101THE NEW MEDICAL REFORM BILL.

ditionally." It matters not what influence has acted upon the

mind of the admiral to do this tardy act of justice; it is a stepin the right direction, and it cannot be retraced. ’Ye con-

gratulate the assistant-surgeons of the navy on the triumphthey have gained.

THE NEW MEDICAL REFORM BILL,

To the Editor of THE LANCET.Sm,-As secretary to a Committee of Members of the Pro-

vincial Medical and Surgical Association, formed for the pur-pose of bringing forward a measure of Medical Reform, inaccordance with the principles so long advocated by that body,I have prepared a Draft Bill, which I now submit, throughyour columns, to the consideration of the medical profession.Your readers will perceive that the purport of the Bill is to

establish a Medical Council for each of the three kingdoms,who will be the governing bodies of the profession, and willhold a triennial congress, for the purpose of preserving anunity in their educational system. In England, this Councilis to be nominated-in addition to the ex qfficio members sup-plied by the Universities-by the Royal Colleges of Physiciansand Surgeons, and the Society of Apothecaries. The constitu-tion of the Council for Scotland and Ireland is purposely leftundecided, in order that the opinion of the medical professionin those countries may be obtained as to the course which willbe most in accordance with their wishes. But it is hoped thatunder any circumstances the measure may be one which willestablish a common system for the whole of the United King-dom. These Councils are each to appoint an Examining Boardbefore whom every person who in future enters the medical

profession will have to appear, and on obtaining the testamurof the Board, the candidate will have a licence granted to himby the Medical Council, and will assume the title of a Licen-tiate in Medicine, Surgery, and Midwifery. Any one whochooses to do so may stop here, and may practise, on the titleconferred by his licence; but if he wishes to be a Physician orSurgeon, he must go to the Colleges of Physicians or Surgeons,and obtain from them their diploma: the Bill only contem-plates establishing one common primary test for all who enterthe profession, whatever grade they may afterwards wish toassume in it.Each of the Medical Councils is also to appoint a Registrar,

who will register at a very trifling fee the names of all medicalmen now in practice. Those who in future wish to follow the

profession will be registered on the granting of their licence;and both classes will have to take out an annual certificate,and pay for it a fee of .61, of which one-half will go to theformation of a Provident Fund. Considering the advantageswhich the working of the Bill would, as it is supposed, conferupon the profession, I do not think that this annual paymentcan be considered an exorbitant one. The projected measurealso provides for the establishment of a proper curriculum ofstudy, for the enforcing of penalties against unregistered prac-titioners, and for the erasure of the names of certain pirtiesfrom the register. It is perhaps needful to observe, that theway in which the Bill is drawn, implies that new Charterswould be granted to the Colleges of Physicians and Surgeonswithin a brief period; it would interfere very little, if at all,with the present privileges of those corporate bodies, sincetheir diplomas would still alone confer the titles of Physicianand Surgeon. Nor, on the other hand, ought the Bill to beobjected to by that class-I believe a small one-of medicalpractitioners who desire a third incorporation; for this measuredoes not in any way debar them from the prosecution of theirscheme, and should it pass into law, it will still be open forthem to obtain, if they can, the object of their wishes.In conclusion, I will say that the Draft Bill now laid

before the profession has been the subject of much labour, and

of long and careful consideration. It is impossible that anymeasure can ever be framed to meet the exact wishes of all

parties; but it is hoped that the present one is in accordancewith the sentiments of the great majority of medical prac-titioners, and that it is free from some of the objections thathave been urged against its predecessors. United supportfrom the whole of the profession will carry it through Parlia-ment, and nothing else will. It therefore remains for themedical men of the United Kingdom to decide whether theywill embrace the present opportunity of placing their profes-sion on a satisfactory footing; always remembering that theminor details of the Bill are open for alteration, and that theircriticism is invited upon them. Of the soundness of the

general plan, I think no question can be entertained, and itwould be easy to build on it, if necessary, the structure ofsubsequent legislation.

I am. Sir. vonrs ke..I am. Sir. vours &c..

Paper-buildings, Temple.GEORGE W. HASTINGS.

Barrister-at-Law.

DRAUGHT BILL,TO SECURE UNIFORMITY OF MEDICAL EDUCATIONAND QUALIFICATION, AND THE REGISTRATIONOF LICENSED PRACTITIONERS IN MEDICINE.

