DVD for DVD for ““Not-soNot-so”” DummiesDummiesYour DVD Technical Reference GuideYour DVD Technical Reference Guide

Revised October 2002

Technicolor has evolved from the number oneprocessor of motion picture film to also become theworld’s largest manufacturer and distributor of pre-recorded videocassettes and optical media includingDVD, DVD-ROM, CD and CD-ROM.

Offering worldwide manufacturing and distributioncapabilities, Technicolor’s Home EntertainmentServices serves an international base of customers withits facilities in California, Illinois, Michigan, Tennessee,Virginia, Canada, Mexico, Holland, Italy, Poland, Spain,Luxembourg, UK and Australia.

Part 1:

DVDA Description of the Technology

How Does a DVD Differfrom a CD?

ÿ A DVD looks like a CDÿ A DVD is two “half-thickness-discs” bonded

togetherÿ A DVD contains data on one or both sidesÿ DVD has a “dual-layer” featureÿ 1 DVD disc has between 1-4 data “layers”ÿ A DVD has 7-25x the capacity of a CDÿ DVD 1X data read-rate is 8-9x faster than 1X CD-

ROM

The DVD technology is licensed by the DVD Format andLogo Licensing Corporation “DVD FLLC”(Website: www.dvdfllc.co.jp )

Pre-recorded (Read-only) SpecificationsÿDVD-ROM SpecificationÿDVD-Video SpecificationÿDVD-Audio Specification

Recordable formatsÿDVD-R Specification (write-once)ÿDVD-RW Specification (rewritable)ÿDVD-RAM Specification (rewritable)

5 DVD Disc Types

Pre-recorded DVDÿDVD-5 4.7 Gbytes (1 side, 1 layer)ÿDVD-9 8.5 Gbytes (1 side, 2 layers)ÿDVD-10 9.4 Gbytes (2 sides, 1 layer)ÿDVD-14 1.2 Gbytes (A-side 2-layers/B-side 1-layer)ÿDVD-18 17.0 Gbytes (2 sides, 2 layers)

Recordable DVDÿDVD-R = 4.7 Gbytes (billion bytes) per sideÿDVD-RAM = 4.7 Gbytes per sideÿDVD-RW=4.7Gbytes per side

• Note: all recordable DVD single-layer only

Note: A CD is 0.7 Gbytes

Storage Capacity of DVD

ÿ DVDs are similar in principle toCDs. A DVD’s pit length and trackspacing are both reduced such thata DVD contains about four times asmany pits in the same area as a CD

ÿ DVDs embrace the concept of atwo-sided disc and two data layersaccessible from one side of a disc

ÿ A DVD is like a “quad-density” CDÿ All DVD players play CDs

DVD and CD

CD DVD

Disc Diameter 120 mm 120 mm

Disc Thickness 1.2 mm 1.2 mm

Disc Structure Single substrate Two bonded 0.6 mmsubstrates

Laser Wavelength 780 nm (infrared) 650 and 635 nm (red)

Numerical Aperture 0.45 0.60Track Pitch 1.6 um 0.74 umShortest Pit Length 0.83 um 0.4 umReference Speed 1.2-1.4 m/sec CLV 3.5-3.85 m/sec CLVData Layers 1 1 or 2Data Sides 1 1 or 2Data Capacity 650 MBytes 4.7 - 17.0 GBytesUser Data Rate 1.2 Mbit/Sec

(ROM Mode 1)10.0 Mbit/Sec

(DVD-Video format)

DVD and CD

DVD-9: Dual-Layer Technology

DVD 10

9.4 GB, 266 minutes playback

DVD 18 Double Sided, Double Layer17 GB, 482 minutes playback

DVD 5Single Sided, Single Layer4.7 GB, 133 minutes playback

DVD 9Single Sided, Double Layer8.5 GB, 241 minutes playback

Double Sided, Double Layer

DVD-9: Dual-Layer Technology

ÿ DVD is the first optical disc to feature two data layersreadable from the same side of the disc

ÿ DVD-9 allows four hours of video on one side of thedisc

ÿ All DVD players are able to play DVD-9ÿ DVD-9 features a optional seamless “jump” from one

layer to the next during linear playÿ A DVD-9 DVD-ROM is a single-sided, dual-layer

8.5GB volume disc

DVD-9 features two data layers (Layer 0 and Layer 1) readfrom same side of the disc. Second or top disc layer (Layer 1)may be read in one of two modesÿ Parallel Track Path (PTP) same as lower data layer. Player

head skips back to inner radius of disc to read Layer 1ÿ Opposite Track Path (OTP). Layer 1 is read in the opposite

direction to the first data layer, Layer 0. (outer to inner)

Many DVD-9 movie discs are authored as OTP such that theDVD-Video player “jumps” layers at outer disc radius toprovide continuous playÿ OTP often referred to as Reverse Spiral Dual Layer (RSDL)

DVD-9 Lexicon : PTP and OTP (RSDL)

Why is DVD-9 The PrevailingDVD Format?

