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doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 1
Project:Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: FM-UWB for Wearable BANDate Submitted: 20 January, 2009
Source: John F.M. Gerrits & John R. FarserotuCSEM Systems EngineeringJaquet Droz 1, CH2002 Neuchatel, SwitzerlandVoice: +41 32 720 56 52, FAX: +41 32 720 57 20, E-Mail: [email protected]
Re: This document is CSEM’s response to the Call For Proposal from the IEEE P802.15 Task Group 6 on BAN.
Abstract: This document presents FM-UWB: a constant envelope LDR UWB air interface for short range BAN applications.
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to
change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 2
FM-UWB Alliance
CSEM, Neuchâtel, SwitzerlandJohn F.M. Gerrits, Dr. John R. Farserotu, Jérôme Rousselot
NXP Semiconductors, Eindhoven, The NetherlandsGerrit van Veenendaal
ACORDE TECHNOLOGIES S.A., Santander, SpainDr. Manuel Lobeira
TU Delft, Delft, The NetherlandsProf. John R. Long
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 3
Presentation Outline
1. Wearable MBAN Applications & Requirements
2. Regulations, Coexistence, SAR
3. QoS, Robustness
4. Medium Access Control
5. Hardware Prototype
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 4
Wearable Medical BAN applications
MBAN• Bio-Medical
– EEG Electroencephalography– ECG Electrocardiogram– EMG Electromyography (muscular)– Blood pressure– Blood SpO2– Blood pH– Glucose sensor– Respiration
– Temperature – Fall detection
• Sports performance– Distance– Speed– Posture (Body Position)– Sports training aid
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 5
Key Wearable Medical BAN requirements
Parameter Medical BAN requirement
Coexistence andRobustness
Good (low interference to other systems, high tolerance to interference)
SAR Regulations < 1.6 mW (US) / < 20 mW (EU)
QoS (Medical BAN) PER < 10%, delay < 125 ms
Data Rates 10 kbps to 10 Mbps
Power Consumption Low, autonomy > 1 year (e.g. with 1% duty cycle, MAC sleep modes, 500 mAh battery)
Reliability Robust to multipath interference, > 95% link success/availability
Insertion/de-insertion < 3 seconds
Transmission range > 3 m
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 6
1. Wearable MBAN Applications & Requirements
2. Regulations, Coexistence, SAR
3. QoS, Robustness
4. Medium Access Control
5. Hardware Prototype
Outline
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 7
Sub-carrier Oscillator
RF Oscillator
d(t) m(t) V(t) Subcarrier
Transmitter architecture
Spreading
BW: 30 - 250 kbps 60 - 500 kHz > 500 MHz
freq: baseband 1 - 4 MHz 6 - 9 GHz
Modulation
FSK FM RF
Data
An analog FM signal may have any bandwidth independent of modulation frequency or bit rate. This is analog spread spectrum.
50 W RF
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 8
FM-UWB Transmitter Signal
• Flat power spectral density• Steep spectral roll-off• Good coexistence • SAR compliant
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 9
1. Wearable MBAN Applications & Requirements
2. Regulations, Coexistence, SAR
3. QoS, Link Margin, Robustness
4. Medium Access Control
5. Hardware Prototype
Outline
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 10
Instantaneous despreading
BW: > 500 MHz 60 - 500 kHz 30 - 250 kbpsfreq: 6 - 9 GHz 1 - 4 MHz baseband
LNA
d(t)WidebandFM
Demodulator
Sub-carrierFilter &
Demodulator
FSKdemodulation
RF
Data Sub-carrier
Receiver architecture
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 11
Receiver processing gain
R1
f2log10
B
Blog10G
SUB
RF10
SUB
RF10PdB
GPdB = 30 dB @ R = 250 kbpsGPdB = 39 dB @ R = 31.25 kbps
Only noise/interference in the subcarrier banwidth is taken into account.This bandwidth reduction after the wideband FM demodulator yieldsreal processing gain:
Processing gain increases for lower bit rates:
Processing gain mitigates • Multiple-access interference• Frequency-selective multipath• Interference
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 12
Link Margin: Required RF SNR
SNRMIN = -7dB for BER 1x10-6 at 250 kbps [Eurasip 2005]
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 13
Link Margin: Received signal at 3 meters.
PRX(3m) = -74 dBm
λ
πdPP TXRX
4log20dBmdBm 10
d = 3mf = 7.5 GHz = 4 cm
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 14
Link Margin: Receiver Input Noise and SNR
SNRMIN = -7dB
9 dB of theoretical link margin, leaving room for practical implementation loss.