PREAMBLE.-Whereas it is for the good of all Her Majesty’ssubjects that the knowledge of physic and surgery should bepromoted, and that means should be afforded whereby thosewho have been examined and found skilful by competentauthority may be known from ignorant and unskilful pretendersto the same knowledge : And, whereas the laws now in forceconcerning the profession of physic and surgery require to beamended: Be it enacted, by the Queen’s most excellent

Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lordsspiritual and temporal, and Commons, in this present Parlia-ment assembled, and by authority of the same:I. Repeal of Statutes.-[3 Hen. 8, c. 11.]-That an Act passed

in the third year of the reign of King Henry the Eighth, intituled," An Act for the Appointing Physicians and

5 Hen. 8, c. 6.] Surgeons;" and also another Act passed in thefifth year of the same reign, "intituled " An

Act concerning Surgeons to be discharged of Quests and otherThings ;" and also another Act passed in the

14 & 15 Hen. 8, Session of Parliament holden in the fourteenthc. 5.] ] and fifteenth years of the same reign, intituled

11 The Privileges and Authority of Physicians32 Hen. 8, c. 40] iu London ;" and also two Acts passed in the! thirty-second year of the same reign, respect-32 Hm.8, c. 42.] ively intituled, "for Physicians and their Pri-

vilege," and "for Barbers and Surgeons ;" andalso another Act passed in the Session of Parliament holden in

the thirty-third and thirty-fourth years of33 & 34 Hen. 8, the same reign, intituled, " A Bill that

c.8.] Persons, being no common Surgeons, mayminister Medicines, notwithstanding the Sta-

1 Jfary, Sess. 2, tute;" and another Act passed in the first yearc. 4.] of the reign of Queen Mary, intituled, " An

Act touching the Corporation of Physicians inLondon ; and also an Act passed in the Session of Parliament

holden in the sixth and seventh years of the6 & 7 JYm. 3, reign of King William the Third, intituled,

e. 4.] "An Act for exempting Apothecaries fromserving the offices of Constable, Scavenger, and

other Parish and Ward Offices, and from serving on Juries ;"and so much of every other Act as continues the last recited Act;

and also an Act passed in the tenth year of the10 Geo. 1,c.20. reign of King George the First, intituled, " An

Act for the better viewing, searching, and exa-mining of all Drugs, Medicines, Waters, Oils, Ccmpositions, usedor to be used for Medicines, in all places where the same shall beexposed for Sale, or kept for that purpose, within the City ofLondon, or Suburbs thereof, or within seven miles circuit of the

said City ;" and so much of another Act passed18 Geo. 2,c. 15.] in the eighteenth year of the reign of King

Gecrge the Second, intituled, "An Act formaking the Surgeons of London and the Barbers of London twoseparate and distinct Corporations," as does not relate to the

102

separation of the said corporations, or to the master, governors, they shall have been appointed as hereinbefore provided, meet atand commonalty of the mystery of barbers of London ; and also the following places : that is to say, the Council for England at

so much of an Act passed in the fifty-fifth year the building of the Royal College of Physicians in London, the55 Geo.3,c. ]94.J of the reign of King George the Third, inti- Council for Scotland at the building of the Royal College of

tuled, " An Act for better regulating the Prac- Physicians at Edinburgh, and the Council for Ireland at thetice of Apothecaries throughout England and Wales," as relates building of the King’s and Queen’s College of Physicians into the examination of apothecaries, or to the qualifications Ireland, and shall each of them elect one of their members to beof persons intending to be examined, or to qualify them- their president, and another of their members to be their vice-selves under that Act to practise as an apothecary, or to president ; and in all cases every question brought before any ofthe fees to be paid by apothecaries for the certificate of the said Councils, shall be decided by a majority of votes, (thethe Court of Examiners, or to the penalties for practising president, or, in his absence, the vice-president, having a vote,)as an apothecary without having obtained such a certifi- and in the event of an equality of votes, the president, or in his

cate; and also so much of an Act passed in absence, the vice-president, shall have an additional or casting-6 Geo. 4, c. 50, the sixth year of the reign of King George vote. °

s. 2.] the Fourth as enacts, that all members and XI. Each of the Councils to appoint an Examining Board.-. T

licentiates of the Royal College of Physicians That each of the said Medical Councils shall, within a monthin London actually practising; all surgeons being members of after their first meeting, appoint such fit and proper persons asthe Royal Colleges of Surgeons in London, Edinburgh, or Dublin the said Councils may severally choose, to form an Examiningand actually practising; all apothecaries certified by the Court of Board for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions ofExaminers of the Apothecaries’ Company, and actually practising, this Act; and every member of such Examining Board shall beshall be freed and exempt from being returned, and from serving paid such yearly salary as the Council by whom he shall haveupon any juries or inquests whatsoever, and shall not be inserted been appointed shall think fit, and shall hold office for suchin the lists to be prepared by virtue of that Act ; and also so period as the said Council shall determine.much of any Act or Charter granted before the pasi-ing of thisAct as prohibits any person from practising physic or surgery in XII. Provisions as to the appointment of a Treasurer,any place without such licence as is mentioned in such Act or RegistJ.ar, and Secreta1’Y, attd of Clerks and Servants, and forCharter respectively, or as imposes any restrictions on the practice the making of a Seal by each of the said Councils.-That eachof physic or surgery other than is contained in this Act, shall be of the said Councils shall, within a month after their first

