on-shell W−→jet µ−µ−
!31
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π−
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PV (SV) TV
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µ+
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SVjet
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W+
<latexit sha1_base64="khczDvfVNWcrZYn/Bf6NagnUTCg=">AAAB6XicdZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiCEJI2kLryoIbl/USW2hjmUwn7dDJhZmJUEIfwY0LFbe+hCsfwp1v47SpoKI/DHz8/znMOceLOZPKsj6M3MLi0vJKfrWwtr6xuVXc3rmWUSIIdUjEI9H2sKSchdRRTHHajgXFgcdpyxudTvPWLRWSReGVGsfUDfAgZD4jWGnrsnVz1CuWLLNcLdcrVZRBuTaHio1s05qpdPL2egFazV7xvduPSBLQUBGOpezYVqzcFAvFCKeTQjeRNMZkhAe0ozHEAZVuOht1gg6000d+JPQLFZq53ztSHEg5DjxdGWA1lL+zqflX1kmUX3dTFsaJoiHJPvITjlSEpnujPhOUKD7WgIlgelZEhlhgovR1CvoIX5ui/8Epm8emfW6VGnXIlIc92IdDsKEGDTiDJjhAYAB38ACPBjfujSfjOSvNGfOeXfgh4+UTVy2PiQ==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="fCUL13KFWtJ44Ve5Lc9se2669nI=">AAAB6XicdZDNSsNAFIUn9a/Wv6pLQQaLIAghSQutKwtuXLZobKGNZTKdtEMnkzAzEUrp0qUbFypufYmufAh3PoMv4bSpoKIHBj7OuZe59/oxo1JZ1ruRWVhcWl7JrubW1jc2t/LbO1cySgQmLo5YJJo+koRRTlxFFSPNWBAU+ow0/MHZNG/cECFpxC/VMCZeiHqcBhQjpa2LxvVxJ1+wTKfkVIolmIJTnkPRhrZpzVQ4fZ3UP273J7VO/q3djXASEq4wQ1K2bCtW3ggJRTEj41w7kSRGeIB6pKWRo5BIbzQbdQwPtdOFQST04wrO3O8dIxRKOQx9XRki1Ze/s6n5V9ZKVFDxRpTHiSIcpx8FCYMqgtO9YZcKghUbakBYUD0rxH0kEFb6Ojl9hK9N4f/gOuaJadetQrUCUmXBHjgAR8AGZVAF56AGXIBBD9yBB/BoMOPeeDKe09KMMe/ZBT9kvHwCXuORzg==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="fCUL13KFWtJ44Ve5Lc9se2669nI=">AAAB6XicdZDNSsNAFIUn9a/Wv6pLQQaLIAghSQutKwtuXLZobKGNZTKdtEMnkzAzEUrp0qUbFypufYmufAh3PoMv4bSpoKIHBj7OuZe59/oxo1JZ1ruRWVhcWl7JrubW1jc2t/LbO1cySgQmLo5YJJo+koRRTlxFFSPNWBAU+ow0/MHZNG/cECFpxC/VMCZeiHqcBhQjpa2LxvVxJ1+wTKfkVIolmIJTnkPRhrZpzVQ4fZ3UP273J7VO/q3djXASEq4wQ1K2bCtW3ggJRTEj41w7kSRGeIB6pKWRo5BIbzQbdQwPtdOFQST04wrO3O8dIxRKOQx9XRki1Ze/s6n5V9ZKVFDxRpTHiSIcpx8FCYMqgtO9YZcKghUbakBYUD0rxH0kEFb6Ojl9hK9N4f/gOuaJadetQrUCUmXBHjgAR8AGZVAF56AGXIBBD9yBB/BoMOPeeDKe09KMMe/ZBT9kvHwCXuORzg==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="fpbWSJIMcQ28FtNOPZUs1HQsS+0=">AAAB6XicdVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBZBEEKSFlpvBS8eKxpbaGPZbDft0s0m7G6EUvoTvHhQ8eo/8ua/cdtGUNEHA4/3ZpiZF6acKe04H1ZhZXVtfaO4Wdra3tndK+8f3Kokk4T6JOGJ7IRYUc4E9TXTnHZSSXEcctoOxxdzv31PpWKJuNGTlAYxHgoWMYK1ka7bd2f9csWxvZrXqNbQknj1nFRd5NrOAhXI0eqX33uDhGQxFZpwrFTXdVIdTLHUjHA6K/UyRVNMxnhIu4YKHFMVTBenztCJUQYoSqQpodFC/T4xxbFSkzg0nTHWI/Xbm4t/ed1MR41gykSaaSrIclGUcaQTNP8bDZikRPOJIZhIZm5FZIQlJtqkUzIhfH2K/ie+Z5/b7pVTaTbyNIpwBMdwCi7UoQmX0AIfCAzhAZ7g2eLWo/VivS5bC1Y+cwg/YL19ApqnjYI=</latexit>
b → Xµ+µ+π−
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0.1 1 10 10010-12
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
0.01
1
MN HGeVL
VmN
2
BBN Seesaw
KÆmn
E949
NuTeV
DELPHI
L3
CMS
ATLAS
LHC14
SHiPFCC-ee
CHARM
FMMF
EWPD
PS191
BEBC
NA3
KÆmmp
LHCb
Belle
LBNE
arXiv:1502.06541
B(b → Xµ+ν)
B(B+ → µ+ν)> 105
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u/c
W−
N
µ− µ−
π+
W−
W+
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