Convention on Biological Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 1992 Diversity (CBD) 1992 (entered into force in December 1993)(entered into force in December 1993)
websitewebsite: www.cbd.int: www.cbd.int
Dr Mahfuzul HaqueDr Mahfuzul Haque
IntroductionIntroduction
Earth’s biological resources are vital to Earth’s biological resources are vital to humanity’s economic and social humanity’s economic and social development. As a result, there is a growing development. As a result, there is a growing recognition that biological diversity is a recognition that biological diversity is a global asset of tremendous value to present global asset of tremendous value to present and future generations. At the same time, and future generations. At the same time, the threat to species and ecosystems has the threat to species and ecosystems has never been so great as it is today. Species never been so great as it is today. Species extinction caused by anthropogenic extinction caused by anthropogenic activities continues at an alarming rate.activities continues at an alarming rate.
Meaning of BiodiversityMeaning of Biodiversity
““Biological diversityBiological diversity” means the variability ” means the variability among living organisms from all sources among living organisms from all sources including including inter aliainter alia, terrestrial, marine and , terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystemsspecies and of ecosystems..
Convention on Biological Convention on Biological
Diversity (CBD), 1992Diversity (CBD), 1992 PreamblePreamble
The parties were conscious ofThe parties were conscious ofIntrinsic value of biological diversityIntrinsic value of biological diversityConservation of biological diversity is a common heritage Conservation of biological diversity is a common heritage of humankindof humankindStates have sovereign rights over their biological States have sovereign rights over their biological resourcesresourcesStates are responsible for conserving their biological States are responsible for conserving their biological diversitydiversityLack of full scientific data not to be an excuse for Lack of full scientific data not to be an excuse for inactioninactionRecognition of traditional dependence of many Recognition of traditional dependence of many indigenous and local communities on biological diversityindigenous and local communities on biological diversity
Article 1Article 1ObjectivesObjectives
Three objectives of the Convention are:Three objectives of the Convention are:
Conservation of biological diversityConservation of biological diversity
Ensure sustainable use of its componentsEnsure sustainable use of its components
Ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits Ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resourcesarising from the use of genetic resources
Article 2Article 2Use of TermsUse of Terms
Biological diversity Biological diversity means variability among living means variability among living organisms-terrestrial, marine and aquatic systems organisms-terrestrial, marine and aquatic systems including diversity within and between species and including diversity within and between species and ecosystemsecosystemsBiodiversity could be defined as species richness Biodiversity could be defined as species richness (plants, animals and microorganism) occurring as an (plants, animals and microorganism) occurring as an interacting system in a given habitat. It is a total sum of interacting system in a given habitat. It is a total sum of genes, species and ecosystemsgenes, species and ecosystemsThere are about 1.4 million species at present known in There are about 1.4 million species at present known in the world. The number is likely to be about 30 to 50 the world. The number is likely to be about 30 to 50 million.million.
Article 2Article 2Use of TermsUse of Terms
BiotechnologyBiotechnology means technological application means technological application used on biological systems, living organisms to used on biological systems, living organisms to make or modify productsmake or modify productsEx-situEx-situ (off-site) conservation (off-site) conservation: outside natural : outside natural habitats (birds park; botanical gardens)habitats (birds park; botanical gardens)In-situIn-situ (on-site) conservation (on-site) conservation: in natural : in natural surrounding (protected areas; sanctuary; ECA; surrounding (protected areas; sanctuary; ECA; national park)national park)
Article 2Article 2Use of TermsUse of Terms
AnAn ecosystem ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal and is a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit (such as forest environment interacting as a functional unit (such as forest ecosystem, wetland ecosystem, mountain ecosystem)ecosystem, wetland ecosystem, mountain ecosystem)Species DiversitySpecies Diversity: Diversity of different species within a : Diversity of different species within a geographical area or an ecosystem, such as mango, tigergeographical area or an ecosystem, such as mango, tigerGenetic DiversityGenetic Diversity: Diversity of different genes, also known : Diversity of different genes, also known as “diversity within species” . Example; as “diversity within species” . Example; lengra, fazlelengra, fazle mangoesmangoesProtected Area Protected Area means a geographically defined area means a geographically defined area designated or regulated to achieve specific conservation designated or regulated to achieve specific conservation objectivesobjectives
Article 6Article 6
To develop national strategies, plans for To develop national strategies, plans for conservation and sustainable use of conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity : National Biodiversity biological diversity : National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)
