Lab report analysis and comparison between two areas
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Submitted to Sir. Inam January 25, 2007 Comparison of drinking water in Jauharabad Areas Block#2 & Block # 14 Objective To provide information about water quality. To aware the people about the affect of dirty water. Area of study Block no 2, Block no 14 Importance of water All living things are made up of water. Water plays very important role in all fields of life. There is 65- 75 % water in human body. There is considerable amount of water in fruits and vegetables. About three quarter of earth is made of water. Without water there would be no life on earth. FOOD % OF WATER Lettuce 96% Orange 86% Mil 87% Fish 92% Beef 64% Egg 75% % O F W A TE R 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% % O F W A TE R Prepared by: Amber Khursheed COM Student UE, Jauharabad
Transcript
Submitted to Sir. Inam January 25, 2007
Comparison of drinking water in JauharabadAreas Block#2 & Block#14
Objective
To provide information about water quality.
To aware the people about the affect of dirty water.
Area of study
Block no 2, Block no 14
Importance of water
All living things are made up of water.Water plays very important role in all fields of life.There is 65- 75 % water in human body.There is considerable amount of water in fruits and vegetables.About three quarter of earth is made of water. Without water there would be no life on earth.
FOOD % OF WATER
Lettuce 96%Orange 86%
Mil 87%
Fish 92%
Beef 64% Egg 75%
% OF WATER
0%20%40%60%80%
100%120%
% OF WATER
Prepared by: Amber Khursheed COM Student UE, Jauharabad
Submitted to Sir. Inam January 25, 2007
H2 + O2 H2OWATER molecule is the combination of two H2 and one O2
WHERE DO WE GET DRINKING WATER ?Not all water is safe to drink. Water in lakes and rivers can be polluted. Impure water has harmful Germs Many poor people still do not have pure Drinking water. Same situation is held in JBDWhere the citizen of some areas are forced to drink impure water..
I collected the sample of water from two different places of JBD. Then I got the report about analysis of water from Laboratory for analysis of water and agriculture JBD (Khushab). My brother helped in getting the analysis report. This report was verified by District officer soil and water testing Laboratory at JBD.
We can estimate the amount of TSS through electrical conductivity. In order to convert the electrical conductivity in to soluble salt multiplied by 0.7. The product is shown in Millionth (10,00000 th part) through this we classify the either it is suitable for drinking or not.
Classification of water suitability
Total soluble salt Condition
Water contains more than 1450 (mmohs)
Large amount of salt unfit for drinking purpose
1150 to 1450 (mmohs/cm) Middle amount of
salt ,but unfit for drinking purpose
0 to 1150 (mmohs/cm .Norma Drinking amount of salt fitFor drinking purpose.
According to table, and water analysis report in my project water of block no. 14 is fit for drinking purpose. Because its value is 386/270 comes in to suitable range of TSS (total soluble salt) While block no.2 has considerable amount of salt i.e. 1346/9422. That is why water of block no.2 is unfit for drinking purpose.
SAR ( sodium absorption ratio)
SAR can be determined through sodium and calcium magnesium. In block no. 14 amount of SAR is normal that is 0.70. While in block no.2 amount of SAR is 25%. This is one of the reason water of block no.2 is unfit for drinking purpose.RSC (residual sodium carbonate)
We can obtain the amount of RSC by subtraction process between (ca + mg) ---- (co3 +Hco3). Block no, 2 has 17 %( R.S.C.). While block no, 14 has nil amounts.
Prepared by: Amber Khursheed COM Student UE, Jauharabad
Submitted to Sir. Inam January 25, 2007
There are two types of water.
1. Hard water.2. Soft water.
Hard water .
The water which contains high amount sulphites of calcium and magnesium carbonate, bicarbonate is known as hard water. In this way water of block no, 2 becomes hard water, i.e. Unfit for drinking purpose.
Soft waterSoft water contains less amount sodium, chlorides, carbonate, and bicarbonate is known as soft water. So water of block no, 14 comes in to soft water.
Parameter that determines the quality of water
Factors Standard qualities
Color Colorless
Taste tasteless
Odour odourlessPresence ofMicro-organism
Should not exit
Hardness effect Min. to Min.
Hard water causes diseases According to world health organization about 70% of world population is deprived to pure water. It is the world wide problem, but specially found in under developing countries. Impure water causes a lot number of diseases. Tricoma Disease of eye which causes blindness. Liver / kidney diseases.Stomach diseases, Typhoid, Vomiting, and Worms of alimentary canal.In short whole system of body disordered
Prepared by: Amber Khursheed COM Student UE, Jauharabad
Water of block# 2 is unfit for drinking purpose. Because it contains large amount of soluble salt. According to water analysis report water of block #2 contains high amount soluble salts especially SAR and chlorides.While water of block#14 has suitable amount of salts i.e. fit for drinking purpose.
Importance of waer related to human nutrition
Water is very important for human body. Human being cannot survive with out water. Water helps in digestion of food. Water keeps body temperature moderate. Water keeps the human blood dilute. Dilution property of blood is important for normal circulation of blood. Water keeps the body temperature moderate. People which live hot and dry areas require more water as compare those who live in cool region. A normal healthy and adult person require 10---12 glass daily.
Components Percentage
water 65%
Protein 18%
carbohydrates 5%
Fats 10%
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.7
Suggestion Prepared by: Amber Khursheed COM Student UE, Jauharabad
Submitted to Sir. Inam January 25, 2007
We can purify the water by adding certain chemicals.
Water should be boiled be fore drinking. Boiling process remove the hardness affect.
Ca(Hco3) caco3 + H2o + Co2
We can use Clark’s method for purification of water. in this method calcium hydroxide is added in hard water , So soluble bicarbonate of
calcium and Magnesium is converted soluble carbon
Ca(Hco3)2 + Ca(O H)2 Caco3 + H2o
Government should insert water purification plants. It is duty of government to provide pure water their citizen.
Prepared by: Amber Khursheed COM Student UE, Jauharabad
