FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

EXTERNALADDRESS

BUS

EXTERNALDATA BUS

DMA BUSSERIAL PORTS

SPORT 1SPORT 0

MEMORY

PROGRAMMEMORY

DATAMEMORY

PROGRAMMABLEI/O

FLAGS

BYTE DMACONTROLLER

TIMER

ADSP-2100 BASEARCHITECTURE

SHIFTERMACALU

ARITHMETIC UNITS

POWER-DOWNCONTROL

PROGRAMSEQUENCER

DAG 2DAG 1

DATA ADDRESSGENERATORS

PROGRAM MEMORY ADDRESS

DATA MEMORY ADDRESS

PROGRAM MEMORY DATA

DATA MEMORY DATA

INTERNALDMAPORT

a DSP MicrocomputerADSP-2181

FEATURESPERFORMANCE25 ns Instruction Cycle Time from 20 MHz Crystal

@ 5.0 Volts40 MIPS Sustained PerformanceSingle-Cycle Instruction ExecutionSingle-Cycle Context Switch3-Bus Architecture Allows Dual Operand Fetches in

Every Instruction CycleMultifunction InstructionsPower-Down Mode Featuring Low CMOS Standby

Power Dissipation with 100 Cycle Recovery fromPower-Down Condition

Low Power Dissipation in Idle ModeINTEGRATIONADSP-2100 Family Code Compatible, with Instruction

Set Extensions80K Bytes of On-Chip RAM, Configured as

16K Words On-Chip Program Memory RAM16K Words On-Chip Data Memory RAM

Dual Purpose Program Memory for Both Instructionand Data Storage

Independent ALU, Multiplier/Accumulator, and BarrelShifter Computational Units

Two Independent Data Address GeneratorsPowerful Program Sequencer Provides

Zero Overhead LoopingConditional Instruction Execution

Programmable 16-Bit Interval Timer with Prescaler128-Lead TQFP/128-Lead PQFPSYSTEM INTERFACE16-Bit Internal DMA Port for High Speed Access to

On-Chip Memory4 MByte Memory Interface for Storage of Data Tables

and Program Overlays8-Bit DMA to Byte Memory for Transparent

Program and Data Memory TransfersI/O Memory Interface with 2048 Locations Supports

Parallel PeripheralsProgrammable Memory Strobe and Separate I/O Memory

Space Permits “Glueless” System DesignProgrammable Wait State GenerationTwo Double-Buffered Serial Ports with Companding

Hardware and Automatic Data BufferingAutomatic Booting of On-Chip Program Memory from

Byte-Wide External Memory, e.g., EPROM, orThrough Internal DMA Port

Six External Interrupts13 Programmable Flag Pins Provide Flexible System

SignalingICE-Port™ Emulator Interface Supports Debugging

in Final Systems

REV. DInformation furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate andreliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for itsuse, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third partieswhich may result from its use. No license is granted by implication orotherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.

ICE-Port is a trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.

GENERAL DESCRIPTIONThe ADSP-2181 is a single-chip microcomputer optimized fordigital signal processing (DSP) and other high speed numericprocessing applications.

The ADSP-2181 combines the ADSP-2100 family base archi-tecture (three computational units, data address generators anda program sequencer) with two serial ports, a 16-bit internalDMA port, a byte DMA port, a programmable timer, Flag I/O,extensive interrupt capabilities, and on-chip program and datamemory.

The ADSP-2181 integrates 80K bytes of on-chip memory con-figured as 16K words (24-bit) of program RAM, and 16K words(16-bit) of data RAM. Power-down circuitry is also provided tomeet the low power needs of battery operated portable equip-ment. The ADSP-2181 is available in 128-lead TQFP and 128-lead PQFP packages.

In addition, the ADSP-2181 supports new instructions, whichinclude bit manipulations—bit set, bit clear, bit toggle, bit test—new ALU constants, new multiplication instruction (x squared),biased rounding, result free ALU operations, I/O memory trans-fers and global interrupt masking for increased flexibility.

Fabricated in a high speed, double metal, low power, CMOSprocess, the ADSP-2181 operates with a 25 ns instruction cycletime. Every instruction can execute in a single processor cycle.

The ADSP-2181’s flexible architecture and comprehensiveinstruction set allow the processor to perform multiple opera-tions in parallel. In one processor cycle the ADSP-2181 can:• Generate the next program address• Fetch the next instruction• Perform one or two data moves• Update one or two data address pointers• Perform a computational operation

One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.Tel: 781/329-4700 World Wide Web Site: http://www.analog.comFax: 781/326-8703 © Analog Devices, Inc., 1998

ADSP-2181* PRODUCT PAGE QUICK LINKSLast Content Update: 02/23/2017

COMPARABLE PARTSView a parametric search of comparable parts.

EVALUATION KITS• EZ-ICE® Serial Emulator for ADSP-218x Processor Family

DOCUMENTATIONApplication Notes

• AN-1: ADSP-21xx Legacy Application Notes

• AN-227: Digital Control System Design with the ADSP-2100 Family

• AN-227: Digital Control System Design with the ADSP-2100 Family

• AN-334: Digital Signal Processing Techniques

• AN-348: Avoiding Passive-Component Pitfalls

• AN-400: Considerations for Selecting a DSP Processor -- Why Buy the ADSP-2181?

• AN-415: ADSP-2181 IDMA Interface to Motorola MC68300 Family of Microprocessors

• AN-524: ADV601/ADV611 Bin Width Calculation in ADSP-21xx DSP

• AN-543: High Quality, All-Digital RF Frequency Modulation Generation with the ADSP-2181 and the AD9850 DDS

• EE-06: ADSP-21xx Serial Port Startup Issues

• EE-100: ADSP-218x External Overlay Memory

• EE-102: Mode D and ADSP-218x Pin Compatibility - the FAQs

• EE-103: Performing Level Conversion Between 5v and 3.3v IC's

• EE-104: Setting Up Streams with the VisualDSP Debugger

• EE-11: ADSP-2181 Priority Chain & IDMA Holdoffs

• EE-110: A Quick Primer on ELF and DWARF File Formats

• EE-115: ADSP-2189 IDMA Interface to Motorola MC68300 Family of Microprocessors

• EE-12: Interrupts and Programmable Flags on the ADSP-2185/2186

• EE-121: Porting Code from ADSP-21xx to ADSP-219x

• EE-122: Coding for Performance on the ADSP-219x

• EE-123: An Overview of the ADSP-219x Pipeline

• EE-124: Booting up the ADSP-2192

• EE-125: ADSP-218x Embedded System Software Management and In-System-Programming (ISP)

• EE-128: DSP in C++: Calling Assembly Class Member Functions From C++

• EE-129: ADSP-2192 Interprocessor Communication

• EE-130: Making Fast Transition from ADSP-21xx to ADSP-219x

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• EE-131: Booting the ADSP-2191/95/96 DSPs

• EE-133: Converting From Legacy Architecture Files To Linker Description Files for the ADSP-218x

• EE-139: Interfacing the ADSP-2191 to an AD7476 via the SPI Port

• EE-142: Autobuffering, C and FFTs on the ADSP-218x

• EE-144: Creating a Master-Slave SPI Interface Between Two ADSP-2191 DSPs

• EE-145: SPI Booting of the ADSP-2191 using the Atmel AD25020N on an EZ-KIT Lite Evaluation Board

• EE-146: Implementing a Boot Manager for ADSP-218x Family DSPs

• EE-152: Using Software Overlays with the ADSP-219x and VisualDSP 2.0++

• EE-153: ADSP-2191 Programmable PLL

• EE-154: ADSP-2191 Host Port Interface

• EE-156: Support for the H.100 protocol on the ADSP-2191

• EE-158: ADSP-2181 EZ-Kit Lite IDMA to PC Printer Port Interface

• EE-159: Initializing DSP System & Control Registers From C and C++

• EE-164: Advanced EPROM Boot and No-boot Scenarios with ADSP-219x DSPs

• EE-168: Using Third Overtone Crystals with the ADSP-218x DSP

• EE-17: ADSP-2187L Memory Organization

• EE-18: Choosing and Using FFTs for ADSP-21xx

• EE-188: Using C To Implement Interrupt-Driven Systems On ADSP-219x DSPs

• EE-2: Using ADSP-218x I/O Space

• EE-21: AD1847/ADSP-2181 Daisy Chain Tips & Tricks

• EE-226: ADSP-2191 DSP Host Port Booting

• EE-227: CAN Configuration Procedure for ADSP-21992 DSPs

• EE-23: An AD1847/ADSP-2181 loopback example using a single index register for SPORT autobuffering

• EE-249: Implementing Software Overlays on ADSP-218x DSPs with VisualDSP++®

• EE-32: Language Extensions: Memory Storage Types, ASM & Inline Constructs

• EE-33: Programming The ADSP-21xx Timer In C

• EE-35: Troubleshooting your ADSP-218x EZ-ICE

• EE-356: Emulator and Evaluation Hardware Troubleshooting Guide for CCES Users

• EE-36: ADSP-21xx Interface to the IOM-2 bus

• EE-38: ADSP-2181 IDMA Port - Cycle Steal Timing

• EE-39: Interfacing 5V Flash Memory to an ADSP-218x (Byte Programming Algorithm)

• EE-4: ADSP-21xx Multi-channel Slot Assignments for the AD1847

• EE-48: Converting Legacy 21xx Systems To A 218x System Design

• EE-5: ADSP-218x Full Memory Mode vs. Host Memory Mode

• EE-60: Simulating an RS-232 UART Using the Synchronous Serial Ports on the ADSP-21xx Family DSPs

• EE-64: Setting Mode Pins on Reset

• EE-68: Analog Devices JTAG Emulation Technical Reference

• EE-71: Minimum Rise Time Specs for Critical Interrupt and Clock Signals on the ADSP-21x1/21x5

• EE-74: Analog Devices Serial Port Development and Troubleshooting Guide

• EE-78: BDMA Usage on 100 pin ADSP-218x DSPs Configured for IDMA Use

• EE-79: EPROM Booting In Host Mode with 100 Pin 218x Processors

• EE-82: Using an ADSP-2181 DSP's IO Space to IDMA Boot Another ADSP-2181

• EE-89: Implementing A Software UART on the ADSP-2181 EZ-Kit-Lite

• EE-90: Using the 21xx C-FFT Library

• EE-96: Interfacing Two AD73311 Codecs to the ADSP-218x

Data Sheet

• ADSP-2181: 16-bit, 40 MIPS, 5v, 2 serial ports, host port, 80 KB RAM Data Sheet

Evaluation Kit Manuals

• ADSP-2181 EZ-KIT Lite® Evaluation System Manual

Integrated Circuit Anomalies

• ADSP-2181 Anomaly List for Revisions 0.0-4.0

Processor Manuals

• ADSP 21xx Processors: Manuals

• ADSP-218x DSP Hardware Reference

• ADSP-218x DSP Instruction Set Reference

• Using the ADSP-2100 Family Volume 2

Software Manuals

• CrossCore Embedded Studio 2.5.0 C/C++ Library Manual for SHARC Processors

• VisualDSP++ 3.5 Assembler and Preprocessor Manual for ADSP-218x and ADSP-219x DSPs

• VisualDSP++ 3.5 C Compiler and Library Manual for ADSP-218x DSPs

• VisualDSP++ 3.5 C/C++ Compiler and Library Manual for ADSP-219x Processors

• VisualDSP++ 3.5 Linker and Utilities Manual for 16-Bit Processors

SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS• Software and Tools Anomalies Search

TOOLS AND SIMULATIONS• ADSP-21xx Processors: Software and Tools

DESIGN RESOURCES• ADSP-2181 Material Declaration

• PCN-PDN Information

• Quality And Reliability

• Symbols and Footprints

DISCUSSIONSView all ADSP-2181 EngineerZone Discussions.