To integrate conservation and sustainable To integrate conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into sectoral plans use of biological diversity into sectoral plans and policiesand policies
Article 8Article 8In-situIn-situ conservation conservation
Establish Protected Areas (PAs)Establish Protected Areas (PAs)Develop Guidelines for PAsDevelop Guidelines for PAsPromote protection of ecosystemPromote protection of ecosystemPromote recovery of threatened speciesPromote recovery of threatened speciesRegulate, manage or control risks associated Regulate, manage or control risks associated with LMOs resulting from biotechnology which with LMOs resulting from biotechnology which are likely to have adverse environmental are likely to have adverse environmental impactsimpactsPrevent, control or eradicate alien invasive Prevent, control or eradicate alien invasive species, which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species, which threaten ecosystems, habitats or speciesspecies
Article 8 (j)Article 8 (j)In-situ conservationIn-situ conservation
Respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, Respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of local communityand involvement of local communityPromote innovation and practices of these Promote innovation and practices of these communities and encourage equitable sharing of communities and encourage equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of such benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge and practicesknowledge and practices
Article 9Article 9Ex-situ Ex-situ conservationconservation
Adopt measures for Adopt measures for ex-situ ex-situ conservation conservation preferably in the country of originpreferably in the country of origin
Adopt measures for recovery and Adopt measures for recovery and rehabilitation of threatened speciesrehabilitation of threatened species
Regulate and manage collection of Regulate and manage collection of biological resources from natural habitats biological resources from natural habitats for for ex-situex-situ conservation conservation
Article 12Article 12Research and TrainingResearch and Training
Establish and maintain program for Establish and maintain program for scientific and technical education and scientific and technical education and training measures for sustainable use of training measures for sustainable use of biological diversitybiological diversity
Promote and encourage researchPromote and encourage research
Article 14Article 14Impact AssessmentImpact Assessment
Introduce procedures in EIA so that likely Introduce procedures in EIA so that likely adverse impacts of a project on biological adverse impacts of a project on biological diversity could be addresseddiversity could be addressedEnvironment program and policies with likely Environment program and policies with likely adverse impacts on biological diversity should adverse impacts on biological diversity should be revisedbe revisedPromote exchange of information and Promote exchange of information and consultation through bilateral, multilateral and consultation through bilateral, multilateral and regional arrangementsregional arrangementsPromote emergency response measuresPromote emergency response measures
Article 15Article 15Access to Genetic ResourcesAccess to Genetic Resources
Access genetic resources for environmentally Access genetic resources for environmentally sound use onlysound use only
Access to mutually agreed terms and conditionsAccess to mutually agreed terms and conditions
Access subject to Prior Informed Consent (PIC)Access subject to Prior Informed Consent (PIC)
Legislative, administrative and policy measures Legislative, administrative and policy measures for sharing results of research and development for sharing results of research and development and the benefits arising from the commercial and the benefits arising from the commercial utilization of genetic resourcesutilization of genetic resources
Article 19Article 19
Parties may consider the need for a Parties may consider the need for a ProtocolProtocol setting out procedures for safe setting out procedures for safe transfer, handling and use of any transfer, handling and use of any Living Living Modified Organisms (LMOs)Modified Organisms (LMOs) resulting from resulting from biotechnology that may have adverse biotechnology that may have adverse effect on the conservation and sustainable effect on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversityuse of biological diversity
COP 10COP 10
Tenth Conference of Parties (COP-10) held at Tenth Conference of Parties (COP-10) held at Nagoya, Japan on 18-29 October 2010 was Nagoya, Japan on 18-29 October 2010 was attended by 193 country-partiesattended by 193 country-parties
Aichi-Nagoya Strategic Biodiversity Plan (2011-Aichi-Nagoya Strategic Biodiversity Plan (2011-2020) with vision for 2050 was finalized2020) with vision for 2050 was finalized
Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing was Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing was adoptedadopted
2010 declared as the International Year of 2010 declared as the International Year of BiodiversityBiodiversity
Probable QuestionsProbable Questions
1.1. What are the three objectives of the CBD – What are the three objectives of the CBD – discussdiscuss
2.2. What is meant by What is meant by in-situin-situ and and ex-situex-situ conservation- discuss in the light of CBDconservation- discuss in the light of CBD
3.3. Write short notes on Ecosystem Diversity; Write short notes on Ecosystem Diversity; Species Diversity; and Genetic DiversitySpecies Diversity; and Genetic Diversity
Further ReadingFurther Reading
Text on Convention on Biological Text on Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992; Diversity, 1992; websitewebsite: www.cbd.int: www.cbd.int
Thank YouThank You