ÿ It looks like a CD and a DVD5 but has 8.5GB of datacapacity

ÿ It allows bit rates to be raised for higher video qualityÿ It allows many movies to have a widescreen and 4:3 version

on the same discÿ It can have 5-color picture-disc labelsÿ You don’t have to flip it overÿ You always put it in the player the right way up… You have

room for extra languages, subtitles, DTS, special features,trailers

ÿ It can hold up to 4 hours of high quality DVD-Video toaccommodate virtually all movies with bonus material

What is DVD-18?

ÿ The highest data capacity DVD disc supported by the DVDFLLC Specifications- 17billion bytes

ÿ DVD-18 gets its name from the concept of being twobonded dual-layer DVD-9 discs with their “top-half” discsubstrates discarded prior to bonding.

ÿ DVD-18 features 4 data layers• 2 layers on A-side• 2 layers on B-side

ÿ DVD-18 is same thickness as a single DVD-5 or DVD-9ÿ DVD-18 can be thought of as the dual-layer version of

DVD-10

DVD-18

Pros:ÿData Capacity - 17GBÿ8 hours of MPEG-2 video per discÿAllows 4:3 and 16:9 versions of DVD-9 titles on same

discÿAllows high bit rate for longest moviesÿAllows extra bonus features to be addedÿEliminates the need for 2-disc setÿCompatible with all existing players (player sees disc

same way as DVD-9)Cons:ÿCan’t print on the top data surfaceÿDisc needs to be manually flipped to play Side B

How to Make a DVD-18

ÿ Step 1: Make two DVD-9 discsÿ Step 2: Mold the top layer or half-disc of each DVD-9 with

PMMA (perspex) rather than the regular polycarbonate material• Note: the PMMA disc strips clear away from the bottom disc

leaving both data layers attached to the bottom discÿ Step 3: “peel off” the top layer disc from each DVD-9 and

discard (leaving the data “impression” on the top surface of theremaining bonding layer)

ÿ Step 4: bond the two “bottom-layer” discs together

DVD-18 will be more expensive to manufacture than two DVD-9discs, but may have economies related to reduced packagingrequirements.

DVD-Video

Digital Video QualityÿUp to 4 hours of studio quality MPEG-2 video on one

side of a CD-sized disc

Digital Audio QualityÿCD-quality sound or optional 5.1 channel digital

surround sound

Interactivity and User FeaturesÿAdvanced interactivity and control through menus,

chapters, feature buttons, etc...

DVD-Video Specification features:

ÿ1 video stream with up to 4 user-selectable angles

ÿ8 audio streams for multiple languages soundtracks onsame disc

ÿ32 sub-picture streams

DVD-Video Features

DVD-Video offers several unique publishing options:

ÿ4:3 and 16:9 “widescreen” version discsÿRegional coding. Players are world region specific;

discs can be produced to play only in selected worldregions for sequential title releaseÿNTSC and PAL versionsÿMultiple angles/alternative simultaneous storyliningÿParental lock feature

DVD-Video Options

DVD Video and Copy Protection

Digital Copy Protection (CSS):ÿ CSS - a new DVD licensed technology provided by

the DVD Forum for DVD-Video. Licensed by DVDCopy Control Association (DVD CCA)

Analog Video Copy Protection (Macrovision):ÿAlters the unseen part of a video signal such

that a VCR may not record a video signalÿ3 “flavors”

• Automatic Gain Control• 2-line color stripe• 4-line color stripe

CSS “Content Scramble System”

DVD-Video technology includes digital “CSS” (ContentScramble System) copy protection, or encryption, appliedduring the glass mastering stage.