repealed and annulled. meeting, appoint a fit and proper person to be their treasurer, andIf. I t r t t’ Clause.-[To be inserted when the Bill is

also another fit and proper person to be their registrar and

completed.] a wn ause 0 inserted when the Bill is secretary ; and there shall be paid to each of such treasurers

mp .". ,-.,,., .,,rr. and registrars such yearly salary as the Council by whomHI. Appointment of the Medical Council for England.—That he shall be appointed shall think fit ; and each of the saida Council shall be established, which shall be styled ° The treasurers and registrars shall be removable at the pleasure of theMedical Council for England;" and that the Regius Professor Council by whom he shall have been appointed ; and each of theof Medicine in the University of Oxford, the Regius Professor of said Councils shall also, from time to time, appoint such clerksPhysic in the University of Cambridge, and such one of the and servants as they may deem necessary for the purposes of thisMedical Professors in the University of London as shall be Act; and every person so appointed shall be removable at thefrom time to time designated by the Senate of the last-named pleasure of the Council by whom he shall have been appointed,University, shall be Members of the said Council in right of their and shall be paid such salary as the Council by whom he shallseveral Professorships ; and that the other members of the said have been appointed shall think fit; and each of the said CouncilsCouncil shall be six persons, to be cho:en by the Royal College shall cause to be made a seal for their use in the execution ofof Physicians of England, (not more than three of such six this Act, and shall cause to be sealed or stamped therewith allpersons being fellows of the said College,) six persons to be chosen licences granted or issued by them in pursuance of this Act,by the Royal College of Surgeons of England, (not more than and all such licences and other documents purporting to bethree of such six persons being fellows of the College,) and six sealed or tamped with any such seal shall be received aspersons to be chosen by the Society of the Art and Mystery of primâ facie ev:dence in all courts and places whatsoever.Apothecaries of the City of London, (not more than three of suchsix persons being members of the governing body of the Society;) XIII. As to Registration 0/ Medical Practitioners in Practiceeach of the said appointments to be made within one month after brfore the lJassing of this Act.-TLat the registrar of each ofthe passing of this Act ; and the powers and duties vested in the the said boards shall, within thirty days after his appointment,said Council by this Act, may be exercised and executed by any and sha’l from time to time, till the first day of February,six members thereof. one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, proceed to register,

IV. Tezzure of Office by Members h by the Colleges.-That tin books to be kept for that purpose, on pa3 ment of a fee ofIV. a

g shillings, the name and place of abode, together with aevery member of the said Council appointed by the said College five shillings, the name and place of physician, surgeon, a dPhyicians, the said College of Sargeons, and the said Society description of the testimonials of every physician, surgeon, and

the Art and Mystery College of Surgeons, and entitled Society a apothecary who shall apply to be registered, and who, prior tocaries, shall be entitled to be apothecary who November, one thousand eight hundred andof the Art and Mystery of Apoth, caries, sball be entitled to be a the first day of November, one thousand eight hundred andmember of the said Council for three years, and shall then go out the first 5 h a II of November, one thousand eight hundred andof office, but may forthwith be re-chosen ; and that upon every fifty-two, shall have e taken a degree in medicine 1 any English,vacancy among the members of the said Council, appointed j t. the Insh, or Scotch University, or who shall state his place of abodevacancy among the members of the said Council, appointed by thesaidCol lege of Physicians,the said College of Surgeons,and the said and apply to be registered, and shall produce his diploma, cer-said College of Physicians,the said College of Surgeons,and the said licence, i n i duly attested certificate, orSociety of Art and Mystery of Apothecaries and their successors, tificate, or licence, or shall produce a auly attested certificate, orSociety of Art and Mystery of Apothecaries, and their successors, such other proof as shall be satisfactory to the said registrars,the said College of Physicians, or the said College of Surgeons of his o her proof as shall be satisfactory to the said registrars,or the said Society of the Art and Mystery of Apothecaries, as of his laving obtained a diploma, certificate, or licence to prac-the case may be, shall app

oit another person to supply such tise as a physician, surgeon, or apothecary, da’ed prior to the

the case may be, shall appoint another person to supply such said first day of November, one thousand eight hundred ardvacancy, fifty-: ""-0, and ganted by any English, Irish, or Scotch CollegeV. Appointment cf the Medical Council for Scotland.—[To or Hall, or any corporation sole or aggregate in England,be inserted hereafter.] Ireland, or Scotland, legally entitled to grant the same at the

VI. Tenure cf Office by Members of the Medical Council of time of the passing of this Act, and also to every person whoScotland.-[To be inserted hereafter.] shall apply for the same, and who was actually practising medi-