SAMPLE AND BUYVisit the product page to see pricing options.

TECHNICAL SUPPORTSubmit a technical question or find your regional support number.

DOCUMENT FEEDBACKSubmit feedback for this data sheet.

This page is dynamically generated by Analog Devices, Inc., and inserted into this data sheet. A dynamic change to the content on this page will not trigger a change to either the revision number or the content of the product data sheet. This dynamic page may be frequently modified.

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REV. D

ADSP-2181

–2–

This takes place while the processor continues to:• Receive and transmit data through the two serial ports• Receive and/or transmit data through the internal DMA port• Receive and/or transmit data through the byte DMA port• Decrement timer

Development SystemThe ADSP-2100 Family Development Software, a completeset of tools for software and hardware system development,supports the ADSP-2181. The System Builder provides a highlevel method for defining the architecture of systems underdevelopment. The Assembler has an algebraic syntax that is easyto program and debug. The Linker combines object files intoan executable file. The Simulator provides an interactiveinstruction-level simulation with a reconfigurable user interfaceto display different portions of the hardware environment. APROM Splitter generates PROM programmer compatible files.The C Compiler, based on the Free Software Foundation’sGNU C Compiler, generates ADSP-2181 assembly sourcecode. The source code debugger allows programs to be cor-rected in the C environment. The Runtime Library includes over100 ANSI-standard mathematical and DSP-specific functions.

The EZ-KIT Lite is a hardware/software kit offering a completedevelopment environment for the entire ADSP-21xx family: anADSP-2181 evaluation board with PC monitor software plusAssembler, Linker, Simulator, and PROM Splitter software.The ADSP-218x EZ-KIT Lite is a low-cost, easy to use hard-ware platform on which you can quickly get started with yourDSP software design. The EZ-KIT Lite includes the followingfeatures:

• 33 MHz ADSP-2181• Full 16-bit Stereo Audio I/O with AD1847 SoundPort® Codec• RS-232 Interface to PC with Windows 3.1 Control Software• Stand-Alone Operation with Socketed EPROM• EZ-ICE® Connector for Emulator Control• DSP Demo Programs

The ADSP-218x EZ-ICE Emulator aids in the hardware debug-ging of ADSP-218x systems. The emulator consists of hard-ware, host computer resident software and the target boardconnector. The ADSP-218x integrates on-chip emulation sup-port with a 14-pin ICE-Port interface. This interface provides asimpler target board connection requiring fewer mechanicalclearance considerations than other ADSP-2100 Family EZ-ICEs.The ADSP-218x device need not be removed from the targetsystem when using the EZ-ICE, nor are any adapters needed. Dueto the small footprint of the EZ-ICE connector, emulation can besupported in final board designs.

The EZ-ICE performs a full range of functions, including:• In-target operation• Up to 20 breakpoints• Single-step or full-speed operation• Registers and memory values can be examined and altered• PC upload and download functions• Instruction-level emulation of program booting and execution• Complete assembly and disassembly of instructions• C source-level debugging

See the Designing An EZ-ICE-Compatible Target System sec-tion of this data sheet for exact specifications of the EZ-ICE targetboard connector.

Additional InformationThis data sheet provides a general overview of ADSP-2181functionality. For additional information on the architecture andinstruction set of the processor, refer to the ADSP-2100 FamilyUser’s Manual, Third Edition. For more information about thedevelopment tools, refer to the ADSP-2100 Family DevelopmentTools Data Sheet.

ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEWThe ADSP-2181 instruction set provides flexible data movesand multifunction (one or two data moves with a computation)instructions. Every instruction can be executed in a single pro-cessor cycle. The ADSP-2181 assembly language uses an alge-braic syntax for ease of coding and readability. A comprehensiveset of development tools supports program development.

Figure 1 is an overall block diagram of the ADSP-2181. Theprocessor contains three independent computational units: theALU, the multiplier/accumulator (MAC) and the shifter. Thecomputational units process 16-bit data directly and have provi-sions to support multiprecision computations. The ALU per-forms a standard set of arithmetic and logic operations; divisionprimitives are also supported. The MAC performs single-cyclemultiply, multiply/add and multiply/subtract operations with40 bits of accumulation. The shifter performs logical and arith-metic shifts, normalization, denormalization and derive expo-nent operations. The shifter can be used to efficiently implementnumeric format control including multiword and block floating-point representations.

The internal result (R) bus connects the computational units sothat the output of any unit may be the input of any unit on thenext cycle.

A powerful program sequencer and two dedicated data addressgenerators ensure efficient delivery of operands to these computa-tional units. The sequencer supports conditional jumps, subroutinecalls and returns in a single cycle. With internal loop counters andloop stacks, the ADSP-2181 executes looped code with zero over-head; no explicit jump instructions are required to maintain loops.

Two data address generators (DAGs) provide addresses forsimultaneous dual operand fetches (from data memory andprogram memory). Each DAG maintains and updates fouraddress pointers. Whenever the pointer is used to access data(indirect addressing), it is post-modified by the value of one offour possible modify registers. A length value may be associatedwith each pointer to implement automatic modulo addressingfor circular buffers.

Efficient data transfer is achieved with the use of five internalbuses:• Program Memory Address (PMA) Bus• Program Memory Data (PMD) Bus• Data Memory Address (DMA) Bus• Data Memory Data (DMD) Bus• Result (R) BusThe two address buses (PMA and DMA) share a single externaladdress bus, allowing memory to be expanded off-chip, and thetwo data buses (PMD and DMD) share a single external databus. Byte memory space and I/O memory space also share theexternal buses.

Program memory can store both instructions and data, permit-ting the ADSP-2181 to fetch two operands in a single cycle,one from program memory and one from data memory. TheEZ-ICE and SoundPort are registered trademarks of Analog Devices, Inc.

ADSP-2181

–3–REV. D

ADSP-2181 can fetch an operand from program memory andthe next instruction in the same cycle.

In addition to the address and data bus for external memoryconnection, the ADSP-2181 has a 16-bit Internal DMA port(IDMA port) for connection to external systems. The IDMAport is made up of 16 data/address pins and five control pins.The IDMA port provides transparent, direct access to the DSPson-chip program and data RAM.

An interface to low cost byte-wide memory is provided by theByte DMA port (BDMA port). The BDMA port is bidirectionaland can directly address up to four megabytes of external RAMor ROM for off-chip storage of program overlays or data tables.

The byte memory and I/O memory space interface supports slowmemories and I/O memory-mapped peripherals with program-mable wait state generation. External devices can gain control ofexternal buses with bus request/grant signals (BR, BGH and BG).One execution mode (Go Mode) allows the ADSP-2181 to con-tinue running from on-chip memory. Normal execution moderequires the processor to halt while buses are granted.

The ADSP-2181 can respond to 13 possible interrupts, elevenof which are accessible at any given time. There can be up to sixexternal interrupts (one edge-sensitive, two level-sensitive andthree configurable) and seven internal interrupts generated bythe timer, the serial ports (SPORTs), the Byte DMA port andthe power-down circuitry. There is also a master RESET signal.

The two serial ports provide a complete synchronous serial inter-face with optional companding in hardware and a wide variety offramed or frameless data transmit and receive modes of operation.Each port can generate an internal programmable serial clock oraccept an external serial clock.

The ADSP-2181 provides up to 13 general-purpose flag pins.The data input and output pins on SPORT1 can be alternativelyconfigured as an input flag and an output flag. In addition, thereare eight flags that are programmable as inputs or outputs andthree flags that are always outputs.

A programmable interval timer generates periodic interrupts. A16-bit count register (TCOUNT) is decremented every n pro-cessor cycles, where n is a scaling value stored in an 8-bit regis-ter (TSCALE). When the value of the count register reacheszero, an interrupt is generated and the count register is reloadedfrom a 16-bit period register (TPERIOD).

Serial PortsThe ADSP-2181 incorporates two complete synchronous serialports (SPORT0 and SPORT1) for serial communications andmultiprocessor communication.

Here is a brief list of the capabilities of the ADSP-2181 SPORTs.Refer to the ADSP-2100 Family User’s Manual, Third Edition forfurther details.

• SPORTs are bidirectional and have a separate, double-buffered transmit and receive section.

• SPORTs can use an external serial clock or generate theirown serial clock internally.

• SPORTs have independent framing for the receive and trans-mit sections. Sections run in a frameless mode or with framesynchronization signals internally or externally generated.Frame sync signals are active high or inverted, with either oftwo pulsewidths and timings.

OUTPUT REGS

ALU

OUTPUT REGS

MACTIMER

INPUT REGS INPUT REGS

ADSP-2181 INTEGRATION

DATAADDRESS

GENERATOR#1

DATAADDRESS

GENERATOR#2

21xx CORE

PMA BUS

DMA BUS

PMD BUS

INSTRUCTIONREGISTER

PROGRAMSEQUENCER

BUSEXCHANGE

DMD BUS

PROGRAMSRAM

16K 3 24

DATASRAM

16K 3 16 BYTEDMA

CONTROLLER

MUX

14

14

24

16

DMDBUS

PMA BUS

DMA BUS

PMD BUS

INPUT REGS

SHIFTER

OUTPUT REGS

INPUT REGS

MAC

OUTPUT REGS

INPUT REGS

ALU

OUTPUT REGS

R BUS

16

TRANSMIT REG

RECEIVE REG

SERIALPORT 0

TRANSMIT REG

RECEIVE REG

SERIALPORT 0

COMPANDINGCIRCUITRY

5 5

INTERNALDMAPORT

INTERRUPTS

POWER-DOWN

CONTROLLOGIC

2

8

3

MUX

PROGRAMMABLEI/O

FLAGS

14

EXTERNALADDRESS

BUS

EXTERNALDATABUS

16

4

24

Figure 1. ADSP-2181 Block Diagram

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–4–

• SPORTs support serial data word lengths from 3 to 16 bitsand provide optional A-law and µ-law companding accordingto CCITT recommendation G.711.

