Dr. Subramanian Swamy & Ors. v. Raju Through Member Juvenile Justice Board

8/12/2019 Dr. Subramanian Swamy & Ors. v. Raju Through Member Juvenile Justice Board

1/68Page 1

REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTIONCRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 695 OF 2014

(Arisin O!" #$ SLP (Cr%.& N#.195' #$ 201'&

DR. SU RAMANIAN S)AM* + ORS. ... APPELLANT (S&

,ERSUS

RAJU THR. MEM ER JU,ENILE ... RESPONDENT (S& JUSTICE OARD + ANR.

)i"-

).P. (Cr%.& N#.204 #$ 201'

J U D G M E N T

RANJAN GOGOI, J.

SLP (Cr%.& N#.195' #$ 201'

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i. Laying down an authoritative interpretationof Sections 2(I) and 2(k) of the Act that thecriterion of 18 years set out therein does notco prehend cases grave offences in genera!

and of heinous cri es against wo en in particu!ar that shakes the root of hu anity ingenera!.

ii. "hat the definition of offences under Section2(p) of the Act #e categori$ed as pergrievousness of the cri e co itted andthe threat of pu#!ic safety and order.

iii. "hat Section 28 of the Act #e interpreted in

ter s of its definition% i.e.% a!ternative punish ent and serious offences havingini u punish ent of seven years

i prison ent and a#ove #e #rought outsideits purview and the sa e shou!d #e tried #yan ordinary cri ina! court.

iv. Incorporating in the Act% the Internationa!concept of age of cri ina! responsi#i!ity anddi!uting the #!anket i unity provided tothe &uveni!e offender on the #asis of age.

v. "hat the instant Act #e read down inconsonance with the rights of victi as

protected #y various funda enta! rightsinc!uding Artic!e 1' and 21 of the

onstitution of India. (sic)

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specia! !eave petition does not suffer fro the viceof a#sence of !ocus on the part of the petitionersso as to render the sa e not aintaina#!e in !aw.

e% therefore% wi!! proceed to hear the specia!

!eave petition on erits and atte pt to provide ananswer to the severa! +uestions raised #y the petitioners #efore us. B (si/&

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(i) a /irection striking down as unconstitutiona!and void the *uveni!e *ustice ( are and ,rotectionof hi!dren) Act 2000 (Act o. 3 of 2000) to thee4tent it puts a #!anket #an on the power of thecri ina! courts to try a &uveni!e offender foroffences co itted under the Indian ,ena! ode%18305 and

(ii) a /irection that the -espondent o.2 #etried forthwith #y the co petent cri ina! court forthe offences against the daughter of the

petitioners in 6.I.-. o.'17 12% ,.S. 9asant 9ihar%ew /e!hi under sections

702 73 7:3(2); 7:: 70:7


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6 (2012) 10 SCC 12


21/68Page 21

constitute sitting in appea!% #ut is done on!y ine4ceptiona! circu stances% such as when theear!ier decision is per incuria or is de!ivered inthe a#sence of re!evant or ateria! facts or if it is

anifest!y wrong and capa#!e of causing pu#!icischief. 6or this proposition% the ourt re!iedupon the &udg ent in =enga! I unity case (AI-1< S 331) wherein it was he!d that when

Artic!e 1'1 !ays down that the !aw dec!ared #ythis ourt sha!! #e #inding on a!! courts within theterritory of India% it +uite o#vious!y refers tocourts other than this ourt5 and that the ourtwou!d nor a!!y fo!!ow past precedents save ande4cept where it was necessary to reconsider thecorrectness of !aw !aid down in that &udg ent. Infact% the overru!ing of a princip!e of !aw is not anoutco e of appe!!ate &urisdiction #ut aconse+uence of its inherent power. "his inherent

power can #e e4ercised as !ong as a previousdecree vis>?>vis a !is inter partes is not affected.It is the atte pt to overturn the decision of a

previous case that is pro#!e atic% which is whythe ourt o#served that@ auvery (2) case (1


22/68Page 22

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28/68Page 28

81. "he o ittee reco ends that the State party a#o!ish #y !aw the i position of the death pena!ty on persons under 18. "he o ittee a!soreco ends that the State party consider raising

the age of cri ina! responsi#i!ity and ensure that persons under 18 years are not tried as adu!ts. Inaccordance with the princip!e of non>discri ination contained in artic!e 2 of the

onvention% the o ittee reco ends artic!e2


29/68Page 29

3!"-#ri"3"i7 in" r8r "3"i#ns 3 r ss "# 3%% S"3" 83r"i s.