VII. Appointment of the Medical Council for Ireland.— cine in England and Wales prior to the first day of August,[To be inserted hereafter

one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, aid who shall sign a’-

.. declaration according to the form in schedule (A) to this Act

VIII. Tenure of Office by Members of the Medical Council annexed, and also to every surgeon and assistant-surgeon of thefor Ireland.-[To be inserted hereafter.] Army and Navy who shall apply for the same, and whose warrant

IX. Expenses of the Members to be paid.-That there shall of appointment bears date prior to the said first day of August,be paid to the members of the said several Councils, such reason- one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, and to every personable expenses incurred by the said members in performance of’ who shall have been registered as aforesaid the said registrarstheir duties under this Act, not exceeding three guineas for each shall give a certificate accoiding to the form in schedule (C) toattendance, as shall from time to time be allowed by the said this Act annexed, and which certificate shall be in force till the

several Councils. first day of February, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-X. Each of the said Councils to Elect a President and Vice- three, and no longer.

President.—That the said Councils shall, as soon as may be after XIV. Every Person not Registered as aforsaid to present

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himself before the Council of his Country for Examination.Licences to be granted to those duly qualifed on payment of aFee of £10.—That each of the said Councils shall meet at leastonce in every four weeks, for the dispatch of business; and everyperson not being registered under the provisions of the next pre-ceding section of this Act, who intends to practise medicine afterthe first day of February, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, shall present himself before the Medical Council for thecountry in which he intends to practise, and if such Council shallconsider the person so presenting himself to be properly qualifiedas hereinafter is mentioned, they shall direct their Registrar togrant to such person a licence according to the form in schedule(B), to this Act annexed, on payment of a fee of ten pounds;and shall also register, in books to be kept for that purpose, thename and place of abode of such person, and shall also give tosuch person a certificate according to the form in schedule (C),to this Act annexed; and which certificate shall be in force untilthe first day of February then next ensuing, and no longer; andevery person to whom such licence shall have been granted asaforesaid, shall be entitled to assume the name and title of a

Licentiate in medicine, surgery, and midwifery.XV. Candidates for Licences to produce Testimonials to the

Medical Council.—That every person who may present himselfbefore any of the said Medical Councils for the purpose ofobtaining a licence to practise medicine, shall produce proofs tothe -said Council that he has attained the age of twenty-oneyears, and sha’l also produce such testimonials as shall be satis-factory to the said Coancil, that he has applied himself to thestudy of medical and surgical science during a period of fouryears, and that during the aforesaid period he has passed at leastthree years jn some University or Medical School, approved ofby the said Council; and that he has attended such courses ofdissection, such clinical and other lectures, and such hospitalpractice, and has passed such several examinations before theExamining Board appointed by the said Council, as the saidCouncil shall from time to time appoint.XVI. Triennial Medical Congress to be held -That once in

every three years each of the said Medical Councils shall deputethree of their members to form a Medical Congress, for the pur-pose of fixing an uniform curriculum of study, in accordancewith the next preceding section of this Act, to be gone throughby all candidates for licences to be granted by the said Councilsrespectively.XVII. Registrars to Issue Annual Certificates to Registered

Practitioners, on payment of a fee of 20s.-That the registrarsof each of the said Councils shall from time to time issue a cer-tificate, according to the form in schedule (C), to this Act an-nexed, to every person who shall be registered as aforesaid, andwho shall apply for such certificate ; and the said Registrars shallissue such certificates for the countries only for which they shall

’ be severally appointed to act : and every person shall, upon hisapplication for such certificate, pay to the Registrar a fee of

twenty shillings ; and such certificate shall bear date on the firstday of February then next ensuing, and shall continue in forceduring one year, and no longer.

XVIII. All Monies received by the Registrars to be appliedfor the purposes qf the Act.-That all monies received by theRegistrars of the said several Councils shall be paid over to theTreasurers of the sa’d several Councils ; and shall be applied todefray the expenses of carrying this Act into execution, in suchmanner as the said Council shall direct; provided always thatone-half of the monies received on account of the certificateshereinbefore mentioned shall be applied to the formation of aMedical Provident Fund for England, Scotland, and Ireland

respectively, under the direction of the said several Councils ;and every person who shall have been registered under this Act,and shall have obtained a certificate during ten years, or, in CJseof his death, his widow or children, shall be entitled to claimrelief from the Council of that part of the United Kingdom inwhich he shall have been registered, out of the monies of theirMedical Provident Fund.