ÿOnly CSS-licensed disc manufacturers can encrypt a DVD-Video disc with CSSÿNo disc-to-disc digital copying is possibleÿDisc is encrypted using software keys supplied by CSS

Interim Licensing OrganizationÿThe DVD disc is a scrambled version of the original video

data supplied on the master tape

DVD-Video: Standard andWidescreen Format

DVD-Video supports normal, pan-scan and letter-box formatson both standard and wide-screen televisions.

RecordedRecordedDataData

4:34:3

16:916:9

Display on 4:3 TVDisplay on 4:3 TVNormalNormal Pan-ScanPan-Scan Letter-BoxLetter-Box

Display onDisplay on16:9 TV16:9 TV

Audio on DVD-Video Discs

DVD-Video discs must containÿ Either

• PCM 48kHz stereo (very rare due to data requirements)ÿ Or

• 2-channel Dolby Digital (NTSC regions)• 2-channel Dolby Digital or MPEG-2 audio (PAL regions)

DVD-Video discs can also contain at content providersoption

ÿ 5.1 channel Dolby Digital surround soundÿ 5.1 channel DTS surround soundÿ 5.1 channel MPEG-2 surround sound

LeftLeftRearRear

RightRightRearRear

LeftLeftFrontFront

RightRightFrontFront

Sub-Sub-WooferWoofer

CenterCenter

DVD-Video 5.1Channel Surround Sound

ÿ Dolby Digital (a.k.a. Dolby AC-3) is the specified NTSCversion compressed digital audio standard for DVD-Video.(AC-3 3rd generation Audio Coding Algorithm)

ÿ DD is available in 2-channel stereo or 5.1-channelsurround sound (The 0.1 channel is the sixth channelwhich is low-bandwidth sub-woofer)

ÿ Introduced in 1992 theatrically for Batman Returns andnow the de facto standard for surround sound in moviesand HDTV

ÿ A complete 5.1 channel surround sound usesapproximately 25% the data of a stereo CD

ÿ 5.1-channel DD requires a digital decoder on DVD playeror amplifier

What is Dolby Digital ?

What is DTS?

ÿ Digital Theater Surroundÿ An optional and alternative surround sound system to

Dolby Digital 5.1 for DVD-Videoÿ Requires DTS decoder in DVD player or receiverÿ Higher fidelity, higher bandwidth than DD 5.1ÿ Uses nearly 4x the data capacity of Dolby Digitalÿ Reduces storage capacity available for video data

compared to using DD5.1

DVD-ROM

Next generation CD-ROM disc:

ÿ 4.7-17 GB capacityÿ UDF and ISO 9660 File Systemÿ 9X data read-rate of 1X CD-ROM driveÿ Drives fully backward compatible with all CD

formats

DVD-ROM File System

ÿ DVD-ROM uses a micro UDF/ISO 9660 bridge filesystem

ÿ UDF is the standard DVD file systemÿ UDF is designed to incorporate writeable and re-

writeable discsÿ ISO 9660 bridge provides backward compatibility until

computer operating systems support UDF andauthoring tools become widely available

DVD-ROM Bit-for-Bit Verification

ÿ All user data is 100% verified to the incoming master DLT(Digital Linear Tape).

ÿ Licensees of CSS Technology from DVD CCA are now ableto bit-to-bit verify encrypted CSS DVD-Video titles to theirsource DLT using specially licensed CSS verificationproducts available only to licensees and provided only byother licensees of DVD CCA.

DVD-Audio

ÿ Specification Published March 1999ÿ High-quality 2-channel and multi-channel optionsÿ 16-, 20-, 24- bit quantization optionsÿ 48/96/192 kHz and 44.1/88.2/176.4 kHz sampling

frequency optionsÿ Maximum of 6 channelsÿ Highest resolution (stereo) is 192kHz/24-bits which gives

a playtime of 64 minutes on a DVD-5 (Note: CD is44.1kHz/16-bits or 15% of the data usage of DVD-Audiohi-res)

ÿ Requires DVD-Audio players or announced combi-players(DVD-Video and DVD-Audio capable)

What is Super-Audio CD (SACD)?