T- 3 #7 is"in/"i#n " n /#n/%! in # s r73"i#nsB

3n n r3% /# n"sB is -i -%i -" "# r3 3"" n"i#n "#"- $3/" "-3" in "- "in #$ "- C# i"" - % in n 73

in "- 3r 200@ / r"3in n r3% # s r73"i#ns i"- r 3r "#

MCAR #$ 1< 3rs r 3 -i/- #!% 388%i/3 % "#

S"3" 83r"i s #"- r "-3n In i3 3s "- %3 -3 3%r 3 n

3 n in #!r /#!n"r 8!rs!3n" "# "- /#n/%! in

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n3"!r #$ n r3% /# n"s in 83r3s '6 '@ 3n '< #$ "-

R 8#r"

73. "he o ittee a!so wishes to draw the

attention of States parties to the upper age>!i it

for the app!ication of the ru!es of &uveni!e &ustice.

"hese specia! ru!es > in ter s #oth of specia! procedura! ru!es and of ru!es for diversion and

specia! easures > shou!d app!y% starting at the

FA - set in the country% for a!! chi!dren who% at

the ti e of their a!!eged co ission of an offence

2


30/68Page 30

(or act punisha#!e under the cri ina! !aw)% have

not yet reached the age of 18 years.

7:. "he o ittee wishes to re ind States

parties that they have recogni$ed the right of

every chi!d a!!eged as% accused of% or recogni$ed as

having infringed the pena! !aw to #e treated in

accordance with the provisions of artic!e '0 of - .

"his eans that every person under the age of 18

years at the ti e of the a!!eged co ission of an

offence ust #e treated in accordance with the

ru!es of &uveni!e &ustice.

78. "he o ittee% therefore% reco ends that

those States parties which !i it the app!ica#i!ity of

their &uveni!e &ustice ru!es to chi!dren under the

age of 13 (or !ower) years% or which a!!ow #y way

of e4ception that 13 or 1:>year>o!d chi!dren are

treated as adu!t cri ina!s% change their !aws with

a view to achieving a non>discri inatory fu!!

app!ication of their &uveni!e &ustice ru!es to a!!

persons under the age of 18 years. "he

o ittee notes with appreciation that so e

States parties a!!ow for the app!ication of the ru!es

and regu!ations of &uveni!e &ustice to persons aged

18 and o!der% usua!!y ti!! the age of 21% either as a

genera! ru!e or #y way of e4ception. B

3


31/68Page 31

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36/68Page 36

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B UNITED INGDOM

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7 Committee on the Rights of the Chil ! 61 st Session! 05 "#to$e% 2012!CRC&C&CA'&C"&3 4! *%*s 85 86! +20+

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3 !%"s 3r ?!3%% 388%i/3 % in /3s 3 8 rs#n !n r 1 !ni/i83% "ri !n3%s /# 8risin $i7 %#/3%%

% /" rs 3% i"- /3s s in7#%7in 8r 3 #% s/ n"s

( #!n r /-i% r n&. J!7 ni% C#!r"s 3% i"- /3s s in7#%7in

#% r /-i% r n. C#n$in n" 3n in/3r/ r3"i#n 3r r s r7

$#r #% r #!"-s !8 "# "- 3 #$ 21 3rs.

E BANGLADE !n r "- JJ A/". A ;!7 ni% /3nn#"

"ri i"- 3n 3 !%" (S.1


49/68Page 49

D " r in3"i#n #$ "- 3 #$ "- ;!7 ni% is r ?!ir "#

3 #n "- 3sis #$ #/! n"3r 7i n/ (s!/- 3s

ir"- / r"i$i/3" 3"ri/!%3"i#n / r"i$i/3" #r M i/3% #3r3 in3"i#n&.

