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Dynamic Context Management and Reference Models for Dynamic SelfAdaptation Norha Villegas Icesi University (Colombia) and University of Victoria (Canada) Gabriel Tamura – Icesi University (Colombia) Hausi A. Müller – University of Victoria (Canada)
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Page 1: DynamicContextManagement Reference Modelsfor DynamicSelf ...webhome.cs.uvic.ca/~hausi/EASSy2013/Villegas-Shonan-2013-Sep9.… · A Dynamic Context Management Infrastructure for Supporting

Dynamic Context Management and Reference Models for

Dynamic Self‐AdaptationNorha Villegas ‐ Icesi University (Colombia) and University of Victoria (Canada) 

Gabriel Tamura – Icesi University (Colombia)Hausi A. Müller – University of Victoria (Canada)

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Fundamental Concepts

SoftwareSystem

Requirements

Operates in

ContextAffects

Satisfies

Situation‐Aware

Understands context

Self‐Adaptive

Adjusts itself

Uncertainty

Change at runtime

Changes at runtime

2

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Fundamental Concepts

SoftwareSystem

Operates in

ContextAffects

Satisfies

Situation‐Aware

Understands context

Self‐Adaptive

Adjusts itself

Uncertainty

Change at runtime

Changes at runtime

Situation‐aware smart software (SASS) system3

Requirements

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Problem Statement

To maintain the relevance of situation‐awareness, with respect to changing requirements and context situations, 

to improve user QoE and self‐adaptivity

4

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Problem Statement

To maintain the relevance of situation‐awareness, with respect to changing requirements and context situations, 

to improve user QoE and self‐adaptivity

5

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Problem Statement

To maintain the relevance of situation‐awareness, with respect to changing requirements and context situations,

to improve user QoE and self‐adaptivity

6

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Problem Statement

To maintain the relevance of situation‐awareness, with respect to changing requirements and context situations,

to improve user QoE and self‐adaptivity

7

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Selected Research Challenges

CH1: Complete specification of context is impractical at design 

time (uncertainty)

CH2: Context monitoring infrastructures must be 

self‐adaptive and user‐driven

CH3: The need for reference models for self‐adaptation that address dynamicity at all levels

8

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CONTRIBUTIONS ON DYNAMICCONTEXT MANAGEMENT

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Planning

Execution

Monitoring

Analysis

Uncertainty in Self‐Adaptation Necessity of Dynamic Context Management

Adaptation Process

Monitoring requirements evolve over time due to 

uncertainty

Effectiveness of Self‐adaptation depends on dynamic capabilities of 

monitoring mechanisms to preserve context‐awareness 

throughout the adaptation process

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Contributions (1): The SMARTERCONTEXTOntology and Context Spheres

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• Modeling support for: – Context entities and their relationships– Context reasoning rules– Context monitoring requirements– Privacy policies

• Adaptable at runtime• Fully extensible• Empowers users as context managers

Our semantic web solution to context modeling 

Villegas and Müller: The SmarterContext Ontology and its Application to the Smart Internet: A Smarter Commerce Case Study. (Springer 2013)

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Contributions (2): The SmarterContext Reasoning Engine

Efficient context inference with extensible and adaptive reasoning rules

Villegas and Müller: The SmarterContext Ontology and its Application to the Smart Internet: A Smarter Commerce Case Study. (Springer 2013)

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Contributions (3): The SMARTERCONTEXTInfrastructure

Realizes dynamic context management across the context life cycle Adaptive monitoring logic Adaptive monitoring architecture

Villegas, Müller, et al.: A Dynamic Context Management Infrastructure for Supporting User‐driven Web Integration in the Personal Web.  In CASCON 2011 (ACM)

Tamura, Villegas, Müller, et al.: Improving Context‐Awareness in Self‐Adaptation using the DYNAMICO Reference Model.In SEAMS 2013 13

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To apply user‐centric dynamic context management to 

improve user QoE

Evaluation:Situation‐Aware Smarter Shopping

Ebrahimi, Villegas, Müller and Thomo: A Context‐aware Deal Recommendation System based on the SmarterContextEngine. In CASCON 2012 (ACM). Best Paper Award (2012). CAS Project of the Year Award (2011)

14

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Evaluation:Situation‐Aware Smarter Shopping

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Potential to enable new e‐commerce business models

Applicability

Effectiveness(accuracy of 

recommendations)

Efficiency (reasoning engine)

Qualitative evaluation Quantitative evaluation

Four software prototypes(SURPRISE, SMARTERCONTEXT engine, SMARTERCONTEXT infrastructure for shopping, SMARTERDEALS)

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CONTRIBUTIONS ON REFERENCE MODELSFOR DYNAMIC SELF‐ADAPTATION

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• Three levels of dynamicity• Specific interactions clearly defined

• Goal: maintain context monitoring relevance

Villegas, Tamura, Müller, et al.: DYNAMICO: A Reference Model for Governing Control Objectives and Context Relevance in Self‐Adaptive Software Systems (LNCS, 2013)

Villegas, Tamura, Müller, et al.:  Improving Context‐Awareness in Self‐Adaptation using the DYNAMICO Reference Model. (SEAMS 2013)

Contributions (4): DYNAMICO: Reference Model for Context‐Aware Self‐Adaptation

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Case Study: Znn.com

The Target System(response time and contents quality)

SLA QF1: Throughput (ms/request)

Our DYNAMICO Implementation(QoS‐CARE + SmarterContext)

Context: ms/request

SLA QF1 

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The Target System(response time and contents quality)

SLA QF2: Capacity (text or multimediaaccording to bandwidth)

SLA QF2

Our DYNAMICO Implementation(QoS‐CARE + SmarterContext)