XIX. Application of .S’urplus lncome.-That if, after payingthe expenses of carrying this Act into execution, any surplusincome, other than the monies hereinbefore directed to be appliedto the formation of a Medical Provident Fund, shall remain inthe hands of the Treasurer of any of the said Medical Councils,such surplus shall be applied for the founding or establishing ofmedical scholarships or prizes, or in promoting the advance ofmedical science and literature, in such manner as such MedicalCouncil shall determine.XX. Each Registrar to keep a record cf Certificates.—That

the registrar of each of the said Councils shall duly record an

account of every certificate which he shall issue as aforesaid; andin the month of February in every year shall cause to be printed acorrect register, according to the form in schedule (D,) to thisAct annexed of the names and places of residence, arrangedalphabetically, of all persons to whom he shall have so issued cer-tificates during the year then last past, according to the provisionsof this Act, together with a description of the legal qualificationor qualifications, with the date or dates thereof, of all personsregistered under the thirteenth section of this Act, and specifyingthe date of the licence granted by the Council, and the degreesand diplomas with the date or dates thereof possessed by allpersons registered under the fourteen!h section of this Act; andsuch rellisters shall be respectively called, " The Medical Registerfor England," " The Medical Register for Scotland," and "TheMedical Register for Ireland ;" and a printed copy of the registerfor the time being, so published as aforesaid, shall be evidence inall courts, and before all Justices of the Peace and others, thatth° persons therein specified have obtained certificates accordingto the provisions of this Act; and the absence of the name of anyperson from such printed copy shall be evidence, until the

contrary be ma-1e to appear, that such person has not obtained aa certificate according to this Act.XXI. Registered Persons Entitled to Practise where Certi-

ficates are Issued ; and to Transfer tlaeir Narnes to the Register ofother parts of the United Kingdom.-That every person whoshall be registered, and shall possess a certificate in force, accord-ing to the provisions of this Act, shall be entitled to practisemedicine throughout that part of the United Kingdom for whichhis certificate was issued; and every person who shall be regis-tered in one part of the United Kingdom may transfer his nameto the register of any other part of the United Kingdom in whichhe may be about to practise, on production to the registrar of thelast-named part of the United Kingdom of his licence and certi-ficate for the current year; and the registrar shall thereupongrant to such person so transferring his name a certificate whichshall remain in force till the first day of February then nextensuing.XXII. No person to assume the Name of Physician or Sur-,

geon who is not duly qualified.-That no person shall be entitledto assume the name or style of a Physician who is not, in Eng-land, a member of the Royal College of Physicians of England,or in Scotland, a member of the Royal College of Physicians ofEdinburgh, or in Ireland, a member of the King’s and Queen’sCollege of Physicians in Ireland ; and no person shall be entitledto assume the name or style of a Surgeon, who is not, in England,a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, or inScotland, a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edin-burgh, or in Ireland, a member of the Royal College of Surgeonsin Dublin; and if any person shall, after the passing of this Act,assume the name or style of a Physician or Surgeon, withoutbeing entitled to do so as aforesaid, he shall, on conviction beforeany Magistrate having jurisdiction in the county, city, or placewhere the offence was conmitted, forfeit and pay a sum not ex-ceeding five pounds, nor less than forty shillings, for every suchoffence, to be recoverable within three months next after thecommission of the said offence.

XXIII. Registered Persons Entitled to Charge for Advice andVisits.—That all persons who shall be registered and possesscertificates according to the provisions of this Act, shall be enti-tled to demand and recover in any Court of Law, with full costsof snit, reasonable charges for medical or surgical advice, visits,and medicines, rendered or supplied by them to their patients,without any other licence than such registry or certificates.XXIV. None but Registered Persons to Recover Charges.—

That after the first day of February, one thousand eight hundredand fifty-three, no person shall be entitled to recover any chargein any Court of Law for any medical or surgical advice, attend-ance, or for the performance of any operation, or for any medi-cine prescribed, administered, or supplied by him unless he shallprove upon the trial either that he is in possession of a certificatein force, according to the provisions of this Act, or that he waslegally practising in that capacity in which he claims such chargeat the time when the debt was incurred.

XXV. Persons not Possessing Certificates Incapable of Aetingns Medical Officers in Public and other Situations.—That, afterthe fi.st day of February, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, no person who does not possess a certificate in force, accord-ing to the provisions of this Act, shall be capable of holding anyappointment in any part of the United Kingdom, in the capacityof a physician, surgeon, apothecary, or other medical officer, in anyhospital, infirmary, dispensary, lunatic, or other asylum, lying-inhospital, gaol, penitentiary, house of correction, house of in-

104

dustry, parochial or union workhouse, or poor-house, parish,union, or other public establishment, body, or institution, or toany friendly or other Society for affording mutual relief in sick-ness, infirmity, or old age.XXVI. Sunamary Penalty against Uaza-egistered Practi-

tioners.-That, if any person shall, after the first day of Fe-bruary one thousand eight hundred and fifty three, act or practiseas a physician, surgeon, apothecary, or licentiate in medicine,surgery and midwifery, in any part of the United Kingdom,without being duly registered according to the provisions of thisAct, and without having a certificate as aforesaid, in force at thetime of his so practising or acting as a physician, surgeon, apothe-cary, or licentiate in medicine, surgery, and midwifery, he shallon conviction before any magistrate having jurisdiction in thecounty, city, or place where the offence was committed, for-feit and pay a sum not exceeding five pounds, nor less thanforty shillings, for every such offence, to be recoverable withinthree months next after the comission of the said offence.

