D O N O W : P G 3 4 , R E A D A S C L A S S . P R I M A R Y S O U R C E / M A I N I D E A

CHAPTER 2: EUROPE LOOKS OUTWARD

MAIN IDEA

• What route did Portugal take to obtaining Asian goods and why did they seek a sea route? Why did Columbus go west and why was his voyage west important?

HUMAN GRAPH

1. Christopher Columbus was the first European to discover America.

HUMAN GRAPH

• Christopher Columbus is a hero.

HUMAN GRAPH

• In the 1400s, most thought that the world was flat. Columbus’ voyage proved otherwise.

THE SEARCH FOR NEW TRADE ROUTES

• As noted in 2.1, the crusades (with people coming in contact with one another) created a desire for foreign goods from Asia (silks, spices, etc.)• The land route to Asia took a

long time and was dangerous, so new ship routes were sought out to make obtaining these goods easier.

PORTUGAL: LEADER IN EXPLORATION

PORTUGUESE PIONEERS IN EXPLORATION

• Portugal’s Prince Henry the Navigator• 1420- Started a school of navigation

in Portugal• Helped make accurate maps of

routes • Began trade with West and South

Africa (gold/ ivory)• Began slave trade• Began attempt to create sea route to

Asia (undiscovered)

PORTUGUESE PIONEERS IN EXPLORATION

• Bartholomeu Dias• Portuguese• 1487- Found the cape of

Africa. (the southern most tip)

PORTUGUESE PIONEERS IN EXPLORATION

• Vasco de Gama• Portuguese• Found a route around

Africa• This route led to Asia• What advantage might

this have given the Portuguese?

PORTUGUESE PIONEERS IN EXPLORATION

• Alvarez Cabral• Accidentally landed in Brazil

(was trying to duplicate de Gama’s route.

• Claimed Brazil for Portugal• They still speak Portuguese

today in Brazil• After Brazil, he got back on

track, and started trading with Asia by going around Africa

• By duplicating this route, Portugal had a reliable, cheap way to bring goods into Portugal to sell to the rest of Europe.

• What was the importance of de Gama and Cabral?

COLUMBUS

• Sailed for Portugal at first• Portugal was

happy with their route to Asia established by de Gama (around Africa)

• Columbus wanted to find an even faster route by finding a route west across the Atlantic.

COLUMBUS’ WESTERN ROUTE THEORY

• Columbus was trying to find India via a Western Route• In the 1400s, most EDUCATED people believed

the world to be round. Most thought it possible to get to India via a western route• The controversy was over how long it would take

to traverse this western route, not if the earth was round or flat.• Columbus underestimated the size of the earth,

and indeed it took far longer than he had planned (and he didn’t even land in India.)

COLUMBUS SHIFTS TO SPAIN• Portugal was happy with

their route, so Columbus decided to elicit support from another sponsor. • He approach Spain under

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.• Spain had recently

defeated the Moors in 1492, a longtime foe.• This victory let the Spanish

focus on other goals.

COLUMBUS SAILS FOR SPAIN

• Spanish accept Columbus’ bid for two reasons:• Columbus promised to

bring Christianity to any lands discovered (Spain and their leaders were staunch Catholics)

• Spain would become vastly wealthy for being the first to discover a western route (THIS WAS A BIG GAMBLE)

EUROPEAN DISCOVERY OF AMERICA

• Was Columbus the first?• Video

THE VIKINGS• Leif Erikson- Video• The Vikings

discovered North America about 400-500 years before Chris Columbus.

WHY DOES COLUMBUS GET CREDIT?

• Columbus gets credit because he was the explorer who initiated a wave of European colonization.• What is colonization?• Colonization- is the act of setting up a colony away from

one's place of origin.• Colony-a body of people living in a new territory but

retaining ties with the parent state.• A Colony’s purpose is to generate money for the mother

country via trade• Boom Beach/ Clash of Clans example• Gold, Elixir mines and drills

WHAT WAS COLUMBUS LOOKING FOR?

• Columbus was looking for a route to Asia, specifically India.• Europe traded

with this region, so Columbus was looking for a western trade route.

COLUMBUS CONTROVERSY

• How do you think Native Americans feel about Columbus?

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

• Transfer of ideas, people and products between the hemispheres. • Many changes were positive• Europeans and Natives people traded livestock/ plants

• Many changes were negative• Europeans brought germs to which Native Americans had

no immunity, or natural resistance. • Native Americans died by the thousands and is

considered a genocide

SPAIN V. PORTUGAL IN THE NEW WORLD

• Both Spain and Portugal were now in the new world.• They turned to the Pope to decide

how to split the lands• The Pope created the “demarcation

line” which divided the lands in half between the two nations• Was this a good method?

OTHER NOTEWORTHY EXPLORERS

• Vasco de Balboa- Discovered Pacific Ocean• Amerigo Vespucci- Realized

this was a separate continent, not Asia. (where the name Americas comes from)• Magellan- first

circumnavigation around the world. (sailed all the way around)

EXPLORATION SONG

• http://www.flocabulary.com/age-of-exploration/

CLOSURE:

• Tweet why you think Spain took the risk of sending Columbus west.

• OR

• Tweet one thing you learned about Columbus

AGE OF EXPLORATION PROJECT

• You will work with a partner that is assigned to you. With your partner, you will be assigned an explorer. Your job is to become a master in learning about this explorer so you can teach the class about them. You will create a PowerPoint with the following information.• Slide 1- Name, country sailed for, year they

sailed, picture of their route, picture of their face• Slide 2- What they are famous for, why they are

significant, picture of your choice• Slide 3- Make a short poem or song about your

explorer

EXPLORERS

• Hernan Cortes• Fransisco Pizaro • Ferdinand Magellan• Vasco De Gama• Amerigo Vespucci• John Cabot• Henry Hudson• Samuel de Champlain• Juan Ponce de Leon• Leif Erikson• Vasco Nunez de Balboa