T- #3r is 8 /" "# /#n/%! "- in?!ir 3s s##n

3s 8#ssi % !n r R.1'. F!r"- r "- #3r is r ?!ir "#

s3"is$ i"s %$ "-3" "- ;!7 ni% -3s n#" n "#r"!r "-

8#%i/ #r 3n #"- r 8 rs#n 3n "# "3: s" 8s i$ i%% "r 3" n"

-3s #//!rr . Pr#/ in s !s" /#n !/" in "-

si 8% s" 3nn r 3n 3 /-i% $ri n % 3" #s8- r !s"

3in"3in (R.1'(2&( && 3n "- ;!7 ni% !s" i7 n 3

ri -" "# - 3r (/%3!s (/&&. T- in?!ir is n#" "#

/#n !/" in "- s8iri" #$ 3 7 rs3ri3% 8r#/ in s 3 $3/" "-3"

"- #3r is 8 /" "# : 8 in in 7 n in "-

3 in3"i#n #$ i"n ss s (R.1'('&&. R.1'(4& 8r#7i s "-3" "-

#3r !s" "r "# 8!" "- ;!7 ni% 3" 3s -i% 3 inin

-i 3n r /#r in -is s"3" n" "- #3r !s" n/#!r3

-i "# s8 3: i"-#!" $ 3r n#" #n% #$ "- /ir/! s"3n/ s #$

"- 3%% #$$ n/ !" 3%s# -is -# 3n s#/i3%

s!rr#!n in s. Sin/ "- !%"i 3" # ; /" #$ "- A/" is "-

4


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r -3 i%i"3"i#n #$ "- ;!7 ni% "- #3r is n#" r %

/#n/ rn i"- "- 3%% 3"i#ns #$ "- /ri !" 3%s# "-

!n r% in s#/i3% /3!s s $#r "- s3 in #r r "# $$ /"i7 %3% i"- s!/- /3!s s.

T- #3r 3 is8 ns i"- "- 3"" n 3n/ #$ "-

;!7 ni% !rin "- in?!ir i$ "-#! -" $i" (S. 4@&. $#r "-

#3r /#n/%! s #n "- ;!7 ni% >s in7#%7 n" i" !s"

/#nsi r "- s#/i3% in7 s"i 3"i#n r 8#r" 8r 83r "-

) %$3r O$$i/ r (R.15(2&&.

T- in?!ir !s" n#" 8r#%#n #n $#!r #n"-s

!n% ss "- #3r " n s "- 8 ri# $#r s8 /i3% r 3s#ns !

"# "- /ir/! s"3n/ s #$ "- /3s . In 3%% n#n s ri#!s /ri s

%3 #$ #r "-3n 6 #n"-s i%% " r in3" "- "ri3%

(R.1'(@&&.

Sentencing T- #3r is 8# r "# 83ss #n #$ "-

s 7 n is8#si"i#n3% #r rs ! s 15 #$ "- JJ A/"3 7i/ 3 #ni"i#n r#!8 /#!ns %in /# !ni" s r7i/

83 n" #$ $in r % 3s #n 8r# 3"i#n #$ ## /#n !/" 3n

8%3/in "- ;!7 ni% !n r "- /3r #$ 83r n" #r !3r i3n #r 3

5


51/68Page 51

s!i"3 % ins"i"!"i#n #r s n" "# 3 S8 /i3% -# $#r ' 3rs #r

% ss. )- r 3 ;!7 ni% /# i"s 3 s ri#!s #$$ n/ "- #3r

!s" r 8#r" "- 3"" r "# "- S"3" #7". -# 3 : 8 "- ;!7 ni% in 3 8%3/ #$ S3$ " $#r n#" #r "-3n ' 3rs. A

;!7 ni% /3nn#" s n" n/ "# 3"- #r %i$ i 8ris#n n".

P $ i P )e$$e$

JJ S s" N# is?!3%i$i/3"i#n 3""3/- s "# 3 ;!7 ni% -#is $#!n "# -37 /# i"" 3n #$$ n/ . T- r /#r s #$ -is

/3s 3r r #7 3$" r "- 8ir #$ 8 ri# #$ 388 3% #r 3

r 3s#n3 % 8 ri# .