XXVII. Expulsion of Registered Practitioners for Disgrace-ful Conduct, or Irregular Practice.-That, if three registeredpractitioners shall at any time complain to the Medical Councilof any part of the United Kingdom, or to the Council of anyCollege or other governing body, that a person who had obtainedhis licence, diploma, or qualification from such Medical Council,College, or body, had been conducting himself in a manner cal-culated to bring scandal and odium on the profession, by pub-lishing indecent advertisements or pamphlets, or immoral orobscene prints or books, or had been guilty of any other dis-graceful and unprofessional behaviour, or of any irregular prac-tice, the said Medical Council, Council, or other governing bodyaforesaid, are hereby empowered to cite the person accused be-fore them, first giving him due notice, and a full statement ofthe charges against him; whereupon the said Medical Council,Council, or other body, having heard the defendant, and on beingsatisfied that the charges have been proved, or in default of hisappearauce, having decided that the charges have been proved,they are hereby required to erase the name of such person fromthe books or rolls of the said Medical Council, College, or otherinstitution, as the case may be, and shall transmit forthwith to theregistrar of that part of the kingdom to which such MedicalCouncil, College, or other institution bdongs, an official report oftheir decision, authenticated by the seal of such Medical Councilor College; and the said registrar shall thereupon strike out thename of the offending party from the register in his custody, andit shall ever afterwards be excluded from every register to bekept under the provisions of this Act, unless the Medical Council,Council, or other governing body,by whom the name was first erased,shall re-admit it into the books or rolls of such Medical Council,College, or other institution. Provided always that the name ofno person who may be possessed of a licence granted by aMedical Council, according to the provisions of this Act, shall beerased from the register, unless the registrar receive from suchMedical Council an official decision to that effect, authenticated bytheir seal.

XXVIII. Penalty for the yYzlful rya7.gfflcation of the Recordof Certificates by any Registrar.—That if any Registrar underthis Act shall wilfully make, or cause to be made any falsificationin any matters relating to any register, certificate, or reco-daforesaid, every such offender shall be deemed guilty of a mis-demeanour in England and Ireland, and in Scotland of a crimeand offence, and shall, on conviction thereof, be sentenced to beimprisoned for any term not exceeding six calendar months.XXIX. Penalty for Obtaining Certificates by False Repre-

sentations.-That if any person stiall wilfully procure, or attemptto procure a certificate from any Registrar, by making or pro-ducing, or causing to be made or produced, any false or fraudu-lent representation or declaration, either verbally or in writing,or shall, by any false or fraudulent means whatsoever, possess,obtain, use, or attempt to possess, obtain, or use, any certificateas aforesaid, every such person so offending, and every personaiding and assisting him therein, shall, upon being convictedthereof, be acljudged guilty of a misdemeanour in England andIreland, and in Scotland of a crime and offence; and thereuponit shall be lawful for the Court before whom such offender shallbe tried and convicted, to sentence such offender to be imprisonedwith or without hard labour, for any period of time not exceedingsix calendar months.

XXX. Penalty for Falsely Pretending to be a MedicalPractitioner.—That every unregistered person who shall wil-fully and falsely pretend to be, or take or use the name or title ofa physician, doctor, bachelor of medicine, surgeon, or apothe-cary, or any name, title, addition, or description, implying thal

he is registered under this act, or that he is recognised by law asa physician, or surgeon, or apothecary, cr a practitioner inmedicine or surgery, shall, on being convicted of every suchoffence, before any magistrate having jurisdiction therein, pay asum not exceeding ten pounds, nor less than forty shillings, tobe recoverable as hereinafter described.

XXXI. Ho2v Penalties are to be recovered; if not paid, theOffender may be Con2mitted.-That any Justice of the Peaceacting in and for the county, city, or place in which the offencehas been committed, or any Magistrate appointed by virtue of anAct passed in the second and third years of the reign of Her

Majesty Queen Victoria, intituled "An Act for Regulating thePolice Courts of the Metropolis," or one of the Justices of PeaceCourts in Scotland, may hear and determine any complaintcharging any person with practising medicine, without a certi-ficate, as aforesaid, on the oath of one or more witnesses, or bythe confession of the accused party, and shall award the penaltyor punishment herein provided for such offence; and in everycase of the adjudication of a pecuniary penalty under this Act,and of non-payment thereof, it shall be lawful for the said Justiceor Magistrate to commit the offender to any gaol or house ofcorrection within his jurisdiction, for a term not exceeding onecalendar month, when the sum does not exceed forty shillmgs,and for a term not exceeding three calendar months when thesum does not exceed ten pounds, the imprisonment to cease onpayment of the sum due.XXXII. Application of Penalties—That any sum or sums of

money arising from conviction and recovery of penalties foroffences committed against the authotity and provisions of thisAct, shall be paid to the Medical Council for that part of theUnited Kingdom in which such conviction shall take place.XXXIII. Examiners may take Candidates to Hospitals, &c.-

That each of the said Examining Boards, or any members ormember thereof, shall be empowered to attend with the candi-dates for licences in the public hospitals, or other public institu-tions containing sick and diseased persons, and also in any work-house, with the view of ascertaining the practical knowledge ofsuch candidate in the science of medicine.