ÿ This is not a DVD!!!ÿ Not licensed by DVD Forumÿ High density audio is incompatible with DVD-Video players

and DVD-ROM drivesÿ Developed and licensed by Sony and Philipsÿ Three versions:

• Single-layer High Density (4.7GB)• Dual-layer High density (8.5GB)• Hybrid SACD (4.7GB High Density + CD-Audio layer)

Hybrid Super-Audio CD (SACD)

ÿ Construction is dual-layer but with following key differenceto DVD-9• Bottom layer is high density data layer with semi-reflective

coating• Top layer is standard CD w/ data surface on outside surface

of CD (rather than inside disc “sandwich” as with high densitydual-layer)

ÿ High density layer only plays in a SACD playerÿ CD layer plays in all CD-Audio devicesÿ SACD layer features Sony DSD (direct stream digital)

encoding technologyÿ Stereo and multi-channel high resolution format

Is a Disc w/ One DVD Layer andOne CD Layer Possible?

Theory:ÿ Build a DVD-9 disc with the semi-reflective layer as DVD in

the center of the bonded discÿMake the top half of the DVD-9 a CD data layer and “flip” it

so the CD data is on the outside surface of the discÿ Both CD and DVD layer should read from bottom of disc

Practice:ÿ DVD player firmware may see the CD layer and ignore the

DVD layer such that DVD won’t playÿ DVD player firmware may see low reflectance layer DVD

and reject disc if two separate DVD layers not foundÿ CD players may not play CD layer if reflectance is

diminishedÿ It can and does work on SOME players, but the disc is NOT

a legal format and publishing in this format is notrecommended

The Recordable DVD Formats

DVD-Rÿ 4.7GB record-once disc launched 1997 by DVD Forum

DVD-RWÿ launched 1999 by DVD Forum, a rewritable 4.7GB disc

DVD-RAMÿ 4.7GB rewritable

DVD +RWÿ Developed by Sony, Philips et al. as competitor to DVD

Forum specified disc formatsÿ 4.7GB rewriteableÿ Not a DVD Forum-licensed format!

No dual-layer implementations for any of the above

Part 2:

Manufacturing a DVD Disc

1. Collect, create and capture video, audio, data assets2. Video and audio data compression3. Title authoring to DVD spec4. Data and file formatting to DVD file system5. Create master DLT with DDP (Disc Description

Protocol) file for disc manufacturing6. Glass mastering7. Test mold and verify DLT / program authoring8. Replication… molding / metalization9. Bonding, printing and final QC10. Packaging and distribution

The 10 Steps to Make a DVD

DVD-Video Title Preparation

DVD-Video titles are a collection of separatelyprepared “assets” that are “authored” into amultiplexed DVD disc image.ÿ Videoÿ Audioÿ Extra language soundtracksÿ Subtitles, sub-picture informationÿ Menus, stills, titles, chapters, interactivity

Control and preparation of assets is the key tosuccessful DVD-Video title creation.

Audio & Video CompressionThe process of converting digital audio and video masters tocomputer data files of greatly reduced size. This is aspecialty of video post houses and major multimediadevelopers who have invested $$$ in the video and audiorecording resources. The compression process affects thefinal video picture quality.

DVD AuthoringThe process of creating a DVD master tape or disc imagethat complies to the DVD specifications from the variousdata and compressed video/audio input media that a clientmay supply. Performed on a powerful workstationmanipulating “data assets.”

Compression & Authoring

ÿ DVD-Video features MPEG-2 compressed video

ÿ DVD introduces VBR (Variable Bit Rate) encodingwhere the amount of data used per frame is variedto meet the demands of the source video

ÿ Compression algorithms and selected user bit ratesdetermine picture quality

ÿ “Garbage-in, garbage-out” process -- the finalpicture quality is highly dependent on picture qualityof source material

Video Compression

DVD Title Authoring

ÿ Creating a DVD disc image that can be transferred toDLT for glass mastering

ÿ Performed on modern digital PC workstations with DVDauthoring software

ÿ Designs in interactivity for the DVD titleÿ Presents the movie or video in a fashion that maximizes

the entertainment value by using the interactivefeatures of DVD players (e.g., menus, multiple cameraangles, subtitles and languages)

ÿ Authoring allows a publisher to add value to their assetsby providing features not possible with VHS, laserdisc,etc...