S. 40 #$ "- JJ A/" 8r#7i s "-3" "- r -3 i%i"3"i#n 3n

s#/i3% r in" r3"i#n #$ "- ;!7 ni% ins !rin -is s"3 in 3

/-i% r n>s -# #r s8 /i3% -# . A$" r /3r #r 3niK3"i#nsB

r /# niK "- S"3" #7". /#n !/" 8r# r3 s $#r

"3:in /3r #$ ;!7 ni% s -# -37 % $" s8 /i3% -# s "#

n3 % "- "# % 3 -#n s" in !s"ri#!s 3n !s $!% %i7 s.

Di e e )e$ (e ee JJ $ e & * + i i J"$ i)e$ e

5


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1. FIR 3n /-3r s- " in r s8 /" #$ ;!7 ni%#$$ n rs is $i% #n% in =s ri#!s /3s s> - r3 !%" 8!nis- n" / s @ 3rs.

2. A ;!7 ni% in /#n$%i/" i"- "- %3 is n#"3rr s" B !" 388r - n B 3n #n% in

/3s #$ 3%% 3"i#ns #$ 3 s ri#!s /ri .

'. On/ 388r - n "- 8#%i/ !s"i i3" % 8%3/ s!/- ;!7 ni% !n r "- /3r

#$ 3 ) %$3r O$$i/ r -#s !" is "# 8r# !/"- ;!7 ni% $#r "- #3r . T-!s "- 8#%i/

# n#" r "3in 8r "ri3% /!s"# #7 r "- ;!7 ni% .

4. Un r n# /ir/! s"3n/ s is "- ;!7 ni% "# "3in in 3 ;3i% #r 8#%i/ %#/: !8 - "- r$#r !rin #r 3$" r "- #3r in?!ir .

5. r3n" #$ 3i% "# ;!7 ni% s in /#n$%i/" i"- "- %3is "- R!% .

6. T- JJ #3r /#n !/"s 3 /-i% $ri n % in?!ir B3n n#" 3n 3 7 rs3ri3% "ri3%. T-is is n#" "# s3

"-3" "- n3"!r #$ "- in?!ir is n#n3 7 rs3ri3% sin/ #"- 8r#s /!"i#n 3n

$ n/ s! i" "- ir /3s s. Ins" 3 "- n3"!r#$ "- 8r#/ in s 3/?!ir s 3 /-i% $ri n %/#%#!r.

5


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@. T- 8-3sis #$ /ri in3% "ri3%s is "# r /#r 3$in in #n "- !i%" #r inn#/ n/ #$ "-3//!s . In /3s #$ s"3 %is- !i%" "- 8ri# ; /" #$ s n" n/in is "# 8!nis- 3 !i%"

#$$ n r. T- 8-3sis #$ ;!7 ni% =in?!ir > is"# $in "- !i%" inn#/ n/ #$ "- ;!7 ni% and"# in7 s"i 3" "- !n r% in s#/i3% #r $3 i%i3%/3!s s #$ "- 3%% /ri . T-!s "- 3i #$

;!7 ni% s n" n/in is "# r $#r 3nr -3 i%i"3" "- rr3n" ;!7 ni% .

s in" rn3"i#n3% # %i 3"i#ns

3risin $r# In i3 in 3 si n3"#r "# "- "-r s 83r3"

/#n7 n"i#ns %in 3" - r in $#r n3 % "- i;in

R!% s "- UN C#n7 n"i#n 3n "- H373n3 R!% s.5


54/68Page 54

N#" i"-s"3n in "- 37# # ; /" #$ "- A/" 3n #"- r s!/-

n3/" n"s "# $!r"- r "- /#!n"r >s in" rn3"i#n3%

/# i" n"s 3%% #$ s!/- %3 s !s" n / ss3ri% -37 "#/#n$#r "# "- r ?!ir n"s #$ 3 73%i % is%3"i#n ;! in

"- /#n" " #$ "- r % 73n" /#ns"i"!"i#n3% 8r#7isi#ns 3n "-

;! i/i3% 7 r i/"s r n r $r# "i "# "i . A%s# "-3" "-

A/" is 3 n $i/i3% 8i / #$ % is%3"i#n 3n !s" "- r $#r

r / i7 i"s ! in" r8r "3"i#n 3s 3 % is%3"i#n %#n in "#

"- s3i /3" #r -3s n %3i # n 3 C#ns"i"!"i#n

n/- #$ "-is C#!r" in Prata( Sin h .s) State of

harkhand and Another 1* ) In #"- r #r s "- A/" !s"

in" r8r " 3n !n rs"## "# 3 73n/ "- /3!s #$ "-

% is%3"i#n 3n "# /#n$ r "- n $i"s #$ "- 8r#7isi#ns

"- r #$ "# "- /3" #r #$ 8 rs#ns $#r -# "- % is%3"i#n

-3s n 3 .