• SPORT receive and transmit sections can generate uniqueinterrupts on completing a data word transfer.

• SPORTs can receive and transmit an entire circular buffer ofdata with only one overhead cycle per data word. An interruptis generated after a data buffer transfer.

• SPORT0 has a multichannel interface to selectively receiveand transmit a 24- or 32-word, time-division multiplexed,serial bitstream.

• SPORT1 can be configured to have two external interrupts(IRQ0 and IRQ1) and the Flag In and Flag Out signals. Theinternally generated serial clock may still be used in thisconfiguration.

Pin DescriptionsThe ADSP-2181 is available in 128-lead TQFP and 128-leadPQFP packages.

PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

#Pin of Input/Name(s) Pins Output Function

Address 14 O Address Output Pins for Program,Data, Byte, and I/O Spaces

Data 24 I/O Data I/O Pins for Program andData Memory Spaces (8 MSBsAre Also Used as Byte SpaceAddresses)

RESET 1 I Processor Reset InputIRQ2 1 I Edge- or Level-Sensitive

Interrupt RequestIRQL0,IRQL1 2 I Level-Sensitive Interrupt

RequestsIRQE 1 I Edge-Sensitive Interrupt

RequestBR 1 I Bus Request InputBG 1 O Bus Grant OutputBGH 1 O Bus Grant Hung OutputPMS 1 O Program Memory Select OutputDMS 1 O Data Memory Select OutputBMS 1 O Byte Memory Select OutputIOMS 1 O I/O Space Memory Select OutputCMS 1 O Combined Memory Select OutputRD 1 O Memory Read Enable OutputWR 1 O Memory Write Enable OutputMMAP 1 I Memory Map Select InputBMODE 1 I Boot Option Control InputCLKIN, XTAL 2 I Clock or Quartz Crystal Input

#Pin of Input/Name(s) Pins Output Function

CLKOUT 1 O Processor Clock OutputSPORT0 5 I/O Serial Port I/O PinsSPORT1 5 I/O Serial Port 1 or Two External

IRQs, Flag In and Flag OutIRD, IWR 2 I IDMA Port Read/Write InputsIS 1 I IDMA Port SelectIAL 1 I IDMA Port Address Latch

EnableIAD 16 I/O IDMA Port Address/Data BusIACK 1 O IDMA Port Access Ready

AcknowledgePWD 1 I Power-Down ControlPWDACK 1 O Power-Down ControlFL0, FL1,FL2 3 O Output FlagsPF7:0 8 I/O Programmable I/O PinsEE 1 * (Emulator Only*)EBR 1 * (Emulator Only*)EBG 1 * (Emulator Only*)ERESET 1 * (Emulator Only*)EMS 1 * (Emulator Only*)EINT 1 * (Emulator Only*)ECLK 1 * (Emulator Only*)ELIN 1 * (Emulator Only*)ELOUT 1 * (Emulator Only*)GND 11 – Ground PinsVDD 6 – Power Supply Pins

*These ADSP-2181 pins must be connected only to the EZ-ICE connector inthe target system. These pins have no function except during emulation, anddo not require pull-up or pull-down resistors.

InterruptsThe interrupt controller allows the processor to respond to theeleven possible interrupts and reset with minimum overhead.The ADSP-2181 provides four dedicated external interruptinput pins, IRQ2, IRQL0, IRQL1 and IRQE. In addition,SPORT1 may be reconfigured for IRQ0, IRQ1, FLAG_IN andFLAG_OUT, for a total of six external interrupts. The ADSP-2181 also supports internal interrupts from the timer, the byteDMA port, the two serial ports, software and the power-downcontrol circuit. The interrupt levels are internally prioritized andindividually maskable (except power down and reset). TheIRQ2, IRQ0 and IRQ1 input pins can be programmed to beeither level- or edge-sensitive. IRQL0 and IRQL1 are level-sensitive and IRQE is edge sensitive. The priorities and vectoraddresses of all interrupts are shown in Table I.

ADSP-2181

–5–REV. D

Table I. Interrupt Priority and Interrupt Vector Addresses

Interrupt VectorSource of Interrupt Address (Hex)

Reset (or Power-Up with PUCR = 1) 0000 (Highest Priority)Power-Down (Nonmaskable) 002CIRQ2 0004IRQL1 0008IRQL0 000CSPORT0 Transmit 0010SPORT0 Receive 0014IRQE 0018BDMA Interrupt 001CSPORT1 Transmit or IRQ1 0020SPORT1 Receive or IRQ0 0024Timer 0028 (Lowest Priority)

Interrupt routines can either be nested with higher priorityinterrupts taking precedence or processed sequentially. Inter-rupts can be masked or unmasked with the IMASK register.Individual interrupt requests are logically ANDed with the bitsin IMASK; the highest priority unmasked interrupt is thenselected. The power-down interrupt is nonmaskable.

The ADSP-2181 masks all interrupts for one instruction cyclefollowing the execution of an instruction that modifies theIMASK register. This does not affect serial port autobufferingor DMA transfers.

The interrupt control register, ICNTL, controls interrupt nest-ing and defines the IRQ0, IRQ1 and IRQ2 external interrupts tobe either edge- or level-sensitive. The IRQE pin is an externaledge-sensitive interrupt and can be forced and cleared. TheIRQL0 and IRQL1 pins are external level-sensitive interrupts.

The IFC register is a write-only register used to force and clearinterrupts.

On-chip stacks preserve the processor status and are automati-cally maintained during interrupt handling. The stacks are twelvelevels deep to allow interrupt, loop and subroutine nesting.

The following instructions allow global enable or disable servic-ing of the interrupts (including power down), regardless of thestate of IMASK. Disabling the interrupts does not affect serialport autobuffering or DMA.

ENA INTS;DIS INTS;

When the processor is reset, interrupt servicing is enabled.

LOW POWER OPERATIONThe ADSP-2181 has three low power modes that significantlyreduce the power dissipation when the device operates understandby conditions. These modes are:• Power-Down• Idle• Slow Idle

The CLKOUT pin may also be disabled to reduce externalpower dissipation.

Power-DownThe ADSP-2181 processor has a low power feature that letsthe processor enter a very low power dormant state throughhardware or software control. Here is a brief list of power-down features. For detailed information about the power-down feature, refer to the ADSP-2100 Family User’s Manual,Third Edition, “System Interface” chapter.

• Quick recovery from power-down. The processor beginsexecuting instructions in as few as 100 CLKIN cycles.

• Support for an externally generated TTL or CMOSprocessor clock. The external clock can continue runningduring power-down without affecting the lowest powerrating and 100 CLKIN cycle recovery.

• Support for crystal operation includes disabling the oscil-lator to save power (the processor automatically waits 4096CLKIN cycles for the crystal oscillator to start and stabi-lize), and letting the oscillator run to allow 100 CLKINcycle start up.

• Power-down is initiated by either the power-down pin(PWD) or the software power-down force bit.

• Interrupt support allows an unlimited number of instruc-tions to be executed before optionally powering down.The power-down interrupt also can be used as a non-maskable, edge-sensitive interrupt.

• Context clear/save control allows the processor to con-tinue where it left off or start with a clean context whenleaving the power-down state.

• The RESET pin also can be used to terminate power-down.

• Power-down acknowledge pin indicates when the proces-sor has entered power-down.

IdleWhen the ADSP-2181 is in the Idle Mode, the processorwaits indefinitely in a low power state until an interruptoccurs. When an unmasked interrupt occurs, it is serviced;execution then continues with the instruction following theIDLE instruction.

Slow IdleThe IDLE instruction is enhanced on the ADSP-2181 to letthe processor’s internal clock signal be slowed, furtherreducing power consumption. The reduced clock fre-quency, a programmable fraction of the normal clock rate,is specified by a selectable divisor given in the IDLE in-struction. The format of the instruction is

IDLE (n);

where n = 16, 32, 64 or 128. This instruction keeps theprocessor fully functional, but operating at the slower clockrate. While it is in this state, the processor’s other internalclock signals, such as SCLK, CLKOUT and timer clock,are reduced by the same ratio. The default form of theinstruction, when no clock divisor is given, is the standardIDLE instruction.

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–6–

When the IDLE (n) instruction is used, it effectively slows downthe processor’s internal clock and thus its response time to in-coming interrupts. The one-cycle response time of the standardidle state is increased by n, the clock divisor. When an enabledinterrupt is received, the ADSP-2181 will remain in the idlestate for up to a maximum of n processor cycles (n = 16, 32, 64or 128) before resuming normal operation.

When the IDLE (n) instruction is used in systems that have anexternally generated serial clock (SCLK), the serial clock ratemay be faster than the processor’s reduced internal clock rate.Under these conditions, interrupts must not be generated at afaster rate than can be serviced, due to the additional time theprocessor takes to come out of the idle state (a maximum of nprocessor cycles).

SYSTEM INTERFACEFigure 2 shows a typical basic system configuration with theADSP-2181, two serial devices, a byte-wide EPROM, and op-tional external program and data overlay memories. Program-mable wait state generation allows the processor to connecteasily to slow peripheral devices. The ADSP-2181 also providesfour external interrupts and two serial ports or six external inter-rupts and one serial port.

1/2x CLOCKOR

CRYSTAL

SERIALDEVICE

SERIALDEVICE

16

A0-A21

DATA

CS

BYTEMEMORY

I/O SPACE(PERIPHERALS)

CS

DATA

ADDR

DATA

ADDR

2048 LOCATIONS

OVERLAYMEMORY

TWO 8KPM SEGMENTS

TWO 8KDM SEGMENTS

D23-0

A13-0

D23-8

A10-0

D15-8

D23-16

A13-014

24

SPORT1

SCLK0RFS0TFS0DT0DR0

SPORT0

IAD15-0

IDMA PORT

FL0-2PF0-7

CLKIN

XTALADDR13-0

DATA23-0

BMS

IOMS

ADSP-2181

RDWR

IRQ2IRQEIRQL0IRQL1

PMSDMSCMS

BRBG

BGHPWD

PWDACK

IRDIWRISIALIACK

SCLK1RFS1 OR IRQ0TFS1 OR IRQ1DT1 OR FODR1 OR FI

SYSTEMINTERFACE

ORmCONTROLLER

Figure 2. ADSP-2181 Basic System Configuration

Clock SignalsThe ADSP-2181 can be clocked by either a crystal or a TTL-compatible clock signal.

The CLKIN input cannot be halted, changed during operationor operated below the specified frequency during normal opera-tion. The only exception is while the processor is in the power-down state. For additional information, refer to Chapter 9,ADSP-2100 Family User’s Manual, Third Edition, for detailedinformation on this power-down feature.

If an external clock is used, it should be a TTL-compatiblesignal running at half the instruction rate. The signal is con-nected to the processor’s CLKIN input. When an external clockis used, the XTAL input must be left unconnected.