PN = -174 +10log10(500x106)+5 = -82 dBm
BRF = 500 MHz NFRX = 5 dB
PRX(3m) = -74 dBm
SNRRF(3m) = 12 dB
-
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 15
Robustness to frequency-selective multipath
CM3 CM4
[ICUWB 2007]
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 16
Robustness to narrowband interference
In-band narrowband interference up to 15 dBstronger than the wanted signal is tolerated.
FM-UWB
Interferer
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 17
PHY Synchronization
• Synchronization like a narrowband FSK system• CSMA: listen before transmit
Start of transmission Receiver synchronized
< 400 s synchronization time
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 18
1. Wearable MBAN Applications & Requirements
2. Regulations, Coexistence, SAR
3. QoS, Robustness
4. Medium Access Control
5. Hardware Prototype
Outline
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 19
WiseMAC-HA
• Star or mesh topology• No. of devices is scalable (traffic limited e.g. 6 to 256)• Robust and reliable: DAA • Ability to decide on efficient modes changes
(Low Power WiseMAC or High Throughput CSMA)
Sensor (LP)
Sink
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 20
Frequency Management
• RF FDMA is used to further increase capacity
Channel NRF RF center frequency
H1 100 6400 MHz
H2 109 6976 MHz
H3 118 7552 MHz
H4 127 8128 MHz
H5 136 8704 MHz
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 21
1. Wearable MBAN Applications & Requirements
2. Regulations, Coexistence, SAR
3. QoS, Robustness
4. Medium Access Control
5. Hardware Prototype
Outline
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 22
Today‘s FM-UWB High Band Prototype
ICIC
IC
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 23
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 24
Prototype Characteristics
RF center frequency
6.4 – 8.7 GHz
RF bandwidth 500 MHz
RF output power -15 dBm
Subcarrier frequency 1 - 2 MHz
Subcarrier modulation FSK
Raw bit rate < 250 kbps
Receiver sensitivity < -85 dBm
TX, RX switching time < 100 s
RX synchronization time < 400 s
Power consumption 15 mW Rx5.5 mW Tx (*)
Transmitter PTX 5.5 mW RF VCO 2.5 mWRF Output stage 2.0 mWDDS 1.0 mWReceiver PRX 15 mW Low Noise Amplifier 5.0 mWWideband FM Demodulator 4.0 mWSubcarrier processing 5.0 mWDDS 1.0 mW
(*): First Generation Multi-chip set
Target power consumption4 mW Tx, 8 mW Rx
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 25
Final Product Size, Complexity
Product size limited by antenna and batteryLow Complexity [1], Small Chip Area
20 x 20 mm
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 26
Possible ways of merging with other radios
• At the PHY level: exploit common radio front-end blocks• TX RF VCO, output stage• RX LNA, downconversion mixer
• At the MAC level: Common MAC• LDR FM-UWB and MDR (IR/DS) radio• FM-UWB 7.25-8.5 GHz, Narrowband 2.4 MHz
• At the system level: e.g. common control• Low power, yet robust FM-UWB control
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 27
Concluding remarks
• Good co-existence• with existing air interfaces
• Robustness• interference, multipath
• Spectral properities• flatness, spectral roll-off
• Simple radio architecture• no frequency conversion• relaxed HW specifications enable low power consumption• fast synchronization
FM-UWB is a true low-complexity LDR UWB radio technology designed to meet the requirements for Wearable Medical BAN and compatible
with requirements of other standardization bodies, e.g., ETSI eHealth.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 28
Annex
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0054-00-0006
Submission
January, 2009
Slide 29
References
[TCAS2008] John F.M. Gerrits, John R. Farserotu and John R. Long,"Low-Complexity Ultra Wideband Communications", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II, Vol. 55, No. 4, April 2008, pp. 329 - 333.
[ICUWB2007] John F.M. Gerrits, John R. Farserotu and John R. Long,"Multipath Behavior of FM-UWB Signals",ICUWB2007, Singapore, September 2007.
[TG6_2007] John F.M. Gerrits, and John R. Farserotu,"FM-UWB: A Low Complexity Constant Envelope LDR UWB Communication System",IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs),16 - 20 July 2007, San Francisco, California, USA, doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0778-04-0ban.
[EURASIP2005] John F.M. Gerrits, Michiel H.L. Kouwenhoven, Paul R. van der Meer, John R. Farserotu, John R. Long,“Principles and Limitations of Ultra Wideband FM Communications Systems”,
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Volume 2005, Number 3, 1 March 2005, pp. 382 - 396.