40. Dr. S 3 3" "- #!"s " -3s !r "-3" "- r is n#

3"" 8" #n -is 83r" "# /-3%% n "- /#ns"i"!"i#n3% 73%i i" #$

"- A/" 83r"i/!%3r% "- 8r#7isi#ns /#n"3in in S /"i#ns

2(:& 3n 2(%& #$ "- A/" 3n -3" - s :s is 3 r r 3 in

# n #$ "- A/". I" is n#" 7 r i$$i/!%" "# !n rs"3n "-10 (2005) 3 SCC 551

5


55/68Page 55

r 3s#n $#r "- 3r ! n" Dr. S 3 s :s "# #7 r/#

-3" - 8 r/ i7 s "# 3 3r "# 3 ir /" /-3%% n #n

3//#!n" #$ "- /isi#n #$ "-is C#!r" in Salil Bali 4su(ra5)!" i$ "- 3r ! n" 3 73n/ i$ is "# /3rri "# "- $!%% s"

" n" "- i 8%i/3"i#n is # 7i#!s. I$ "- A/" is n#" "# r 3

# n 3s !r i" i%% s"3n in73%i 3" #n r#!n s #$

!n/#ns"i"!"i#n3%i" . T- 3r ! n" "- r $#r is r 3%% "-

#"- r si #$ "- s3 /#in -i/- -3s n /3s" Dr.

Hin #r3ni -# is #r $#r"-ri -" in -is /-3%% n "# "-

73%i i" #$ "- A/" #n "- " in r#!n s 3%r 3 n#"i/

n3 % "-3" "- A/" #!% r s!%" in #7 r /%3ssi$i/3"i#n i$ 3%%

;!7 ni% s irr s8 /"i7 #$ "- % 7 % #$ n"3% 3"!ri" 3r "#

r#!8 in #n /%3ss 3n #n "- $!r"- r r#!n "-3" "-

A/" r 8%3/ s "- /ri in3% ;!s"i/ s s" in "- /#!n"r 3n

"- r $#r r# 3" s 3 3si/ $ 3"!r #$ "- C#ns"i"!"i#n. I$

"- 3r ! n"s 3r "# !n rs"## 3n 3 in $r# "-

3$#r s3i 8 rs8 /"i7 "- /#n/%!si#n is # 7i#!s G -3" "-

C#!r" is r ?!ir "# /#nsi r 383r" $r# "- in/i n"3% 3n

si iss! s -i/- #!% n#" #$ !/- si ni$i/3n/ is

- "- r "- A/" #!% s!r7i7 "- " s" #$ /#ns"i"!"i#n3%i" i$

"- s3 is n#" "# r 3 3n !n rs"## in "- 3nn r5


56/68Page 56

!r . O$ /#!rs i$ "- /#ns"i"!"i#n3%i" #$ "- A/" is "#

/# s!s8 /" "- $!r"- r ?! s"i#n 3s -37 3%r 3

in i/3" is -3" s-#!% "- /#!rs #$ 3/"i#n "-3" #!% #8 n "# "-is C##r in3" n/- in 7i #$ "- /isi#n in

Salil Bali (s!8r3&.