The ADSP-2181 uses an input clock with a frequency equal tohalf the instruction rate; a 20.00 MHz input clock yields a 25 nsprocessor cycle (which is equivalent to 40 MHz). Normally,instructions are executed in a single processor cycle. All devicetiming is relative to the internal instruction clock rate, which isindicated by the CLKOUT signal when enabled.

Because the ADSP-2181 includes an on-chip oscillator circuit,an external crystal may be used. The crystal should be connectedacross the CLKIN and XTAL pins, with two capacitors connectedas shown in Figure 3. Capacitor values are dependent on crystaltype and should be specified by the crystal manufacturer. Aparallel-resonant, fundamental frequency, microprocessor-gradecrystal should be used.

A clock output (CLKOUT) signal is generated by the processorat the processor’s cycle rate. This can be enabled and disabledby the CLKODIS bit in the SPORT0 Autobuffer ControlRegister.

CLKIN CLKOUTXTAL

DSP

Figure 3. External Crystal Connections

ResetThe RESET signal initiates a master reset of the ADSP-2181.The RESET signal must be asserted during the power-up se-quence to assure proper initialization. RESET during initialpower-up must be held long enough to allow the internal clockto stabilize. If RESET is activated any time after power-up, theclock continues to run and does not require stabilization time.

The power-up sequence is defined as the total time required forthe crystal oscillator circuit to stabilize after a valid VDD is ap-plied to the processor, and for the internal phase-locked loop(PLL) to lock onto the specific crystal frequency. A minimum of2000 CLKIN cycles ensures that the PLL has locked, but doesnot include the crystal oscillator start-up time. During thispower-up sequence the RESET signal should be held low. Onany subsequent resets, the RESET signal must meet the mini-mum pulse width specification, tRSP.

The RESET input contains some hysteresis; however, if you usean RC circuit to generate your RESET signal, the use of anexternal Schmidt trigger is recommended.

The master reset sets all internal stack pointers to the emptystack condition, masks all interrupts and clears the MSTATregister. When RESET is released, if there is no pending busrequest and the chip is configured for booting (MMAP = 0), theboot-loading sequence is performed. The first instruction isfetched from on-chip program memory location 0x0000 onceboot loading completes.

ADSP-2181

–7–REV. D

Table II.

PMOVLAY Memory A13 A12:0

0 Internal Not Applicable Not Applicable

1 External 0 13 LSBs of AddressOverlay 1 Between 0x2000

and 0x3FFF

2 External 1 13 LSBs of AddressOverlay 2 Between 0x2000

and 0x3FFF

This organization provides for two external 8K overlay segmentsusing only the normal 14 address bits. This allows for simpleprogram overlays using one of the two external segments inplace of the on-chip memory. Care must be taken in using thisoverlay space in that the processor core (i.e., the sequencer)does not take into account the PMOVLAY register value. Forexample, if a loop operation was occurring on one of the exter-nal overlays and the program changes to another external over-lay or internal memory, an incorrect loop operation could occur.In addition, care must be taken in interrupt service routines asthe overlay registers are not automatically saved and restored onthe processor mode stack.

For ADSP-2100 Family compatibility, MMAP = 1 is allowed.In this mode, booting is disabled and overlay memory is dis-abled (PMOVLAY must be 0). Figure 5 shows the memory mapin this configuration.

INTERNAL 8K(PMOVLAY = 0,

MMAP = 1)

0x3FFF

0x20000x1FFF

8K EXTERNAL

0x0000

PROGRAM MEMORY ADDRESS

Figure 5. Program Memory (MMAP = 1)

Data MemoryThe ADSP-2181 has 16,352 16-bit words of internal datamemory. In addition, the ADSP-2181 allows the use of 8Kexternal memory overlays. Figure 6 shows the organization ofthe data memory.

8K INTERNAL(DMOVLAY = 0)

OREXTERNAL 8K

(DMOVLAY = 1, 2)

INTERNAL8160 WORDS

DATA MEMORY ADDRESS

32 MEMORY–MAPPED REGISTERS

0x3FFF

0x3FEO

0x3FDF

0x2000

0x1FFF

0x0000

Figure 6. Data Memory

Memory ArchitectureThe ADSP-2181 provides a variety of memory and peripheralinterface options. The key functional groups are ProgramMemory, Data Memory, Byte Memory and I/O.

Program Memory is a 24-bit-wide space for storing bothinstruction opcodes and data. The ADSP-2181 has 16K wordsof Program Memory RAM on chip and the capability of access-ing up to two 8K external memory overlay spaces using theexternal data bus. Both an instruction opcode and a data valuecan be read from on-chip program memory in a single cycle.

Data Memory is a 16-bit-wide space used for the storage ofdata variables and for memory-mapped control registers. TheADSP-2181 has 16K words on Data Memory RAM on chip,consisting of 16,352 user-accessible locations and 32 memory-mapped registers. Support also exists for up to two 8K externalmemory overlay spaces through the external data bus.

Byte Memory provides access to an 8-bit wide memory spacethrough the Byte DMA (BDMA) port. The Byte Memory inter-face provides access to 4 MBytes of memory by utilizing eightdata lines as additional address lines. This gives the BDMA Portan effective 22-bit address range. On power-up, the DSP canautomatically load bootstrap code from byte memory.

I/O Space allows access to 2048 locations of 16-bit-wide data.It is intended to be used to communicate with parallel periph-eral devices such as data converters and external registers orlatches.

Program MemoryThe ADSP-2181 contains a 16K × 24 on-chip program RAM.The on-chip program memory is designed to allow up to twoaccesses each cycle so that all operations can complete in asingle cycle. In addition, the ADSP-2181 allows the use of 8Kexternal memory overlays.

The program memory space organization is controlled by theMMAP pin and the PMOVLAY register. Normally, the ADSP-2181 is configured with MMAP = 0 and program memory orga-nized as shown in Figure 4.

8K INTERNAL(PMOVLAY = 0,

MMAP = 0)OR

EXTERNAL 8K(PMOVLAY = 1 or 2,

MMAP = 0)

0x3FFF

0x2000

0x1FFF

8K INTERNAL

0x0000

PROGRAM MEMORY ADDRESS

Figure 4. Program Memory (MMAP = 0)

There are 16K words of memory accessible internally when thePMOVLAY register is set to 0. When PMOVLAY is set tosomething other than 0, external accesses occur at addresses0x2000 through 0x3FFF. The external address is generated asshown in Table II.

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–8–

The CMS pin functions like the other memory select signals,with the same timing and bus request logic. A 1 in the enable bitcauses the assertion of the CMS signal at the same time as theselected memory select signal. All enable bits, except the BMSbit, default to 1 at reset.

Byte MemoryThe byte memory space is a bidirectional, 8-bit-wide, externalmemory space used to store programs and data. Byte memory isaccessed using the BDMA feature. The byte memory spaceconsists of 256 pages, each of which is 16K × 8.The byte memory space on the ADSP-2181 supports read andwrite operations as well as four different data formats. The bytememory uses data bits 15:8 for data. The byte memory usesdata bits 23:16 and address bits 13:0 to create a 22-bit address.This allows up to a 4 meg × 8 (32 megabit) ROM or RAM to beused without glue logic. All byte memory accesses are timed bythe BMWAIT register.

Byte Memory DMA (BDMA)The Byte memory DMA controller allows loading and storing ofprogram instructions and data using the byte memory space.The BDMA circuit is able to access the byte memory spacewhile the processor is operating normally, and steals only oneDSP cycle per 8-, 16- or 24-bit word transferred.

The BDMA circuit supports four different data formats whichare selected by the BTYPE register field. The appropriate num-ber of 8-bit accesses are done from the byte memory space tobuild the word size selected. Table V shows the data formatssupported by the BDMA circuit.

Table V.

InternalBTYPE Memory Space Word Size Alignment

00 Program Memory 24 Full Word01 Data Memory 16 Full Word10 Data Memory 8 MSBs11 Data Memory 8 LSBs

Unused bits in the 8-bit data memory formats are filled with 0s.The BIAD register field is used to specify the starting addressfor the on-chip memory involved with the transfer. The 14-bitBEAD register specifies the starting address for the external bytememory space. The 8-bit BMPAGE register specifies the start-ing page for the external byte memory space. The BDIR registerfield selects the direction of the transfer. Finally the 14-bitBWCOUNT register specifies the number of DSP words totransfer and initiates the BDMA circuit transfers.

BDMA accesses can cross page boundaries during sequentialaddressing. A BDMA interrupt is generated on the completionof the number of transfers specified by the BWCOUNT register.The BWCOUNT register is updated after each transfer so it canbe used to check the status of the transfers. When it reacheszero, the transfers have finished and a BDMA interrupt is gener-ated. The BMPAGE and BEAD registers must not be accessedby the DSP during BDMA operations.

The source or destination of a BDMA transfer will always beon-chip program or data memory, regardless of the values ofMMAP, PMOVLAY or DMOVLAY.

There are 16,352 words of memory accessible internally whenthe DMOVLAY register is set to 0. When DMOVLAY is set tosomething other than 0, external accesses occur at addresses0x0000 through 0x1FFF. The external address is generated asshown in Table III.

Table III.

DMOVLAY Memory A13 A12:0

0 Internal Not Applicable Not Applicable

1 External 0 13 LSBs of AddressOverlay 1 Between 0x0000

and 0x1FFF

2 External 1 13 LSBs of AddressOverlay 2 Between 0x0000

and 0x1FFF

This organization allows for two external 8K overlays using onlythe normal 14 address bits.

All internal accesses complete in one cycle. Accesses to externalmemory are timed using the wait states specified by the DWAITregister.

I/O SpaceThe ADSP-2181 supports an additional external memory spacecalled I/O space. This space is designed to support simple con-nections to peripherals or to bus interface ASIC data registers.I/O space supports 2048 locations. The lower eleven bits of theexternal address bus are used; the upper three bits are unde-fined. Two instructions were added to the core ADSP-2100Family instruction set to read from and write to I/O memoryspace. The I/O space also has four dedicated 3-bit wait stateregisters, IOWAIT0-3, which specify up to seven wait states tobe automatically generated for each of four regions. The waitstates act on address ranges as shown in Table IV.

Table IV.

Address Range Wait State Register

0x000–0x1FF IOWAIT00x200–0x3FF IOWAIT10x400–0x5FF IOWAIT20x600–0x7FF IOWAIT3

Composite Memory Select (CMS)The ADSP-2181 has a programmable memory select signal thatis useful for generating memory select signals for memoriesmapped to more than one space. The CMS signal is generatedto have the same timing as each of the individual memory selectsignals (PMS, DMS, BMS, IOMS) but can combine theirfunctionality.

When set, each bit in the CMSSEL register, causes the CMSsignal to be asserted when the selected memory select is as-serted. For example, to use a 32K word memory to act as bothprogram and data memory, set the PMS and DMS bits in theCMSSEL register and use the CMS pin to drive the chip selectof the memory; use either DMS or PMS as the additionaladdress bit.