XXXIV. Act not to deprive the Colleges of Physicians in Lon-doaz,Edinburgla, and Dublin, nor the Colleges of Surgeons of Eng-land, Edinburgh, and Dublin, of the privilege of conferringDegrees and Diplomas.—That not anything in this Act con-tained shall deprive the Royal College of Physicians in London,the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College ofPhysicians of Edinburgh, the Royal College of’ Surgeons ofEdinburgh, the King’s and Queen’s College of Physicians in Ire-land, or the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, of their re-spective rights to grant degrees or diplomas in medicine or sur-gery ; but such degrees and diplomas shall not, after the first dayof February, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, conferon any person possessing them, or either of them, the right topractise as a medical practitioner in any portion of the UnitedKingdom.XXXV. Provision for existing Students.-That it shall be

lawful for the said several Medical Councils to make regulationsfor dispensing with such provisions of this Act as to them shallseem fit, in favour of Medical Students who shall have com-menced their professional studies before the passing of this Act.XXXVI. Act not to affect the Trade or Business of Chemists and

Druggists.—That not anything in this Act contained shall ex-tend, or be construed to extend, to prejudice or in any way affectthe trade or business of a chemist and druggist in the buying,preparing, compounding, dispensing, and vending drugs, medi-cines, and medicinahle compounds, wholesale or retail, withoutthe giving of medical or surgical advice.XXXVII. Registered Medical Practitioners exen2ptetZ from,

serving on Juries, Inquests, &c.-That every person who slall be

registered and possess a certificate in force, under the provisionsof this Act, shall be exempt, if he shall so desire, from servingon all juries and inquests whatsoever, and from serving all cor-porate, parochial, ward, hundred, and township offices, bnd in theMilitia, and that the name of such person shall not be returnedin any list of persons liable to serve in the Militia, or in any suchoffice as aforesaid ; and no person shall be entitled to such ex-emption as aforesaid, on the ground of being a physician, surgeon,apothecary, or licentiate in medicine, surgery, and midwiferywho does not possess such certificate then in force as aforesaid.

XXXVIII. For certain Offences, names of Medical Practitioners, to be erased from the Register.-That if any registered medical’ practitioner shall be convicted in England or Ireland of anyfelony, or in Scotland of any crime or offence inferring infamy or

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the punishment of death or transportation, or if it shall be found,by the judgment of any competent court, that any such medicalpractitioner shall have procured a certificate under this Act byany fraud or false pretence, or that any such medical practitionerhas wilfully and knowingly given any false statement, evidence,or certificate, in any case in which by law the evidence or certifi-cate of a physician, surgeon, apothecary, or licentiate in medicine,surgery, and midwifery, is required, the registrar of each of theMedical Councils, on the production before him of an office copyor extract of the conviction or judgment of the court, duly certi-fied under the hand of the proper officer of the Court, or otherproof thereof, shall cause the name of such medical practitioner tobe erased from the register ; and every person whose name shallhave been so erased after such conviction or judgment as afore-said, shall thereby forfeit and lose all the privileges of a registeredmedical practitioner provided by this Act.

SCHEDULE (A).Declaration required of a person who claims to be registered

as a medical practitioner upon the ground that he was in practiceas a medical practitioner before the first day of August, 1815:-

To the Registrar of the Medical Council for England.I, [Samuel Baker,] residing at [6, Duke-street, Exeter,] in the

county of [Devon,] hereby declare that I was practising as amedical practitioner, at [16, George-street, Hastings,] in the

county of [Sussex,] before the 1st day of August, 1815.(Signed) [SAMUEL BAKER.

Dated this [6th] day of [November] 1852.

SCHEDULE (B).Licence to Practise Medicine, Surgery, and lllidwafery.

This is to certify that [Herbert Jones] has been carefully anddeliberately examined as to his skill and abilities in the scienceand practice of medicine, surgery, and midwifery, and as to hisfitness and qualification to practise the same, by the ExaminingBoard appointed in pursuance of an Act of Parliament passed inthe [ ] year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria,intituled " An Act to produce Uniformity of Medical Educationand Qualification, and for the Registration of those licensed topractise in Medicine ; and the Medical Council for [England]have, by virtue of the powers vested in them by the said Act,directed this Licence to be granted to the said [Herbert Jones,]certifying that he is duly qualified to practise medicine, surgery,and midwifery.

