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Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

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Dwight K. Jesseman Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County St. Johns County Agricultural Agent Agricultural Agent
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Page 1: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Dwight K. JessemanDwight K. Jesseman

St. Johns CountySt. Johns County

Agricultural AgentAgricultural Agent

Page 2: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

NematologyNematology

Basic Principles Basic Principles for Master for Master GardenersGardeners

Page 3: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Types of NematodesTypes of Nematodes

Plant ParasiticPlant Parasitic PredatoryPredatory EntomophagousEntomophagous Free LivingFree Living MarineMarine

Page 4: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Plant ParasiticPlant Parasitic

Page 5: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

PredatoryPredatory

Page 6: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

EntomophagousEntomophagous

Page 7: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Free LivingFree Living

Page 8: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

MarineMarine

Page 9: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Morphology and AnatomyMorphology and Anatomy

AnimalsAnimals Round WormsRound Worms Size 0.25mm to 3.0mmSize 0.25mm to 3.0mm Layered CuticleLayered Cuticle Vermiform, Globose, Kidney Vermiform, Globose, Kidney

ShapedShaped

Page 10: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Layered CuticleLayered Cuticle

Page 11: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

VermiformVermiform

Page 12: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

GloboseGlobose

Page 13: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Kidney ShapedKidney Shaped

Page 14: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Life Cycle and Life Cycle and ReproductionReproduction Egg - 50 to 500Egg - 50 to 500 Four Juvenile StagesFour Juvenile Stages AdultAdult Male and Female in Most SpeciesMale and Female in Most Species Life Cycle Dependant on Soil Life Cycle Dependant on Soil

TemperaturesTemperatures Move SlowlyMove Slowly

Page 15: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Egg and JuvenileEgg and Juvenile

Page 16: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

FeedingFeeding

Oral Stylet or SpearOral Stylet or Spear Inject EnzymesInject Enzymes Digest Cell ContentsDigest Cell Contents

Page 17: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Oral Stylet Oral Stylet

Page 18: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Host- Parasite RelationshipHost- Parasite Relationship

Migratory EctoparasiticMigratory Ectoparasitic– Ring, SpiralRing, Spiral

Migratory EndoparasiticMigratory Endoparasitic– Lesion, BurrowingLesion, Burrowing

Sedentary EndoparasiticSedentary Endoparasitic– Root-Knot, Cyst, Reniform, CitrusRoot-Knot, Cyst, Reniform, Citrus

Page 19: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Migratory EctoparasiticMigratory Ectoparasitic

Page 20: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Migratory EndoparasiticMigratory Endoparasitic

Page 21: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Sedentary EndoparasiticSedentary Endoparasitic

Page 22: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

DiagnosesDiagnoses

Very Difficult at TimesVery Difficult at Times Poor GrowthPoor Growth Combination of ProblemsCombination of Problems Assay of Soil and/or Plant TissueAssay of Soil and/or Plant Tissue SymptomsSymptoms

Page 23: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Above-GroundAbove-Ground

Rarely SufficientRarely Sufficient ChlorosisChlorosis DiebackDieback Melting outMelting out Reduced GrowthReduced Growth Water StressedWater Stressed

Page 24: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Reduced GrowthReduced Growth

Page 25: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Below-GroundBelow-Ground

Root GallsRoot Galls Root SwellingsRoot Swellings Abbreviated Root SystemAbbreviated Root System Root RotRoot Rot Cyst NematodesCyst Nematodes

Page 26: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Root GallsRoot Galls

Page 27: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Abbreviated Root SystemAbbreviated Root System

Page 28: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Cyst NematodesCyst Nematodes

Page 29: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Field HistoryField History

Gradual DeclineGradual Decline Area - Small to LargeArea - Small to Large Rotation of CropsRotation of Crops

Page 30: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Laboratory AssayLaboratory Assay

Soil and Plant TissueSoil and Plant Tissue Relative Population DensitiesRelative Population Densities Economic ThresholdsEconomic Thresholds

Page 31: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Nematode ManagementNematode Management

Prevention Prevention Crop RotationCrop Rotation Crop Root DestructionCrop Root Destruction Flooding and FallowingFlooding and Fallowing ResistanceResistance Biological ControlBiological Control NematicidesNematicides

Page 32: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Home GardenHome Garden

Container GrowingContainer Growing Site SelectionSite Selection Crop RotationCrop Rotation Soil Tillage and Root DestructionSoil Tillage and Root Destruction AmendmentsAmendments

– Organic MatterOrganic Matter– Green ManuresGreen Manures

Page 33: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Home GardenHome Garden

Planting TimePlanting Time Nematode - Free TransplantsNematode - Free Transplants Resistant VarietiesResistant Varieties Soil SolarizationSoil Solarization Chemical ControlChemical Control

Page 34: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Soil SolarizationSoil Solarization

Cover for at least 4 weeksCover for at least 4 weeks Well TilledWell Tilled High MoistureHigh Moisture Slightly Raised Beds Slightly Raised Beds Crown the BedCrown the Bed

Page 35: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Soil SolarizationSoil Solarization

Clear PolyethyleneClear Polyethylene Thin Plastic 1 to 2 milThin Plastic 1 to 2 mil Leave in Place Until PlantingLeave in Place Until Planting Avoid Contaminated Plants or SoilAvoid Contaminated Plants or Soil

Page 36: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Soil TemperaturesSoil Temperatures

Tarped Soils 111 to 122Tarped Soils 111 to 122 115 - Water Molds115 - Water Molds 120 - Nematodes120 - Nematodes 140 - Most Fungi140 - Most Fungi 150 - Most Soil Insects150 - Most Soil Insects 160 - Most Viruses and Bacteria160 - Most Viruses and Bacteria 170 - Most Weed Seeds170 - Most Weed Seeds

Page 37: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

OrnamentalsOrnamentals

Site PreparationSite Preparation Treat SoilTreat Soil

– FumigationFumigation– Soil SolarazitionSoil Solarazition

Replace Infested SoilReplace Infested Soil Root BarriersRoot Barriers

Page 38: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

OrnamentalsOrnamentals

Nematode-Free StockNematode-Free Stock Well Adapted PlantsWell Adapted Plants Resistant PlantsResistant Plants MaintenanceMaintenance MulchesMulches Other PestsOther Pests Chemical ControlChemical Control

Page 39: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

TurfTurf

Biological ControlsBiological Controls Resistant PlantsResistant Plants Chemical ControlChemical Control

– Fumigation Before PlantingFumigation Before Planting

Page 40: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

ResistanceResistance

Bahiagrasses - Tolerant of MostBahiagrasses - Tolerant of Most Centipedegrasses - Ring, Sting, Centipedegrasses - Ring, Sting,

SheathSheath St. Augustinegrasses -Sting, LanceSt. Augustinegrasses -Sting, Lance Bermudagrasses - Sting, Lance, Bermudagrasses - Sting, Lance,

StubbyStubby Zoysiagrasses - Most nematodesZoysiagrasses - Most nematodes

Page 41: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Basimid Granular UseBasimid Granular Use

Compost PilesCompost Piles Potting SoilsPotting Soils Seed and Propagation BedsSeed and Propagation Beds Soil MediaSoil Media Establishing Turf and Ornamental Establishing Turf and Ornamental

SitesSites Not for Use in Vegetable GardensNot for Use in Vegetable Gardens READ THE LABEL, IT IS THE LAWREAD THE LABEL, IT IS THE LAW

Page 42: Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

QuestionsQuestions


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