41. Dr. S 3 #!% !r "-3" "- r % 73n" 8r#7isi#ns #$

"- A/" i. . S /"i#ns 1(4& 2(:& 2(%& 3n @ !s" r 3 "#

3n "-3" ;!7 ni% s (/-i% r n %# "- 3 #$ 1


57/68Page 57

#$ 3%% ;!7 ni% s r 3r % ss #$ "- ir n"3% 3n in" %% /"!3%

3"!ri" /# i""in 3n #$$ n/ r 3r % ss #$ i"s

s ri#!sn ss in #n -# # n#!s %#/: in s8i" #$ "- irs"ri:in issi i%3ri"i s. T-is Dr. S 3 /#n" n s is 3

/%3ssi$i/3"i#n #n -3" #!% 8 r issi % !n r

Ar"i/% 14 in 3s !/- 3s "- r s!%" #$ s!/- /%3ssi$i/3"i#n # s

n#" $!r"- r "- "3r " # ; /" i. . "# /#n$ r "- n $i"s #$

"- A/" "# 8 rs#ns %# 1< -# 3r n#" /ri in3%%

r s8#nsi % in 7i #$ "- %# % 7 % #$ n"3% 3"!ri"

r 3/- #r 3/-i 7 . T-is in s! s"3n/ is 3%s# "-

3r ! n" #$ Dr. Hin #r3ni -# in 3 i"i#n -3s /#n" n

"-3" "- A/" r 8%3/ s "- /ri in3% ;!s"i/ s s" #$ "-

/#!n"r 3 s/- -i/- is n#" 7 n 3 8##r s! s"i"!" .

T- s! s"i"!" s/- # s n#" 7 n r #" % $i" i"-

/#ns"i"!"i#n3% "38 s"r #7 n / r"3in 3si/ $ 3"!r s

n3 % "- is" n/ #$ 3 /ri in3% ;!s"i/ s s" .

42. R 3 in # n "- 8r#7isi#ns #$ 3 s"3"!" /3nn#"

r s#r" "# - n "- 3nin "- r #$ is 8%3in 3n

!n3 i !#!s 3n "- % is%3"i7 in" n" is /% 3r. T-

$!n 3 n"3% 8rin/i8% #$ "- r 3 in # nB #/"rin /3n

5


58/68Page 58

s! 3riK 3s $#%%# s. C#!r"s !s" r 3 "- % is%3"i#n

%i" r3%% in "- $irs" ins"3n/ . I$ #n s!/- r 3 in 3n

!n rs"3n in "- 7i/ #$ !n/#ns"i"!"i#n3%i" is 3""r3/""- /#!r"s !s" 8%#r - "- r "- r -3s n 3n

!nin" n % is%3"i7 # issi#n. I$ s!/- 3n in" n n" /3n

r 3s#n3 % i 8%i i"-#!" !n r"3:in -3"

!n is"3:3 % #!% 3 % is%3"i7 r/is "- A/" 3

r 3 # n "# s37 i" $r# !n/#ns"i"!"i#n3%i" . T- 3 #7

is 3 $3ir% %% s"3 %is- 3n %% 3// 8" 8rin/i8% #$

in" r8r "3"i#n -i/- -37in n r i" r3" "-is C#!r"

"i 3n 3 3in #!% # 7i3" "- n / ssi" #$ 3n r /3%% #$

"- -! n! r #$ 8r / n"s 373i%3 % / 8" 8 r-38s

"- 7i #$ S3 3n" J. ( 3;#ri" 7i & in Delhi 6rans(ort

7or(oration 7s. D)6)7) Mazdoor 7on ress and #thers 11

-i/- s!//in/"% s! s !8 "- 8#si"i#n is "- r $#r

"r3/" %# .

2$$) It is thus c!ear that the doctrine ofreading down or of recasting the statute can #eapp!ied in !i ited situations. It is essentia!!yused% first!y% for saving a statute fro #eingstruck down on account of itsunconstitutiona!ity. It is an e4tension of the

princip!e that when two interpretations are11 1991 S- + (1) SCC 600

5


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possi#!e G one rendering it constitutiona! andthe other aking it unconstitutiona!% the for ershou!d #e preferred. "he unconstitutiona!ity

ay spring fro either the inco petence of the

!egis!ature to enact the statute or fro itsvio!ation of any of the provisions of theonstitution. "he second situation which

su ons its aid is where the provisions of thestatute are vague and a #iguous and it is

possi#!e to gather the intentions of the!egis!ature fro the o#&ect of the statute% theconte4t in which the provision occurs and the

purpose for which it is ade. However% whenthe provision is cast in a definite anduna #iguous !anguage and its intention isc!ear% it is not per issi#!e either to end or#end it even if such recasting is in accord withgood reason and conscience. In suchcircu stances% it is not possi#!e for the court tore ake the statute. Its on!y duty is to strike itdown and !eave it to the !egis!ature if it sodesires% to a end it. hat is further% if there aking of the statute #y the courts is to !ead

to its distortion that course is to #e scrupu!ous!yavoided. ne of the situations further where thedoctrine can never #e ca!!ed into p!ay is wherethe statute re+uires e4tensive additions andde!etions. ot on!y it is no part of the courtJsduty to undertake such e4ercise% #ut it is#eyond its &urisdiction to do so.