Context: ms/request

SLA QF1 

Context: bandwidth up/down

Text‐basedContents

SLA QF1: Throughput (ms/request)

19

Case Study: Znn.com

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DYNAMICO: An Implementation (1)

• Hierarchical feedback‐loops

• Context as a knowledge source

• Maintains context relevance wrt control objectives

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DYNAMICO: An Implementation 

(2)• Monitor probes, gatherers, and processors dynamically deployed

21

Villegas, Tamura, Müller, et al.:  Improving Context‐Awareness in Self‐Adaptation using the DYNAMICO 

Reference Model. (SEAMS 2013)

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Evaluation

• Goal:  To evaluate DYNAMICO’s applicability and effectiveness

• Evaluation Scenario: based on the SEAMS’s Rainbow/Znn.com reference exemplar

• Criteria:

22

Engineering Effort(man hours to add self‐adaptive capabilities)

Performance(settling time and 

processing overhead)

Effectiveness(QoS preservation under changing 

contexts)

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Evaluation Results (1)

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Engineering Effort (man hours)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Sensors (3) Coding and Testing Adaptation Scripts Target System AdaptationArchitecture

DYNAMICO

Rainbowman

hours

Cheng et al.: Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Rainbow Self‐Adaptive System. (SEAMS 2009)Villegas, Tamura, Müller, et al.:  Improving Context‐Awareness in Self‐Adaptation using the DYNAMICO Reference 

Model. (SEAMS 2013)

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Evaluation Results (2)

24

Performance (settling‐time)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

DYNAMICO Rainbow

Target System Adaptation

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Evaluation Results (3)

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Performance (settling‐time and overhead)

DYNAMICO: Monitoring Infrastructure Adaptation

SLA 1(msec)

SLA 2(msec)

CO‐FL (Analyzing changes in goals) 698 732

M‐FL (Analyzing the new monitoringstrategy)

21 29

A‐FL (Implementing the new monitoring strategy) 1,131 1,579

Total MTTR* 1,850 2,340

Target System Overhead 3 3

* Mean time to reconfigure

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Evaluation Results (4)

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Effectiveness (QoS Preservation under changing contexts)

Adapting theMonitoring Infrastructure is a Key Factor 

to Maintain Context Relevance and Self‐Adaptation Effectiveness

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ONGOING AND FUTURE WORK

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On Dynamic Context Management

• Monitors and Analyzers that exploit predictiveanalytics

• Uncertainty management through viabilityzones

• Industrial validation of SmarterContext in thee‐commerce domain (for user‐centric systems)

• Further development of the SmarterContextframework

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On Reference Models and Models at Runtime for Self‐Adaptation

• Runtime models for the assurance of self‐adaptive systems at the three levels:– Objectives: requirements specifications– Adaptation: states of the managed system– Monitoring: context entities, monitoring requirementsand strategies

• Runtime interactions among these models(causally connected)

• Runtime models for the management of viabilityzones

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Adaptation Spectrum

ControlTheory

[20] [3] [4] [24]

Hybrid

[5] [8] [27] [1] [9] [10] [14] [15] [18] [23] [25]

Software Engineering

[6]

Continuous signals affecting behavioral parameters

Adaptation Dimension 1: Control Actions

Adaptation Dimension 2: Managed System’s StructureNon‐modifiable structure

Discrete operations affecting the software architecture

Modifiable structureSoftware models and reflection

Villegas, Müller, Tamura, et al.:  A Framework for Evaluating Quality‐Driven Self‐Adaptive Software Systems. (SEAMS 2011)

On Exemplars and Evaluation Frameworks

Ideal exemplars: based on the spectrum of adaptation strategies

30

Znn.com is a good startingpoint. However, we need 

more versatile exemplars and evaluation frameworks.

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Selected Publications

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• Norha Villegas’s Dissertation: http://dspace.library.uvic.ca:8080/handle/1828/4476• Tamura, Villegas, Müller, et al.: Improving Context‐Awareness in Self‐Adaptation using the DYNAMICO 

Reference Model. In Proceedings 8th International I Symposium SEAMS 2013, pages 153‐162, ACM.• Villegas and Müller. The SmarterContext Ontology and its Application to the Smart Internet: A Smarter 

Commerce Case Study, volume 7855 of LNCS, pages 151‐184.Springer 2013. • Villegas, Tamura, Müller, et al.: DYNAMICO: A Reference Model for Governing Control Objectives and 

Context Relevance in Self‐Adaptive Software Systems, volume 7475 of LNCS, pages 265‐293. Springer, 2013.

• Tamura, Villegas, Müller, et al.: Towards Practical Runtime Verification and Validation of Self‐Adaptive Software Systems, volume 7475 of LNCS, pages 108‐132. Springer, 2013.

• Villegas and Müller: Managing Dynamic Context to Optimize Smart Interactions and Services, pages 289‐318. Springer‐Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010.

• Ebrahimi, Villegas, Müller, and Thomo: SmarterDeals: A Context‐aware Deal Recommendation System based on the SmarterContext Engine. In CASCON 2012, pages 116‐130, ACM.

• Muñoz, Tamura, Villegas, and Müller. Surprise: User‐controlled Granular Privacy and Security for Personal Data in SmarterContext. In CASCON 2012, pages 131‐145,  ACM.

• Villegas, Müller, et al.: A Framework for Evaluating Quality‐driven Self‐Adaptive Software Systems. In Proceedings 6th International Symposium ICSE –SEAMS. 2011 pages 80‐89, ACM.

• Villegas, Müller, et al.: A Dynamic Context Management Infrastructure for Supporting User‐driven Web Integration in the Personal Web. In CASCON 2011,  pages 200‐214, ACM.


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