DNA TECHNOLOGIES
DNA Fingerprinting
Gene Therapy
DNA fragments
Compares fragments to determine relatedness
Paternity, Identity and Criminal cases
DNA FINGERPRINTING
Ö Step 1 – Extract DNA
Ö Step 2 – Cut into fragments
Ö Step 3 – Separate fragments
Ö Step 4 – “Southern blot”
Ö Step 5 – Link fragments to probes
Ö Step 6 – Identify fragments with probes
Ö Step 7 – Repeat with different probes
Ö Step 8 – Compare patterns
DNA FINGERPRINTING STEPS
STEP 1 – EXTRACT DNA DNA is obtained from samples
obtained from individuals, trace evidence
Blood Semen Hair follicle Saliva Tissue embedded in wounds, etc Squames
STEP 2 – CUTTING OF THE DNA
Restriction Enzymes cut the DNA at specific places e.g. HaeIII cuts at GGCC occurs
STEP 3 – SEPARATE DNA FRAGMENTS
STEP 4 - SOUTHERN BLOT
STEP 5 –THRU 7 – LABELING FRAGMENTS
MORE PATTERN EXAMPLES
PaternityMissing Persons
Identify target DNA
Isolate and amplify target DNA
Insert target DNA into plasmids
Amplify plasmids
Expose target cells
Check for gene insertion
GENE CLONING
GENE CLONING
Insulin human gene inserted in E.
coli
Growth Hormonehuman gene inserted in E.
coli
Factor VIIIclotting protein
GENE ENGINEERING - GMOS
GENE ENGINEERING
An AquAdvantage salmon behind a non-transgenic Atlantic salmon sibling of the same age.