43. In "- 8r s n" /3s "- r is n# i$$i/!%" in

!n rs"3n in "- /% 3r 3n !n3 i !#!s 3nin #$ "-

i$$ r n" 8r#7isi#ns #$ "- A/". T- r is n# 3 i !i"

!/-% ss 3n !n/ r"3in" in "- %3n !3 !s "# /#n7

-3" "- % is%3"!r -3 in" n . A%% 8 rs#ns %# "- 3

5


60/68Page 60

#$ 1< 3r 8!" in #n /%3ss r#!8 "- A/" "# 8r#7i 3

s 83r3" s/- #$ in7 s"i 3"i#n "ri3% 3n 8!nis- n" $#r

#$$ n/ s /# i"" "- . A /%3ss #$ 8 rs#ns is s#! -" "# /r 3" -# 3r "r 3" i$$ r n"% . T-is is in #n "#

$!r"- r $$ /"!3" "- 7i s #$ "- in" rn3"i#n3% /# !ni"

-i/- In i3 -3s s-3r in 3 si n3"#r "# "- s 7 r3%

/#n7 n"i#ns 3n "r 3"i s 3%r 3 r $ rr "#.

44. C%3ssi$i/3"i#n #r /3" #riK3"i#n n n#" "-

#!"/# #$ 3 3"- 3"i/3% #r 3ri"- "i/3% 8r /isi#n in "-

si i%3ri"i s #$ "- 8 rs#ns in/%! in 3 /%3ss 3n "- r 3

i$$ r n/ s 3 #n s" "- rs in/%! i"-in 3

83r"i/!%3r /%3ss. S# %#n 3s "- r#3 $ 3"!r s #$ "-

/3" #riK3"i#n 3r i n"i$i3 % 3n is"in !is-3 % 3n "-

/3" #riK3"i#n 3 is r 3s#n3 % /#nn /" i"- "- # ; /"

"3r " Ar"i/% 14 i%% n#" $#r i s!/- 3 /#!rs #$ 3/"i#n. I$

"- in/%!si#n #$ 3%% !n r 1< in"# 3 /%3ss /3%% =;!7 ni% s> is

!n rs"## in "- 3 #7 3nn r i$$ r n/ s in" r s 3n

i"-in "- !n r 1< /3" #r 3 is". Ar"i/% 14 i%%

-# 7 r "#% r3" "- s3i 8#si"i#n. Pr /isi#n 3n

3ri"- "i/3% 3//!r3/ i%% n#" is" in 3n /3" #riK3"i#n.

6


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!" s!/- 8r /isi#n 3n 3//!r3/ is n#" -3" Ar"i/% 14

/#n" 8%3" s. T- 3 #7 8rin/i8% s -37 n %3i # n

"-is C#!r" in 3 8% "-#r3 #$ ;! n"s 3n 3n i%%!s"r3"i7r $ r n/ "# s# 3 3 r /3%%in "- /isi#ns in

Murth8 Mat&h 9orks and #thers 7s. 6he Asstt)

7olle&tor of 7entral E:&ise and Another 12 ' Roo( 7hand

Adlakha and #thers 7s. Delhi De.elo(ment Authorit8

and #thers 13 ' "artar Sin h 7s. State of Punjab 1, '

Basheer alias %)P) Basheer 7s. State of "erala 1$ ' B)

Manmad Redd8 and #thers 7s. 7handra Prakash

Redd8 and #thers 1+ ' 6rans(ort and Do&k 9orkers

nion and #thers 7s. Mumbai Port 6rust and Another 1;

.

