Don’t worry, you’ll Like Don’t worry, you’ll Like him, he’s a fungi! him, he’s a fungi! Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi differ in differ in form, size and color form, size and color Oldest fossils are 450- Oldest fossils are 450- 500 million years old 500 million years old Most grow best in Most grow best in moist moist , , warm warm environments environments between 20-30°C between 20-30°C Most are Most are multicellular multicellular (except yeasts) (except yeasts) Heterotrophic, Heterotrophic, Decomposers Decomposers Phylum Phylum is replaced with is replaced with divisions divisions http://www.naturegrid.org.uk/b iodiversity/crypfungi.html
Transcript
Don’t worry, you’ll Like him, he’s a Don’t worry, you’ll Like him, he’s a fungi!fungi!
Kingdom FungiKingdom Fungi differ in differ in form, size and colorform, size and color
Oldest fossils are 450-Oldest fossils are 450-500 million years old500 million years old
Most grow best in Most grow best in moistmoist, , warmwarm environments environments between 20-30°Cbetween 20-30°C
Most are Most are multicellularmulticellular (except yeasts)(except yeasts)
Structure of a FungiStructure of a Fungi HyphaeHyphae – threadlike – threadlike
filaments which develop filaments which develop from fungal from fungal sporesspores
HyphaeHyphae elongate at their elongate at their tips and branch tips and branch extensively to form a extensively to form a network of filaments network of filaments called a called a myceliummycelium..
MyceliumMycelium – (many types) – (many types) some some anchor the fungusanchor the fungus, , others others invade the foodinvade the food source, or function as a source, or function as a reproductive reproductive structurestructure
You should take care in eating wild mushrooms, they have evolved to be poisonous!
Plants versus FungiPlants versus Fungi Like Like plantsplants, they grow , they grow
anchored in the soilanchored in the soil and have and have cell wallscell walls..
Unlike Unlike plantsplants, which , which have cell walls made have cell walls made of of cellulosecellulose, fungi use , fungi use a complex a complex carbohydratecarbohydrate called called chitinchitin..
Chitin gives the fungal Chitin gives the fungal cell wallscell walls both both strengthstrength and and flexibilityflexibility..
Fungal FeedingFungal Feeding There are 3 ways There are 3 ways
heterotrophic Fungi feed:heterotrophic Fungi feed:– SaprophytesSaprophytes are are
decomposers and feed on decomposers and feed on waste or dead organic waste or dead organic material.material.
– MutualistsMutualists live in a live in a symbiotic relationship symbiotic relationship with another organism like with another organism like an alga.an alga.
– ParasitesParasites absorb absorb nutrients from the living nutrients from the living cells of their hostscells of their hosts
Specialized hyphae Specialized hyphae called called haustoriahaustoria
Fungal ReproductionFungal Reproduction One important criterion One important criterion
for classifying fungi into for classifying fungi into divisionsdivisions is their patterns is their patterns of of reproductionreproduction
FragmentationFragmentation – pieces – pieces of hyphae broken off a of hyphae broken off a mycelium grow into new mycelium grow into new mycelia.mycelia.
Unicellular fungi (yeast) Unicellular fungi (yeast) reproduce by asexual reproduce by asexual budding.budding.
Most fungi produce Most fungi produce sporesspores: specialized : specialized mycelium called mycelium called sporangiumsporangium. . – ProtectsProtects the spores before the spores before
being released and keeps being released and keeps them them moistmoist
Advantage of SporesAdvantage of Spores Protection from harm (sporangium)Protection from harm (sporangium) Small & lightweight, can be Small & lightweight, can be
dispersed by wind, water, animalsdispersed by wind, water, animals– Wind can disperse a spore 100s Wind can disperse a spore 100s
of kilometers.of kilometers. Produce a large number of spores at Produce a large number of spores at
one time one time – A puffball 23 cm in A puffball 23 cm in
circumference produces about 1 circumference produces about 1 Trillion spores!Trillion spores!
– Greater survival in numbersGreater survival in numbers Fungi can produce 2 types of Fungi can produce 2 types of
ZygomycotaZygomycota Called “Pin molds” or Called “Pin molds” or
“sugar molds”“sugar molds” Attack Attack breadsbreads & & fruitsfruits 900 species 900 species Root-like hyphae called Root-like hyphae called
rhizoidsrhizoids penetrate the penetrate the bread’s surface, stem-bread’s surface, stem-like hyphae called like hyphae called stolonsstolons run along the run along the bread surfacebread surface
Sac FungiSac Fungi
AscomycotesAscomycotes – have – have ascusascus, reproductive , reproductive structure that structure that contains sporescontains spores
30,000 species 30,000 species Includes: cup fungi, Includes: cup fungi,
yeast, morels, trufflesyeast, morels, truffles
Club FungiClub Fungi
BasidomycotesBasidomycotes: : have club-shaped have club-shaped hyphae (basidia) hyphae (basidia) which produce which produce basidosporesbasidospores
25,000 species25,000 species Include: puffballs, Include: puffballs,
25,000 species25,000 species Species are varied, Species are varied,
can not be assigned can not be assigned to other phylato other phyla
Includes penicillin, Includes penicillin, blue cheese veinsblue cheese veins
A unique fungi: LichenA unique fungi: Lichen LichenLichen – a symbiotic – a symbiotic
association between a association between a fungusfungus & a & a green algagreen alga
Only need Only need light, air, light, air, mineralsminerals to grow to grow
Awesome case of Awesome case of MutualismMutualism……– The photosynthetic The photosynthetic algaalga
provides the provides the foodfood for the for the organismorganism
– The The fungusfungus provides the provides the alga with alga with waterwater, , mineralsminerals and and protectsprotects it it from the environment.from the environment.
In this experiment, you will observe cellular respiration in yeast. In each of the four test tubes is Bromothymol Blue (turns yellow when it detects cell respiration) kept at 40 degrees Celsius.
Test Tube 1 – Yeast and SugarTest Tube 2 – Yeast, No SugarTest Tube 3 – Sugar OnlyTest Tube 4 – No Sugar, No Yeast
Pre-lab PredictionsPre-lab Predictions
1. What is the product of cellular 1. What is the product of cellular respiration that we are trying to detect?respiration that we are trying to detect?
2. What type of respiration occurs in 2. What type of respiration occurs in yeast? (yeast? (HintHint: no Oxygen needed!): no Oxygen needed!)
3. Name one of the two constants in this 3. Name one of the two constants in this experiment.experiment.
4. Which test tube # is the control? 4. Which test tube # is the control?
Generate your Generate your hypothesishypothesis in your notes in your notes now! now!