ADSP-2181

–9–REV. D

Table VI. Boot Summary Table

MMAP BMODE Booting Method

0 0 BDMA feature is used in default modeto load the first 32 program memorywords from the byte memory space.Program execution is held off until all32 words have been loaded.

0 1 IDMA feature is used to load any inter-nal memory as desired. Program execu-tion is held off until internal programmemory location 0 is written to.

1 X Bootstrap features disabled. Programexecution immediately starts fromlocation 0.

BDMA BootingWhen the BMODE and MMAP pins specify BDMA booting(MMAP = 0, BMODE = 0), the ADSP-2181 initiates a BDMAboot sequence when reset is released. The BDMA interface isset up during reset to the following defaults when BDMA boot-ing is specified: the BDIR, BMPAGE, BIAD and BEAD regis-ters are set to 0, the BTYPE register is set to 0 to specifyprogram memory 24 bit words, and the BWCOUNT register isset to 32. This causes 32 words of on-chip program memory tobe loaded from byte memory. These 32 words are used to set upthe BDMA to load in the remaining program code. The BCRbit is also set to 1, which causes program execution to be heldoff until all 32 words are loaded into on-chip program memory.Execution then begins at address 0.

The ADSP-2100 Family Development Software (Revision 5.02and later) fully supports the BDMA booting feature and cangenerate byte memory space compatible boot code.

The IDLE instruction can also be used to allow the processor tohold off execution while booting continues through the BDMAinterface.

IDMA BootingThe ADSP-2181 can also boot programs through its InternalDMA port. If BMODE = 1 and MMAP = 0, the ADSP-2181boots from the IDMA port. IDMA feature can load as much on-chip memory as desired. Program execution is held off until on-chip program memory location 0 is written to.

The ADSP-2100 Family Development Software (Revision 5.02and later) can generate IDMA compatible boot code.

Bus Request and Bus GrantThe ADSP-2181 can relinquish control of the data and addressbuses to an external device. When the external device requiresaccess to memory, it asserts the bus request (BR) signal. If theADSP-2181 is not performing an external memory access, thenit responds to the active BR input in the following processorcycle by:

• three-stating the data and address buses and the PMS, DMS,BMS, CMS, IOMS, RD, WR output drivers,

• asserting the bus grant (BG) signal, and

• halting program execution.

When the BWCOUNT register is written with a nonzero value,the BDMA circuit starts executing byte memory accesses withwait states set by BMWAIT. These accesses continue until thecount reaches zero. When enough accesses have occurred tocreate a destination word, it is transferred to or from on-chipmemory. The transfer takes one DSP cycle. DSP accesses toexternal memory have priority over BDMA byte memory ac-cesses.

The BDMA Context Reset bit (BCR) controls whether theprocessor is held off while the BDMA accesses are occurring.Setting the BCR bit to 0 allows the processor to continue opera-tions. Setting the BCR bit to 1 causes the processor to stopexecution while the BDMA accesses are occurring, to clear thecontext of the processor and start execution at address 0 whenthe BDMA accesses have completed.

Internal Memory DMA Port (IDMA Port)The IDMA Port provides an efficient means of communicationbetween a host system and the ADSP-2181. The port is used toaccess the on-chip program memory and data memory of theDSP with only one DSP cycle per word overhead. The IDMAport cannot, however, be used to write to the DSP’s memory-mapped control registers.

The IDMA port has a 16-bit multiplexed address and data busand supports 24-bit program memory. The IDMA port iscompletely asynchronous and can be written to while theADSP-2181 is operating at full speed.

The DSP memory address is latched and then automaticallyincremented after each IDMA transaction. An external devicecan therefore access a block of sequentially addressed memoryby specifying only the starting address of the block. This in-creases throughput as the address does not have to be sent foreach memory access.

IDMA Port access occurs in two phases. The first is the IDMAAddress Latch cycle. When the acknowledge is asserted, a 14-bit address and 1-bit destination type can be driven onto the busby an external device. The address specifies an on-chip memorylocation; the destination type specifies whether it is a DM orPM access. The falling edge of the address latch signal latchesthis value into the IDMAA register.

Once the address is stored, data can either be read from orwritten to the ADSP-2181’s on-chip memory. Asserting theselect line (IS) and the appropriate read or write line (IRD andIWR respectively) signals the ADSP-2181 that a particulartransaction is required. In either case, there is a one-processor-cycle delay for synchronization. The memory access consumesone additional processor cycle.

Once an access has occurred, the latched address is automati-cally incremented and another access can occur.

Through the IDMAA register, the DSP can also specify thestarting address and data format for DMA operation.

Bootstrap Loading (Booting)The ADSP-2181 has two mechanisms to allow automatic load-ing of the on-chip program memory after reset. The method forbooting after reset is controlled by the MMAP and BMODEpins as shown in Table VI.

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–10–

If Go Mode is enabled, the ADSP-2181 will not halt programexecution until it encounters an instruction that requires anexternal memory access.

If the ADSP-2181 is performing an external memory accesswhen the external device asserts the BR signal, then it will notthree-state the memory interfaces or assert the BG signal untilthe processor cycle after the access completes. The instructiondoes not need to be completed when the bus is granted. If asingle instruction requires two external memory accesses, thebus will be granted between the two accesses.

When the BR signal is released, the processor releases the BGsignal, reenables the output drivers and continues programexecution from the point where it stopped.

The bus request feature operates at all times, including whenthe processor is booting and when RESET is active.

The BGH pin is asserted when the ADSP-2181 is ready toexecute an instruction, but is stopped because the external busis already granted to another device. The other device can re-lease the bus by deasserting bus request. Once the bus is re-leased, the ADSP-2181 deasserts BG and BGH and executesthe external memory access.

Flag I/O PinsThe ADSP-2181 has eight general purpose programmable in-put/output flag pins. They are controlled by two memorymapped registers. The PFTYPE register determines the direc-tion, 1 = output and 0 = input. The PFDATA register is used toread and write the values on the pins. Data being read from apin configured as an input is synchronized to the ADSP-2181’sclock. Bits that are programmed as outputs will read the valuebeing output. The PF pins default to input during reset.

In addition to the programmable flags, the ADSP-2181 hasfive fixed-mode flags, FLAG_IN, FLAG_OUT, FL0, FL1 andFL2. FL0-FL2 are dedicated output flags. FLAG_IN andFLAG_OUT are available as an alternate configuration ofSPORT1.

INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONThe ADSP-2181 assembly language instruction set has analgebraic syntax that was designed for ease of coding and read-ability. The assembly language, which takes full advantage of theprocessor’s unique architecture, offers the following benefits:

• The algebraic syntax eliminates the need to remember crypticassembler mnemonics. For example, a typical arithmetic addinstruction, such as AR = AX0 + AY0, resembles a simpleequation.

• Every instruction assembles into a single, 24-bit word that canexecute in a single instruction cycle.

• The syntax is a superset ADSP-2100 Family assembly lan-guage and is completely source and object code compatiblewith other family members. Programs may need to be relo-cated to utilize on-chip memory and conform to the ADSP-2181’s interrupt vector and reset vector map.

• Sixteen condition codes are available. For conditional jump,call, return or arithmetic instructions, the condition can bechecked and the operation executed in the same instructioncycle.

• Multifunction instructions allow parallel execution of anarithmetic instruction with up to two fetches or one write toprocessor memory space during a single instruction cycle.

DESIGNING AN EZ-ICE-COMPATIBLE SYSTEMThe ADSP-2181 has on-chip emulation support and an ICE-Port, a special set of pins that interface to the EZ-ICE. Thesefeatures allow in-circuit emulation without replacing the targetsystem processor by using only a 14-pin connection from thetarget system to the EZ-ICE. Target systems must have a 14-pinconnector to accept the EZ-ICE ’s in-circuit probe, a 14-pin plug.

The ICE-Port interface consists of the following ADSP-2181 pins:

EBR EMS ELINEBG EINT ELOUTERESET ECLK EE

These ADSP-2181 pins must be connected only to the EZ-ICEconnector in the target system. These pins have no functionexcept during emulation, and do not require pull-up or pull-down resistors. The traces for these signals between the ADSP-2181 and the connector must be kept as short as possible, nolonger than three inches.

The following pins are also used by the EZ-ICE:

BR BGGND RESET

The EZ-ICE uses the EE (emulator enable) signal to take con-trol of the ADSP-2181 in the target system. This causes theprocessor to use its ERESET, EBR and EBG pins instead of theRESET, BR and BG pins. The BG output is three-stated.These signals do not need to be jumper-isolated in your system.

The EZ-ICE connects to the target system via a ribbon cableand a 14-pin female plug. The ribbon cable is 10 inches inlength with one end fixed to the EZ-ICE. The female plug isplugged onto the 14-pin connector (a pin strip header) on thetarget board.

Target Board Connector for EZ-ICE ProbeThe EZ-ICE connector (a standard pin strip header) is shown inFigure 7. You must add this connector to your target boarddesign if you intend to use the EZ-ICE. Be sure to allow enoughroom in your system to fit the EZ-ICE probe onto the 14-pinconnector.

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13 14

GND

KEY (NO PIN)

RESET

BR

BG

TOP VIEW

EBG

EBR

ELOUT

EE

EINT

ELIN

ECLK

EMS

ERESET

Figure 7. Target Board Connector for EZ-ICE

ADSP-2181

–11–REV. D

The 14-pin, 2-row pin strip header is keyed at the Pin 7 loca-tion—you must remove Pin 7 from the header. The pins mustbe 0.025 inch square and at least 0.20 inch in length. Pin spac-ing should be 0.1 x 0.1 inches. The pin strip header must haveat least 0.15 inch clearance on all sides to accept the EZ-ICEprobe plug. Pin strip headers are available from vendors such as3M, McKenzie and Samtec.

Target Memory InterfaceFor your target system to be compatible with the EZ-ICE emu-lator, it must comply with the memory interface guidelines listedbelow.

PM, DM, BM, IOM and CMDesign your Program Memory (PM), Data Memory (DM),Byte Memory (BM), I/O Memory (IOM) and CompositeMemory (CM) external interfaces to comply with worst casedevice timing requirements and switching characteristics asspecified in the DSP’s data sheet. The performance of theEZ-ICE may approach published worst case specification forsome memory access timing requirements and switchingcharacteristics.

Note: If your target does not meet the worst case chip specifica-tion for memory access parameters, you may not be able toemulate your circuitry at the desired CLKIN frequency. De-pending on the severity of the specification violation, you mayhave trouble manufacturing your system as DSP componentsstatistically vary in switching characteristic and timing require-ments within published limits.