45. I$ "- 8r#7isi#ns #$ "- A/" /% 3r% in i/3" "-

% is%3"i7 in" n" in "- %i -" #$ "- /#!n"r >s in" rn3"i#n3%

/# i" n"s 3n "- s3 is in /#n$#r i" i"- "-

/#ns"i"!"i#n3% r ?!ir n"s i" is n#" n / ss3r $#r "- C#!r"

"# !n rs"3n "- % is%3"i#n in 3n #"- r 3nn r. In $3/" i$

12 (1974) 4 SCC 42813 1989 S- (1) SCC 11614 (1994) 3 SCC 56915 (2004) 3 SCC 60916 (2010) 3 SCC 31417 (2011) 2 SCC 575

6


62/68Page 62

"- A/" is 8%3in% r 3 3n !n rs"## -i/- !s" #

"- r s!%"3n" $$ /" "- r #$ is -#%% /#nsis" n" i"- Ar"i/%

14. T- A/" "- r $#r n n#" r 3 # n 3ss! s" "# s37 i" $r# "- 7i/ #$ !n/#ns"i"!"i#n3%i" $#r

s!/- !n/#ns"i"!"i#n3%i" # s n#" is".

46. T-3" in / r"3in $#r i n ;!ris i/"i#ns "3i%s #$ -i/-

-37 n n"i#n 3r%i r "# rin 3 #!" /%3ri" 3n

/# 8% " n ss "# "- iss! s 3risin "- 8#si"i#n is #"- r is

#!% -3r % #$ 3n /#ns ?! n/ s# $3r 3s #!r /#!n"r is

/#n/ rn . C#n"r3r in" rn3"i#n3% #8ini#n "-in:in #r

8r3/"i/ 7 n i$ 3ss! # s n#" i/"3" "- % is%3"i#n #$

3 s#7 r i n n3"i#n. I$ "- % is%3"!r -3s 3 #8" "- 3 #$

1< 3s "- i7i in %in " n ;!7 ni% s 3n 3 !%"s 3n

s!/- 3 /isi#n is /#ns"i"!"i#n3%% 8 r issi % "- n?!ir

"- C#!r"s !s" /# "# 3n n . E7 n #"- r is "- r is 3

/#nsi r3 % # #$ #r% #8ini#n "-3" 3%% !n r 1< 8 rs#ns

#! -" "# "r 3" 3s ;!7 ni% s 3n s 83r3" "r 3" n"

#! -" "# " #!" "# "- s# $3r 3s #$$ n/ s /# i""

s!/- 8 rs#ns 3r /#n/ rn . T- 37# # ; /" is "#

ns!r "- ir r -3 i%i"3"i#n in s#/i " 3n "# n3 % "- #!n

6


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#$$ n rs "# /# !s $!% rs #$ "- s#/i " in %3" r

3rs. In i3 -3s 3// 8" "- 3 #7 8#si"i#n 3n % is%3"i7

is # -3s % "# "- n3/" n" #$ "- JJ A/" in i"s 8r s n"$#r . I$ "- A/" -3s "r 3" 3%% !n r 1< 3s 3 s 83r3"

/3" #r $#r "- 8!r8#s s #$ i$$ r n"i3% "r 3" n" s# $3r 3s

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Mar&h 9orks (s!8r3& 3s "- 8r s n" iss! s s "#

3 ?!3" % "3: n /3r #$ "- s3

13 . -ight at the thresho!d we ust warnourse!ves of the !i itations of &udicia! power in this &urisdiction. Fr *ustice Stone of the Supre e ourtof the Dnited States has de!ineated these!i itations in Dnited States v. =ut!er (1restraint 6or the

re ova! of unwise !aws fro the statute#ooks appea! !ies not to the ourts #ut tothe #a!!ot and to the processes ofde ocratic ;overn ent.

1, . In short% unconstitutiona!ity and not unwisdoof a !egis!ation is the narrow area of &udicia!review. In the present case unconstitutiona!ity isa!!eged as springing fro !ugging together twodissi i!ar categories of atch anufacturers intoone co part ent for !ike treat ent.

1$ . ertain princip!es which #ear uponc!assification ay #e entioned here. It is truethat a State ay c!assify persons and o#&ects forthe purpose of !egis!ation and pass !aws for the

purpose of o#taining revenue or other o#&ects.

6


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... +JI.CP. AT

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Dr. Subramanian Swamy & Ors. v. Raju Through Member Juvenile Justice Board

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