Technicolor provides the following services

ÿ Creation of DVD-ROM disc images on authoringworkstations

ÿ File formatting to UDF file systemÿ Creation of master DLT with DDP encoding

“ready-to-master”ÿ Porting CD-ROM titles directly to DVD

DVD-ROM Creation and Formatting

ÿ DVD is usually mastered from a DLT (Digital LinearTape), a well-established SCSI tape medium

ÿ Technicolor requires a compact DLT type III/IV with DDP2.0 encoding (Disc Description Protocol). This hasbecome the de facto mastering standard for DVD

ÿ All widely-available DVD-Video authoring systems outputmaster DLTs which are ready for manufacturing at thedisc plant

ÿ DVD-R and other storage media are also capable of beingused as a source to the Mastering process

DVD Master Tapes

Why is DVD Harder toMake Than CD?

ÿ New technological challenges, new 1st generationsolutions for DVD versus 15 years of processdevelopment in CD

ÿ 4x as many pits on the same surfaceÿ 2 data surfaces on each disc / bonding the substratesÿ Dual-layer technology. New for DVDÿ Molded discs half as thick but bonded disc needs to

be twice as flatÿ Data commonly stretched to Radius 58mmÿ 1st Generation Test Equipment

DVD Laser Mastering

ÿ DVD mastering usinghigher resolution laserequipment (UV, violetlasers)

ÿ CD masteringequipment not capableof masteringDVD discs

DVD Laser Mastering

Higher Density and Higher Definition:

ÿ A DVD disc is by definition a replica of its Master... “bad masters make bad discs”

ÿ 4x as many pits or features as a CD in the same areaÿ Shorter, narrower pits require finer focus and smaller

writing spot… UV lasersÿ Track pitch or spacing reduced to below half that of CDÿ Need for optimum pit definition and geometry… low

“jitter”ÿ Process is 4x more critical than CD

Why is DVD Mastering MoreDifficult than CD?

ÿ 2R DVD Mastering reduces Mastering time to that of2X CD• glass spins at 3800rpm versus 1200rpm• need to serve data from network

ÿ Focus and tracking specifications much tighter thanCD.

ÿ Developing end point more critical

Is Electroforming Any MoreCritical for DVD?

ÿ Top/data surface of DVD disc now very sensitive totopography for bonding/space layer considerations

ÿ Bonding process sensitive to• flash in vertical plane on data side• disc thickness variation• disc taper

ÿ Replication process (jitter, tilt) for DVD more sensitive toprocess adjustment due to thickness variations

ÿ Eccentricity of data to stamper ID more criticalÿ Surface roughness of metal parts more critical

The Challenge of DVD over CD“Jitter and Tilt”

DVD discs are mechanically and physically more precisethan CDÿ Mastering and Electroforming process windows are

tightened to allow maximum replication processwindow

ÿ DVDs must be made flat and stay flatÿ Disc thickness must be more uniformÿ Reduced eccentricity of track to center hole after

bondingÿ Bonding technology has to be optimized and

integrated into replication lines to produce the flattestdiscs possible

ÿ Printing options reduced by adverse effect of UVprinting on disc flatness

DVD Injection Molding

State of-the-art

injection-compression

molding machines used forthe ultimate pit replication,and DVD quality.

DVD Molding

ÿ Two presses or a twin-cavity machine required to makeone disc in one cycle

ÿ “Hotter” - Significantly different process than CD molding

ÿ DVD Molding is a far more critical process

ÿ Need close control of:• jitter• flatness• disc thickness (especially DVD-9)• mechanical parity between pre-bond half discs

DVD Bonding

All DVDs are bonded. This is a new technology for theCD industry.

Three technologies -

Hot-melt glue bonding (opaque)ÿM-O and laserdisc proven technologyÿSingle-layer applications only

UV bonding (radical) - a clear bond. 99% of all DVD discsÿDual-layer application

UV bonding (cationic) - opaqueÿSingle-layer only, new technology

DVD-9 Dual-Layer Technology

DVD-9 is uniquelycharacterized by thesemi-reflective coating onthe lower data layer andfull reflective layer on theupper data layer.

Both DVD-9 layers givesimilar reflectivity whenread by player.