Restriction: All memory strobe signals on the ADSP-2181(RD, WR, PMS, DMS, BMS, CMS and IOMS) used in yourtarget system must have 10 kΩ pull-up resistors connected whenthe EZ-ICE is being used. The pull-up resistors are necessarybecause there are no internal pull-ups to guarantee their stateduring prolonged three-state conditions resulting from typicalEZ-ICE debugging sessions. These resistors may be removed atyour option when the EZ-ICE is not being used.

Target System Interface SignalsWhen the EZ-ICE board is installed, the performance on somesystem signals changes. Design your system to be compatiblewith the following system interface signal changes introduced bythe EZ-ICE board:

• EZ-ICE emulation introduces an 8 ns propagation delay be-tween your target circuitry and the DSP on the RESETsignal.

• EZ-ICE emulation introduces an 8 ns propagation delay be-tween your target circuitry and the DSP on the BR signal.

• EZ-ICE emulation ignores RESET and BR when single-stepping.

• EZ-ICE emulation ignores RESET and BR when in EmulatorSpace (DSP halted).

• EZ-ICE emulation ignores the state of target BR in certainmodes. As a result, the target system may take control of theDSP’s external memory bus only if bus grant (BG) is assertedby the EZ-ICE board’s DSP.

Target Architecture FileThe EZ-ICE software lets you load your program in its linked(executable) form. The EZ-ICE PC program can not load sec-tions of your executable located in boot pages (by the linker).With the exception of boot page 0 (loaded into PM RAM), allsections of your executable mapped into boot pages are notloaded.

Write your target architecture file to indicate that only PMRAM is available for program storage, when using the EZ-ICEsoftware’s loading feature. Data can be loaded to PM RAM orDM RAM.

ADSP-2181–SPECIFICATIONSRECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

K Grade B GradeParameter Min Max Min Max Unit

VDD Supply Voltage 4.5 5.5 4.5 5.5 VTAMB Ambient Operating Temperature 0 +70 –40 +85 °C

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS K/B Grades

Parameter Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

VIH Hi-Level Input Voltage1, 2 @ VDD = max 2.0 VVIH Hi-Level CLKIN Voltage @ VDD = max 2.2 VVIL Lo-Level Input Voltage1, 3 @ VDD = min 0.8 VVOH Hi-Level Output Voltage1, 4, 5 @ VDD = min

IOH = –0.5 mA 2.4 V@ VDD = minIOH = –100 µA6 VDD – 0.3 V

VOL Lo-Level Output Voltage1, 4, 5 @ VDD = minIOL = 2 mA 0.4 V

IIH Hi-Level Input Current3 @ VDD = maxVIN = VDDmax 10 µA

IIL Lo-Level Input Current3 @ VDD = maxVIN = 0 V 10 µA

IOZH Three-State Leakage Current7 @ VDD = maxVIN = VDDmax8 10 µA

IOZL Three-State Leakage Current7 @ VDD = maxVIN = 0 V8 10 µA

IDD Supply Current (Idle)9 @ VDD = 5.0TAMB = +25°CtCK = 34.7 ns 12 mAtCK = 30 ns 13 mAtCK = 25 ns 15 mA

IDD Supply Current (Dynamic)10 @ VDD = 5.0TAMB = +25°CtCK = 34.7 ns11 65 mAtCK = 30 ns11 73 mAtCK = 25 ns11 85 mA

CI Input Pin Capacitance3, 6, 12 @ VIN = 2.5 V,fIN = 1.0 MHz,TAMB = +25°C 8 pF

CO Output Pin Capacitance6, 7, 12, 13 @ VIN = 2.5 V,fIN = 1.0 MHz,TAMB = +25°C 8 pF

NOTES1Bidirectional pins: D0–D23, RFS0, RFS1, SCLK0, SCLK1, TFS0, TFS1, A1–A13, PF0–PF7.2Input only pins: RESET, BR, DR0, DR1, PWD.3Input only pins: CLKIN, RESET, BR, DR0, DR1, PWD.4Output pins: BG, PMS, DMS, BMS, IOMS, CMS, RD, WR, PWDACK, A0, DT0, DT1, CLKOUT, FL2-0, BGH.5Although specified for TTL outputs, all ADSP-2186 outputs are CMOS-compatible and will drive to V DD and GND, assuming no dc loads.6Guaranteed but not tested.7Three-statable pins: A0–A13, D0–D23, PMS, DMS, BMS, IOMS, CMS, RD, WR, DT0, DT1, SCLK0, SCLK1, TFS0, TFS1, RFS0, RSF1, PF0–PF7.80 V on BR, CLKIN Inactive.9Idle refers to ADSP-2181 state of operation during execution of IDLE instruction. Deasserted pins are driven to either V DD or GND.

10IDD measurement taken with all instructions executing from internal memory. 50% of the instructions are multifunction (types 1, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14), 30% are type 2and type 6, and 20% are idle instructions.

11VIN = 0 V and 3 V. For typical figures for supply currents, refer to Power Dissipation section.12Applies to TQFP and PQFP package types.13Output pin capacitance is the capacitive load for any three-stated output pin.

Specifications subject to change without notice.

–12– REV. D

ADSP-2181

–13–REV. D

ESD SENSITIVITYThe ADSP-2181 is an ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges readilyaccumulate on the human body and equipment and can discharge without detection. Permanentdamage may occur to devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges.

The ADSP-2181 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry to dissipate high energy discharges(Human Body Model). Per method 3015 of MIL-STD-883, the ADSP-2181 has been classified asa Class 1 device.

Proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of function-ality. Unused devices must be stored in conductive foam or shunts, and the foam should bedischarged to the destination before devices are removed.

TIMING PARAMETERSGENERAL NOTESUse the exact timing information given. Do not attempt toderive parameters from the addition or subtraction of others.While addition or subtraction would yield meaningful results foran individual device, the values given in this data sheet reflectstatistical variations and worst cases. Consequently, you cannotmeaningfully add up parameters to derive longer times.

TIMING NOTESSwitching Characteristics specify how the processor changes itssignals. You have no control over this timing—circuitry externalto the processor must be designed for compatibility with thesesignal characteristics. Switching characteristics tell you what theprocessor will do in a given circumstance. You can also use switch-ing characteristics to ensure that any timing requirement of adevice connected to the processor (such as memory) is satisfied.

Timing Requirements apply to signals that are controlled by cir-cuitry external to the processor, such as the data input for a readoperation. Timing requirements guarantee that the processoroperates correctly with other devices.

MEMORY TIMING SPECIFICATIONSThe table below shows common memory device specificationsand the corresponding ADSP-2181 timing parameters, for yourconvenience.

Memory ADSP-2181 TimingDevice Timing ParameterSpecification Parameter Definition

Address Setup to tASW A0–A13, xMS Setup beforeWrite Start WR Low

Address Setup to tAW A0–A13, xMS Setup beforeWrite End WR Deasserted

Address Hold Time tWRA A0–A13, xMS Hold afterWR Deasserted

Data Setup Time tDW Data Setup before WRHigh

Data Hold Time tDH Data Hold after WR HighOE to Data Valid tRDD RD Low to Data ValidAddress Access Time tAA A0–A13, xMS to Data Valid

xMS = PMS, DMS, BMS, CMS, IOMS.

FREQUENCY DEPENDENCY FOR TIMINGSPECIFICATIONStCK is defined as 0.5tCKI. The ADSP-2181 uses an input clockwith a frequency equal to half the instruction rate: a 16.67 MHzinput clock (which is equivalent to 60 ns) yields a 30 ns proces-sor cycle (equivalent to 33 MHz). tCK values within the range of0.5tCKI period should be substituted for all relevant timing pa-rameters to obtain the specification value.

Example: tCKH = 0.5tCK – 7 ns = 0.5 (25 ns) – 7 ns = 8 ns

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*

Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 VInput Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 VOutput Voltage Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 VOperating Temperature Range (Ambient) . . . . –40°C to +85°CStorage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°CLead Temperature (5 sec) TQFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +280°CLead Temperature (5 sec) PQFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +280°C*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma-

nent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only; functional operation ofthe device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operationalsections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratingconditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

WARNING!

ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–14–

Parameter Min Max Unit

Clock Signals and Reset

Timing Requirements:tCKI CLKIN Period 50 150 nstCKIL CLKIN Width Low 20 nstCKIH CLKIN Width High 20 ns

Switching Characteristics:tCKL CLKOUT Width Low 0.5tCK – 7 nstCKH CLKOUT Width High 0.5tCK – 7 nstCKOH CLKIN High to CLKOUT High 0 20 ns

Control Signals

Timing Requirement:tRSP RESET Width Low 5tCK1 ns

NOTE1Applies after power-up sequence is complete. Internal phase lock loop requires no more than 2000 CLKIN cycles assuming stable CLKIN (not including crystaloscillator start-up time).

tCKOH

tCKI

tCKIH

tCKIL

tCKH

tCKL

tMHtMS

CLKIN

CLKOUT

PF(2:0)*

RESET

*PF2 IS MODE C, PF1 IS MODE B, PF0 IS MODE A

Figure 8. Clock Signals

ADSP-2181

–15–REV. D

Parameter Min Max Unit

Interrupts and Flag

Timing Requirements:tIFS IRQx, FI, or PFx Setup before CLKOUT Low1, 2, 3, 4 0.25tCK + 15 nstIFH IRQx, FI, or PFx Hold after CLKOUT High1, 2, 3, 4 0.25tCK ns

Switching Characteristics:tFOH Flag Output Hold after CLKOUT Low5 0.5tCK – 7 nstFOD Flag Output Delay from CLKOUT Low5 0.5tCK + 5 ns

NOTES1If IRQx and FI inputs meet tIFS and tIFH setup/hold requirements, they will be recognized during the current clock cycle; otherwise the signals will be recognized onthe following cycle. (Refer to “Interrupt Controller Operation” in the Program Control chapter of the User’s Manual for further information on interrupt servicing.)

2Edge-sensitive interrupts require pulsewidths greater than 10 ns; level-sensitive interrupts must be held low until serviced.3IRQx = IRQ0, IRQ1, IRQ2, IRQL0, IRQL1, IRQE.4PFx = PF0, PF1, PF2, PF3, PF4, PF5, PF6, PF7.5Flag outputs = PFx, FL0, FL1, FL2, Flag_out4.

tFOD

tFOH

tIFH

tIFS

CLKOUT

FLAGOUTPUTS

IRQxFI

PFx

Figure 9. Interrupts and Flags

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–16–

Parameter Min Max Unit

Bus Request/Grant

Timing Requirements:tBH BR Hold after CLKOUT High1 0.25tCK + 2 nstBS BR Setup before CLKOUT Low1 0.25tCK + 17 ns

Switching Characteristics:tSD CLKOUT High to xMS, 0.25tCK + 10 ns

RD, WR DisabletSDB xMS, RD, WR

Disable to BG Low 0 nstSE BG High to xMS,

RD, WR Enable 0 nstSEC xMS, RD, WR

Enable to CLKOUT High 0.25tCK – 4 nstSDBH xMS, RD, WR

Disable to BGH Low2 0 nstSEH BGH High to xMS,

RD, WR Enable2 0 ns

NOTESxMS = PMS, DMS, CMS, IOMS, BMS.1BR is an asynchronous signal. If BR meets the setup/hold requirements, it will be recognized during the current clock cycle; otherwise the signal will be recognized onthe following cycle. Refer to the ADSP-2100 Family User’s Manual, Third Edition for BR/BG cycle relationships.