(Signed) [JOHN FAIRBROTHER,]President of the Medical Council for [England.]

(Signed) [HENRY BROWN,]Registrar of the Medical Council for [England.]

Dated this [3rd] day of [March], 185 .

SCHEDULE (C).The Medical Register for [England.]—Medical Registration

Certificate for 185 .

In accordance with the provisions of an Act of Parliament,passed in the [ ] year of the reign of Her MajestyQueen Victoria, intituled, An Act to produce Uniformity ofMedical Education and Qualification, and for the Registrationof those Licensed to Practise in Medicine," I hereby certify that[James Howard], residing at [No. 15, Ormond-street, Man-chester], in the county of [Lancaster], (having produced, beforeme, the Diploma of [the Royal College of Physicians of England]granted to him [April 18th, 1840], as [a Fellow of that College],)or, (having signed, before me, a Declaration according to the formin Schedule (A) to the said Act annexed) or (having produced,before me, the Licence of the Medical Council for [England]granted to him the [4th] day of [May], 185 ,) he has been dulyregistered, according to the provisions of the said Act, as a personwho is qualified to practise Medicine in any part of [England andWales], and that he is entitled to exercise all the powers andprivileges conferred by the said Act.

This Certificate to remain in force until the 1st day of February,185 , and no longer.

(Signed) [HENRY BROWN],Registrar of the Medical Council for [England].

Dated this [1st] day of [February], 185 .

SCHEDULE (D).The Medical Register for [England], consisting of the names

and places of residence (arranged alphabetically), with a descrip.tion of the qualifications, and the dates thereof, of all person !legally qualified to practise medicine in [England], in th(

year 185 .

The Names of Registered Medical Practitioners,(arranged alphabetically.)

Medical Societies.

ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY.

TUESDAY, JANUARY 13, 1852.—MR. HODGSON, PRESIDENT.

REMARKABLE CASE OF FOREIGN BODIES IN THE STOMACHAND DUODENUM, COMPLETE OBSTRUCTION OF THE BOWELS,AND MECHANICAL DISPLACEMENT OF ORGANS. By JOHNMARSHALL, Esq., of Wallingford.A TRADESMAN’S wife, aged forty-one at the time of her death,

who had borne six children-the last in 1844-a tall, well-formedwoman, had suffered from the following symptoms : - In

December, 1842, fourteen days after the birth of her fifth child,she vomited a wasbhand-basinful of blood. For forty-eighthours subsequently she was unconscious, the pupils were dilated,and the pulse hardly to be felt. She recovered slowly, and hercomplexion always retained a sallow hue afterwards. The lastlabour, in 1844, was unattended by any similar or other ailment,and she recovered quickly. In the autumn of 1845, she sufferedfrom pain at the epigastrium and in the left groin, accompaniedwith frequent vomiting. A hard tumour, size and shape of anordinary placenta, was found in the left groin, movable in atransverse direction when the patient turned from side to side.This had been felt by the patient for many months ; when itmoved, it caused nausea, but no pain, nor was it tender to thetouch. She had pain between the shoulders, shooting into theleft breast, and suffered much from flatulence. The catameniahad not appeared for three months, and she thought she waspregnant. The bowels were constipated, the vomiting continued,with occasional mixture of blood in the matters thrown up, shebecame much emaciated, and so feeble that her death wasexpected. She recovered, however, after taking nothing butsmall quantities of brandy at short intervals for two days. She

gradually regained strength, and looked almost as well as usual.During the five following years, she continued in tolerable healthsthe pain and occasional sickness, constipated state of bowels,and occasional oedema of face and ankles, were the principalindications of impaired health. The catamenia had never re-turned since 1845. In October, 1850, after a return of the oldsymptoms of incessant vomiting, &c., she sank after an illness ofthree weeks.

Post-mortem examination, eighteen hours after death.—Thestomach was found reaching, at its pylorc end, the arch of thepubes, its form resembling that of a champagne-bottle ; the duo-denum lay partly under the sigmoid flexure of the colon ; the

pancreas was also drawn out of its natural position ; the liver waslarge and pale, and the gall-bladder full of bile. Nothing re-markable was observed in the other organs of the abdomen andpelvis, except that the caecum and colon were small, and had lostthe character of small intestines. No ulceration was to be foundthroughout the whole length of the intestinal canal, nor anyadhesion or other sign of peritonaeal inflammation. The stomachcontained in its lower half nine ounces of pins of a purpie-blackcolour, not corroded, all bent or broken, many very pointed. Thecontents of the stomach were much thickened; the duodenum

contained a mass of pins very tightly packed, of various shapes.