Drilling operation to get subsurface data

Why subsurface drilling is needed?

• As we cant look into subsurface directly, drilling is done to bring the rock samples tp surface for exploration of economic deposits like ore, oil and gas.

• As samples from successive rock layers are cut and samples are brought to surface, they give us information about the rock types lying underneath.

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Drilling RigDrilling Rig

Traveling BlockTraveling Block

HookHook

SwivelSwivel

Draw WorksDraw Works

Mud PumpMud PumpRotary TableRotary Table

KellyKelly

Mud HoseMud Hose

Crown BlockCrown Block

CasingCasing

Drill PipeDrill Pipe

BitBit

CasingDrill Pipe

BitBitDrill pipe

Drill bit

Drilling rig- the entire set up/ structure which house theequipments to drill

Technical terms associated with

drilling

Drilling bit- Drill bits are cutting tools used to

create cylindrical holes.

Technical terms associated with drilling

Drilling mud- drilling mud or drilling fluid is used to minimize friction of drill bit with rock and also it provides support to the well. Circulating drilling mud carry back samples to the surface

Technical terms associated with drilling

There are several rock types stacked over each other.

• a picture of rock layers stacked above each other

Step number

Details of the step

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Action/motion of the step

1 The drilling bit starts to cut the rocks and bore hole is made, the first casing is inserted within the shallow depths 40-50m

Drilling is started and a first casing

is inserted in the ground

The drilling bit cuts the rock as it rotatesAfter the hole is made and a brown casing is inserted

Step number

Details of the step

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Action/motion of the step

2 The hole is cemented so that the casing remain in place and the hole does not collapse

The bore hole is cemented after the casing is fixed

•Grey cement pours in the space between the casing and the hole• The hole is cemented

Step number

Details of the step

Image Text to be displayed

Action/motion of the step

3 Another drilling rod is added in the hole after that previous one.

As the drill bit penetrates further deep more rods/casings are added to it.

One casing is inserted and fits above the bottom lying one… consecutive casings come after one another and fits above one another….here the rods should drop one by one like banglesThen the total sequence is cemented

SEQUENCE OF DRILLING-2

SEQUENCE OF DRILLING-3

Step number

Details of the step

Image Text to be displayed

Action/motion of the step

4 Here finally the total drilled sequence is shown

A pic of full drilled well

It is a telescopic operation.Consecutively smaller drill rods are added to the hole