2BGH is asserted when the bus is granted and the processor requires control of the bus to continue.

CLKOUT

tSD

tSDBtSE

tSEC

tSDBHtSEH

tBS

BR

tBH

CLKOUT

PMS, DMSBMS, RD

WR

BG

BGH

Figure 10. Bus Request–Bus Grant

ADSP-2181

–17–REV. D

Parameter Min Max Unit

Memory Read

Timing Requirements:tRDD RD Low to Data Valid 0.5tCK – 9 + w nstAA A0–A13, xMS to Data Valid 0.75tCK – 10.5 + w nstRDH Data Hold from RD High 0 ns

Switching Characteristics:tRP RD Pulsewidth 0.5tCK – 5 + w nstCRD CLKOUT High to RD Low 0.25tCK – 5 0.25tCK + 7 nstASR A0–A13, xMS Setup before RD Low 0.25tCK – 4 nstRDA A0–A13, xMS Hold after RD Deasserted 0.25tCK – 3 nstRWR RD High to RD or WR Low 0.5tCK – 5 ns

w = wait states × tCK.xMS = PMS, DMS, CMS, IOMS, BMS.

CLKOUT

A0–A13

D

tRDA

tRWRtRPtASR

tCRD

tRDDtAA

tRDH

DMS, PMS,BMS, IOMS,

CMS

RD

WR

Figure 11. Memory Read

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–18–

Parameter Min Max Unit

Memory Write

Switching Characteristics:tDW Data Setup before WR High 0.5tCK – 7 + w nstDH Data Hold after WR High 0.25tCK – 2 nstWP WR Pulsewidth 0.5tCK – 5 + w nstWDE WR Low to Data Enabled 0 nstASW A0–A13, xMS Setup before WR Low 0.25tCK – 4 nstDDR Data Disable before WR or RD Low 0.25tCK – 4 nstCWR CLKOUT High to WR Low 0.25tCK – 5 0.25 tCK + 7 nstAW A0–A13, xMS, Setup before WR Deasserted 0.75tCK – 9 + w nstWRA A0–A13, xMS Hold after WR Deasserted 0.25tCK – 3 nstWWR WR High to RD or WR Low 0.5tCK – 5 ns

w = wait states × tCK.xMS = PMS, DMS, CMS, IOMS, BMS.

CLKOUT

A0–A13

D

tWPtAW

tCWRtDH

tWDEtDW

tASW tWWR

tWRA

tDDR

DMS, PMS,BMS, CMS,

IOMS

RD

WR

Figure 12. Memory Write

ADSP-2181

–19–REV. D

Parameter Min Max Unit

Serial Ports

Timing Requirements:tSCK SCLK Period 50 nstSCS DR/TFS/RFS Setup before SCLK Low 4 nstSCH DR/TFS/RFS Hold after SCLK Low 7 nstSCP SCLKIN Width 20 ns

Switching Characteristics:tCC CLKOUT High to SCLKOUT 0.25tCK 0.25tCK + 10 nstSCDE SCLK High to DT Enable 0 nstSCDV SCLK High to DT Valid 15 nstRH TFS/RFSOUT Hold after SCLK High 0 nstRD TFS/RFSOUT Delay from SCLK High 15 nstSCDH DT Hold after SCLK High 0 nstTDE TFS (Alt) to DT Enable 0 nstTDV TFS (Alt) to DT Valid 14 nstSCDD SCLK High to DT Disable 15 nstRDV RFS (Multichannel, Frame Delay Zero) to DT Valid 15 ns

CLKOUT

SCLK

TFSOUT

RFSOUT

DT

ALTERNATEFRAME MODE

tCC tCC

tSCS tSCH

tRH

tSCDEtSCDH

tSCDD

tTDE

tRDV

MULTICHANNEL MODE,FRAME DELAY 0

(MFD = 0)

DRTFSINRFSIN

RFSOUTTFSOUT

tTDV

tSCDV

tRD

tSCP

tSCK

tSCP

TFSIN

RFSIN

ALTERNATEFRAME MODE

tRDV

MULTICHANNEL MODE,FRAME DELAY 0

(MFD = 0)

tTDVtTDE

Figure 13. Serial Ports

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–20–

Parameter Min Max Unit

IDMA Address Latch

Timing Requirements:tIALP Duration of Address Latch1, 2 10 nstIASU IAD15–0 Address Setup before Address Latch End2 5 nstIAH IAD15–0 Address Hold after Address Latch End2 2 nstIKA IACK Low before Start of Address Latch1 0 nstIALS Start of Write or Read after Address Latch End2, 3 3 ns

NOTES1Start of Address Latch = IS Low and IAL High.2End of Address Latch = IS High or IAL Low.3Start of Write or Read = IS Low and IWR Low or IRD Low.

tIKA

IAD15–0

IACK

IAL

IS

IRDIWROR

tIALP

tIASU tIAH

tIALS

Figure 14. IDMA Address Latch

ADSP-2181

–21–REV. D

Parameter Min Max Unit

IDMA Write, Short Write Cycle

Timing Requirements:tIKW IACK Low before Start of Write1 0 nstIWP Duration of Write1, 2 15 nstIDSU IAD15–0 Data Setup before End of Write2, 3, 4 5 nstIDH IAD15–0 Data Hold after End of Write2, 3, 4 2 ns

Switching Characteristic:tIKHW Start of Write to IACK High 15 ns

NOTES1Start of Write = IS Low and IWR Low.2End of Write = IS High or IWR High.3If Write Pulse ends before IACK Low, use specifications tIDSU, tIDH.4If Write Pulse ends after IACK Low, use specifications t IKSU, tIKH.

IAD15–0 DATA

tIKHW

tIKW

tIDSU

IACK

tIWP

tIDH

IS

IWR

Figure 15. IDMA Write, Short Write Cycle

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–22–

Parameter Min Max Unit

IDMA Write, Long Write Cycle

Timing Requirements:tIKW IACK Low before Start of Write1 0 nstIKSU IAD15–0 Data Setup before IACK Low2, 3 0.5tCK + 10 nstIKH IAD15–0 Data Hold after IACK Low2, 3 2 ns

Switching Characteristics:tIKLW Start of Write to IACK Low4 1.5tCK nstIKHW Start of Write to IACK High 15 ns

NOTES1Start of Write = IS Low and IWR Low.2If Write Pulse ends before IACK Low, use specifications tIDSU, tIDH.3If Write Pulse ends after IACK Low, use specifications t IKSU, tIKH.4This is the earliest time for IACK Low from Start of Write. For IDMA Write cycle relationships, please refer to the User’s Manual.

IAD15–0 DATA

tIKHW

tIKW

IACK

IS

IWR

tIKLW

tIKHtIKSU

Figure 16. IDMA Write, Long Write Cycle

ADSP-2181

–23–REV. D

Parameter Min Max Unit

IDMA Read, Long Read Cycle

Timing Requirements:tIKR IACK Low before Start of Read1 0 nstIRP Duration of Read 15 ns

Switching Characteristics:tIKHR IACK High after Start of Read1 15 nstIKDS IAD15–0 Data Setup before IACK Low 0.5tCK – 10 nstIKDH IAD15–0 Data Hold after End of Read2 0 nstIKDD IAD15–0 Data Disabled after End of Read2 12 nstIRDE IAD15–0 Previous Data Enabled after Start of Read 0 nstIRDV IAD15–0 Previous Data Valid after Start of Read 15 nstIRDH1 IAD15–0 Previous Data Hold after Start of Read (DM/PM1)3 2tCK – 5 nstIRDH2 IAD15–0 Previous Data Hold after Start of Read (PM2)4 tCK – 5 ns

NOTES1Start of Read = IS Low and IRD Low.2End of Read = IS High or IRD High.3DM read or first half of PM read.4Second half of PM read.

tIRP

tIKR

PREVIOUSDATA

READDATA

tIKHR

tIKDS

tIRDV

tIRDH

tIKDD

tIRDE tIKDH

IAD15–0

IACK

IS

IRD

Figure 17. IDMA Read, Long Read Cycle

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–24–

Parameter Min Max Unit

IDMA Read, Short Read Cycle

Timing Requirements:tIKR IACK Low before Start of Read1 0 nstIRP Duration of Read 15 ns

Switching Characteristics:tIKHR IACK High after Start of Read1 15 nstIKDH IAD15–0 Data Hold after End of Read2 0 nstIKDD IAD15–0 Data Disabled after End of Read2 12 nstIRDE IAD15–0 Previous Data Enabled after Start of Read 0 nstIRDV IAD15–0 Previous Data Valid after Start of Read 15 ns

NOTES1Start of Read = IS Low and IRD Low.2End of Read = IS High or IRD High.

tIRP

tIKR

PREVIOUSDATA

tIKHR

tIRDV tIKDD

tIRDEtIKDH

IAD15–0

IACK

IS

IRD

Figure 18. IDMA Read, Short Read Cycle

ADSP-2181

–25–REV. D

OUTPUT DRIVE CURRENTSFigure 19 shows typical I-V characteristics for the output driversof the ADSP-2181. The curves represent the current drivecapability of the output drivers as a function of output voltage.

SOURCE VOLTAGE – Volts

SO

UR

CE

CU

RR

EN

T –

mA

120

–800 1 62 3 4 5

100

0

–20

–40

–60

80

60

20

40

5.5V, –408C

5.0V, +258C

4.5V, +858C

4.5V, +858C

5.0V, +258C5.5V, –408C

Figure 19. Typical Drive Currents

POWER DISSIPATIONTo determine total power dissipation in a specific application,the following equation should be applied for each output:

C × VDD2 × f

C = load capacitance, f = output switching frequency.

Example:In an application where external data memory is used and noother outputs are active, power dissipation is calculated asfollows:Assumptions:

• External data memory is accessed every cycle with 50% of theaddress pins switching.

• External data memory writes occur every other cycle with50% of the data pins switching.

• Each address and data pin has a 10 pF total load at the pin.• The application operates at VDD = 5.0 V and tCK = 30 ns.

Total Power Dissipation = PINT + (C × VDD2 × f )PINT = internal power dissipation from Power vs. Frequencygraph (Figure 20).