DVD-9 Dual-Layer Technology

DVD-5Moulded Polycarbonate Substrate

AdhesiveStandard Reflector

Moulded Polycarbonate Substrate

DVD-9Moulded Polycarbonate Substrate

Aluminum Full ReflectorAdhesive

Semi ReflectorMoulded Polycarbonate Substrate

Premastered Pits

Premastered Pits

DVD-9 Challenge #1Molding Layer 0

ÿ Thickness working range for DVD-5 0.57 - 0.63 mm

ÿ Thickness working range for DVD-9 0.56 - 0.57 mm• spacer layer has to be 40-70 microns and still leave Layer 0

and spacer-layer combined less than 0.64mm

ÿ This is the most stringent specification for molding machinemanufacturers in optical disc industry• shot weight repeatability• shot weight control• Cpk has to be controlled

ÿ Layer 1 discs are also molded to “match” Layer 0 discs

ÿ Measurement accuracy issues with tight tolerance

DVD-9 Challenge #2Semi-reflective Layer 0

ÿ Not critical on DVD-5 with CD sputtering technologyÿ DVD-9 specification

• uniformity 18-30% on both layers• 33% total variation on disc including stress effects

ÿ Reflectivity from both layers needs to be balancedsuch that a player sees similar signal strength fromeach layer - - need a reference DVD player to verify

ÿ Material choices• gold: costly, easy to process• silicon: cheaper, more difficult to process• Silver: cheaper than gold, easy to process

DVD-9 Challenge #3The Transparent Layer

ÿ Thickness and uniformity not specified for DVD-5ÿ DVD-9 features rigid specifications for spacer layer

• specification 40-70 microns• allowed variation +/- 10 microns on entire disc• allowed variation +/- 4 microns in one revolution

ÿ Bonding material has to have good optical propertiesÿ Dispense much more critical and sensitive to bubble

formationÿ Application of bonding resin vital for uniformityÿ Spin/spread of bonding resin controls uniformityÿ Bonding resin inherently forms an uneven wedge shape

during spin which needs to be controlled and opposed

DVD-9 Challenge #4Testing

ÿ Measurement of Disc Thickness to 2-3 micron accuracy todevelop Cpk for Layer-0 molding process

ÿ Measurement of reflectivity and uniformity for Layer-0

ÿ Measurement of spacer layer thickness

ÿ Measurement of eccentricity to higher spec especially onDVD-9

ÿ QC testing of OTP layer jumps

ÿ QC testing: 135 minutes per disc

DVD-9 Challenge #5Printing and Tilt

ÿ DVDs are deformed by the shrinkage of UV-cured ink

ÿ DVD-9 discs are more susceptible to shrinkage• bonding layer is attached to two dissimilar metals• bonding layer much thicker than for DVD-5

ÿ DVD Specifications of 0.3º tangential tilt and 0.8º degreesradial tilt need to be significantly tightened to counteraging effects and tilt changes due to UV-curing of inks

ÿ Offset printing more “tilt-friendly” than screen althoughmore costly and inefficient

DVD Environmental Testing

The environmental tests ensure DVDs remain playable andexhibit the same longevity as CDs.

ÿStorage Test / Heat Cycle Test

ÿ70o C / 50% RH / 96 hours

ÿFlatness of bonded disc more likely to alter inenvironmental testing

ÿDetermine tilt angle degradation at the user end by thistest and reduce the manufacturing tilt specificationaccordingly

DVD-5 Top disc is a “dummy disc” with no data

ÿPit-art (laser graphics)ÿ3dcd Hologram (proprietary)

DVD-5 and DVD-9ÿSilk-screen and offset CD printing options

DVD-10 and DVD-18

ÿ “Inner Ring” catalog band inf. only (print or etch)ÿPrint in clear center of disc

Decoration / Printing Options

Pit-art is the most cost-effective DVD decoration andidentification technique. It is unique to DVD5 and avoids thecostly printing process.

Pit-art images are molded from a stamper created in theMastering process:Customer needs to supplyÿ.tif files or high resolution graphics files over 300 lines

per inch, preferably 1200 lpi

ÿImage diameter 40mm - 118mm

Pit-Art

ÿ Options are identical to CD due to identical form factor ofthe media

ÿ DVD-Video has widely adopted the VSDA-recommendedform size (e.g., Amaray, Alpha)

ÿ Automated solutions widely available for most DVD-Videopackages

ÿ Technicolor is able to offer any configuration

DVD Packaging

The Future for DVD Replication

How do we make DVD production as efficient as CD isnow?

ÿ 2R (double-speed) masteringÿ Molding cycle-time reductionÿ Dual-cavity moldingÿ New materials to make flatter discs that stay flatterÿ More cost-effective alternatives to gold layerÿ In-line manufacturingÿ Low-shrinkage inksÿ Automated multi-player electronic test systems

Part 3: DVD Replication

Getting Your DiscsMade by a Disc Replicator

What Your Replicator Needsto Know

Is Your Title DVD-5, DVD-9 or DVD-10?