TEMPERATURE – °C

1000

1

100

10

CU

RR

EN

T (

LOG

SC

ALE

) –

mA

5 8515 25 35 45 55 65 75–5

VDD = 5.5VVDD = 5.0VVDD = 4.5V

NOTES:1. REFLECTS ADSP-2181 OPERATION IN LOWEST POWER MODE. (SEE “SYSTEM INTERFACE" CHAPTER OF THE ADSP-2100 FAMILY USER'S MANUAL, THIRD EDITION, FOR DETAILS.)2. CURRENT REFLECTS DEVICE OPERATING WITH NO OUTPUT LOADS.

Figure 20. Power-Down Supply Current (Typical)

(C × VDD2 × f ) is calculated for each output:

# ofPins × C × VDD2 × f

Address, DMS 8 × 10 pF × 52 V × 33.3 MHz = 66.6 mWData Output, WR 9 × 10 pF × 52 V × 16.67 MHz = 37.5 mWRD 1 × 10 pF × 52 V × 16.67 MHz = 4.2 mWCLKOUT 1 × 10 pF × 52 V × 33.3 MHz = 8.3 mW

116.6 mW

Total power dissipation for this example is PINT + 116.6 mW.

1/tCK – MHz

PO

WE

R (

PIN

T)

– m

W

22030 32 4234 36 38 40

420

370

320

270

570

470

520

2181 POWER, INTERNAL1, 3, 4

VDD = 5.5V

VDD = 5.0V

VDD = 4.5V

410mW

325mW

250mW

550mW

425mW

330mW

28

PO

WE

R (

PID

LE)

– m

W

1/tCK – MHz

100

40

30 32 4234 36 38 40

70

60

50

90

80

30

POWER, IDLE1, 2, 3

VDD = 5.5V

VDD = 5.0V

VDD = 4.5V

77mW

60mW

45mW

95mW

75mW

54mW

28

1/tCK – MHz

PO

WE

R (

PID

LEn)

– m

W

80

3030 32 4234 36 38 40

75

50

45

40

35

70

65

55

60

POWER, IDLE n MODES3

IDLE

IDLE (16)IDLE (128)

60mW

35mW

34mW

39mW

37mW

75mW

28

VALID FOR ALL TEMPERATURE GRADES.

4IDD MEASUREMENT TAKEN WITH ALL INSTRUCTIONS EXECUTING FROM INTERNAL MEMORY. 50% OF THE INSTRUCTIONS ARE MULTIFUNCTION (TYPES 1, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14), 30% ARE TYPE 2 AND TYPE 6 AND 20% ARE IDLE INSTRUCTIONS.

3TYPICAL POWER DISSIPATION AT 5.0V V DD AND 258C EXCEPT WHERE SPECIFIED.

2IDLE REFERS TO ADSP-2181 STATE OF OPERATION DURING EXECUTION OF IDLE

1POWER REFLECTS DEVICE OPERATING WITH NO OUTPUT LOADS.

INSTRUCTION. DEASSERTED PINS ARE DRIVEN TO EITHER VDD OR GND.

Figure 21. Power vs. Frequency

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–26–

CAPACITIVE LOADINGFigures 22 and 23 show the capacitive loading characteristics ofthe ADSP-2181.

CL – pF

RIS

E T

IME

(0.

4V–

2.4V

) –

ns

0 50 100 150 200 250

25

15

10

5

0

20

Figure 22. Range of Output Rise Time vs. Load Capaci-tance, CL (at Maximum Ambient Operating Temperature)

CL – pF

14

0

VA

LID

OU

TP

UT

DE

LAY

OR

HO

LD –

ns

50 100 150 250200

12

4

2

–2

10

8

16

6

–4

0

Figure 23. Range of Output Valid Delay or Hold vs. LoadCapacitance, CL (at Maximum Ambient OperatingTemperature)

TEST CONDITIONSOutput Disable TimeOutput pins are considered to be disabled when they havestopped driving and started a transition from the measuredoutput high or low voltage to a high impedance state. The out-put disable time (tDIS) is the difference of tMEASURED and tDECAY,as shown in the Output Enable/Disable diagram. The time is theinterval from when a reference signal reaches a high or low volt-age level to when the output voltages have changed by 0.5 Vfrom the measured output high or low voltage. The decay time,tDECAY, is dependent on the capacitive load, CL, and the currentload, iL, on the output pin. It can be approximated by the fol-lowing equation:

tDECAY =

CL × 0.5ViL

from which

tDIS = tMEASURED – tDECAY

is calculated. If multiple pins (such as the data bus) are dis-abled, the measurement value is that of the last pin to stopdriving.

1.5VINPUT

OROUTPUT

1.5V

Figure 24. Voltage Reference Levels for AC Measure-ments (Except Output Enable/Disable)

Output Enable TimeOutput pins are considered to be enabled when they have madea transition from a high-impedance state to when they startdriving. The output enable time (tENA) is the interval from whena reference signal reaches a high or low voltage level to whenthe output has reached a specified high or low trip point, asshown in the Output Enable/Disable diagram. If multiple pins(such as the data bus) are enabled, the measurement value isthat of the first pin to start driving.

2.0V

1.0V

tENA

REFERENCESIGNAL

OUTPUT

tDECAY

VOH(MEASURED)

OUTPUT STOPSDRIVING

OUTPUT STARTSDRIVING

tDIS

tMEASURED

VOL(MEASURED)

VOH (MEASURED) – 0.5V

VOL (MEASURED) +0.5V

HIGH-IMPEDANCE STATE. TEST CONDITIONS CAUSETHIS VOLTAGE LEVEL TO BE APPROXIMATELY 1.5V.

VOH(MEASURED)

VOL(MEASURED)

Figure 25. Output Enable/Disable

TOOUTPUT

PIN50pF

+1.5V

IOH

IOL

Figure 26. Equivalent Device Loading for AC Measure-ments (Including All Fixtures)

ADSP-2181

–27–REV. D

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONSAmbient Temperature Rating:

TAMB = TCASE – (PD × θCA)TCASE = Case Temperature in °CPD = Power Dissipation in WθCA = Thermal Resistance (Case-to-Ambient)θJ A = Thermal Resistance (Junction-to-Ambient)θJ C = Thermal Resistance (Junction-to-Case)

Package θJA θJC θCATQFP 50°C/W 2°C/W 48°C/WPQFP 41°C/W 10°C/W 31°C/W

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–28–

128-Lead TQFP Package Pinout

1

128

IS

656439

38

103

102

TOP VIEW(PINS DOWN)

IALPF3PF2PF1PF0

GND

A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7

XTALCLKIN

CLKOUTGND

A8A9

A10A11A12A13

MMAP

WR

VDD

GND

BM

OD

E

FL0

DT

0T

FS

0R

FS

0D

R0

SC

LK0

DR

1/F

IS

CLK

1

FL1

FL2

RF

S1/

IRQ

0

DT

1/F

0T

FS

1/IR

Q1

GN

D

PW

DA

CK

GN

DV

DD

ER

ES

ET

GNDD23D22D21D20D19

GND

D18D17D16D15

D14D13D12D11

GND

D10D9D8D7D6D5

D4D3

GND

D2D1D0

ELIN

ECLKELOUT

VDD

VDD

IAD

1

PF

4P

F5

PF

6P

F7

IAD

0

IAD

11IA

D12

IAD

13IA

D14

IAD

10IA

D9

GN

D

IAD

15IR

D

IAD

4IA

D5

IAD

6IA

D7

IAD

3IA

D2

IAD

8

GN

D

VD

D

VDD

RDIOMSBMSDMSCMS

PMS

IRQE

PWDIRQ2

IAC

KB

GH

IRQ

L0

RE

SE

T

EE

EM

S

IRQ

L1

EINTEBRBR

IWR

EBGBG

ADSP-2181

–29–REV. D

TQFP Pin Configurations

TQFP Pin TQFP Pin TQFP Pin TQFP PinNumber Name Number Name Number Name Number Name

1 IAL 33 A12 65 ECLK 97 D192 PF3 34 A13 66 ELOUT 98 D203 PF2 35 IRQE 67 ELIN 99 D214 PF1 36 MMAP 68 EINT 100 D225 PF0 37 PWD 69 EBR 101 D236 WR 38 IRQ2 70 BR 102 GND7 RD 39 BMODE 71 EBG 103 IWR8 IOMS 40 PWDACK 72 BG 104 IRD9 BMS 41 IACK 73 VDD 105 IAD1510 DMS 42 BGH 74 D0 106 IAD1411 CMS 43 VDD 75 D1 107 IAD1312 GND 44 GND 76 D2 108 IAD1213 VDD 45 IRQL0 77 D3 109 IAD1114 PMS 46 IRQL1 78 D4 110 IAD1015 A0 47 FL0 79 GND 111 IAD916 A1 48 FL1 80 D5 112 IAD817 A2 49 FL2 81 D6 113 IAD718 A3 50 DT0 82 D7 114 IAD619 A4 51 TFS0 83 D8 115 VDD20 A5 52 RFS0 84 D9 116 GND21 A6 53 DR0 85 D10 117 IAD522 A7 54 SCLK0 86 D11 118 IAD423 XTAL 55 DT1/F0 87 D12 119 IAD324 CLKIN 56 TFS1/IRQ1 88 D13 120 IAD225 GND 57 RFS1/IRQ0 89 D14 121 IAD126 CLKOUT 58 GND 90 GND 122 IAD027 GND 59 DR1/FI 91 VDD 123 PF728 VDD 60 SCLK1 92 GND 124 PF629 A8 61 ERESET 93 D15 125 PF530 A9 62 RESET 94 D16 126 PF431 A10 63 EMS 95 D17 127 GND32 A11 64 EE 96 D18 128 IS

REV. D

ADSP-2181

–30–

128-Lead PQFP Package Pinout

128L PQFP(28MM x 28MM)

1

128 97

96

656433

32

TOP VIEW(PINS DOWN)

PF0

GND

A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7

XTALCLKIN

CLKOUTGND

A8A9

A10A11A12A13

MMAP

GND

VDD

VDD

WR

IOMS

PMS

CMSDMSBMS

RD

IRQE

PW

DA

CK

BM

OD

E

GN

D

FL0

RF

S1/

IRQ

0G

ND

DR

1/F

IS

CLK

1

EE

EC

LKE

LOU

T

FL1

FL2

DT

0T

FS

0R

FS

0D

R0

SC

LK0

DT

1/F

0T

FS

1/IR

Q1

ELI

N

VD

D

PW

DIR

Q2

IAC

K

EIN

T

EM

SR

ES

ET

ER

ES

ET

IRQ

L0

BG

H

IRQ

L1

D22D21D20D19

GND

D18D17D16D15

D14D13D12D11

GND

D10D9D8D7D6D5

D4D3

GND

D2D1D0

VDD

VDDBGEBGBREBR

GN

DISIA

L

GN

D

GN

DD

23

IAD

11IA

D12

IAD

13

IAD

15

PF

4P

F5

PF

6

IAD

5

IAD

14

IAD

6I