What form is your data in?

Do you want a Check Disc Package for approval prior toreplication?

How do you want the disc printed or can you use pit-art?

What packaging do you want?

What Specific DVD-Video Infois Required?

ÿ How many video title sets are there requiring CSSencryption?

ÿ Is the title authored to receive CSS?

ÿ Is the DLT data:• 2048 (not setup for CSS)• 2054 incomplete (not setup for CSS)• 2054 complete (CSS titles need this)• 2064 fully-formatted

ÿ Is DVD-9 title OTP or PTP (opposite or parallel track)?

ÿ What sector and runtime does the layer jump occur (DVD-9OTP titles)?

DVD-9 or DVD-10?

DVD-9ÿSame print options as CDÿHigher cost than DVD5ÿThe consumer and publisher format of choice

DVD-10ÿOnly choice for 8.5 - 9.4 GB titlesÿLower manufacturing costÿVery limited printing optionsÿConsumer confused by inner ring labeling

What a Developer Needs toSupply to a Replicator

DataÿRaw unformatted dataÿFully formatted DVD Disc image (DLT)

Disc ArtworkÿE-filesÿLabel film

Packaging/Print Materials

DVD-ROM Formatting

ÿ Is the project UDF/ISO 9660?

ÿ Is the project MacAware?

ÿWhat’s the total byte count?

ÿWhat’s the total file count?

ÿClearly define each and every supplied item of inputmedia

ÿTechnicolor has multiple DVD-ROM authoring/formattingpackages and can accept input media on any mountabledrive:

• Scenarist NT• DVD Gear• ROM Family Formatter

Fully Pre-Mastered DVD-ROM DLTMaster Tape

ÿ DLT Type III/IV Media

ÿ ANSI Tape Label

ÿ DVD-ROM DLT Master Contains 3 Files• DDPID• CONTROL.DAT• IMAGE.DAT / MAIN.DAT

CSS“Content Scramble System”

ÿ Digital Copy Protection for DVD-Video Spec Title Sets

ÿ Technology approved by DVD Forum with the approvalof MPAA and CPTWG

ÿ Applies to “.VOB” files or “Video Object Units”

ÿ CSS is developed for the benefit of and as a securityenhancement for DVD-Video Media

ÿ IT’S FREE at Technicolor!!!

How do you make a CSS Disc?

Step 1: During authoring, video sectors which requirescrambling are “tagged” on the DLT.

Step 2: Encrypted CSS Keys are obtained by a CSSlicensee; either rights owner, authoring house ordisc manufacturer.

Step 3: Encryption of video occurs at disc manufacturingstage (Glass mastering.)

DVD Project Development “Check Discs”

Check disc packages (development samples)

ÿ Up to 20 final replicated discs includes mastering,replication, pit art and jewel case pack

ÿ Quick turn time

ÿ Essential for DVD9 titles due to no recordable DVDcounterpart to verify authoring

Disc Artwork e-file Formatsand Available Print Area

E-file formats accepted include Quark Xpress, Photoshop,PageMaker, Illustrator, Freehand etc.

Standard CD/DVD Film specifications

Maximum Allowable Print Areas

DVD-5 pit-art area 46-116.5mm

DVD-5/9 print area 46-116mm or 34-116mm

DVD-10 print area 39.5mm - 43.5mm

Packaging a DVD Title

ÿ A DVD is physically the same as a CD

ÿ A variety of packaging options, including (among others) thestandard jewel box for DVD-ROM and the Amaray case,AlphaPakTM and Super Jewel Box for DVD-Video

ÿ “A Quality Product Deserves a Quality Package”

ÿ Replicators with automation for your chosen packaging will offercost savings

DVD Information on the Web

www.technicolor.com(includes a .pdf version of this presentation)

Technicolor3233 E. Mission Oaks Blvd.

Camarillo, CA 93012www.technicolor.com

Technical Questions:John Town, Vice President R & D

Tel: 1.800.231.0778 or 434.985.1100 x365john.town@technicolor.com / Fax: 434.985.9083

Questions?

Technicolor3233 E. Mission Oaks Blvd.

Camarillo, CA 93012www.technicolor.com

Sales Inquiries:Toll Free 1.800.732.4555

1.805.445.1122 / Fax 805.445.4340info@technicolor.com

Sales Inquiries