e Nnnnn Nnnnnnnnn

8/3/2019 e Nnnnn Nnnnnnnnn

1/71

ENGLISH


2/71

ALPHABET

A a

( ei )

Bb

( bi )

C c

( ci )

D d

( di )

E e

( i )

F

( ef )

G g

( yi )

H h

( eich )

I i

( ai )

Jj

( yei )

K k

( key )

L l

( el )

M m

(em )

N n

( en )

O o

( ou )

P p

( pi )

Q q

( kiu )

R r

( ar )

S s

( es )

T t

( ti )

U u

( ou )

V v

( vi )

W

(dabli)

X x

( ex )

Y y

( uay )

Z z

(zi)

NAME

D I A N A C R U Zdi ai ei en ei ci ar ou zi


3/71

SONG

Artista:Kansas Letras

lbum:Point Of KnowReturn

Ano: 1977

(Kerry Livgren) Dust In The Wind :

I close my eyes, only for a moment, and the moment's gone

All my dreams, pass before my eyes, a curiosity

Dust in the wind, all they are is dust in the wind

Same old song, just a drop of water in an endless sea

All we do, crumbles to the ground, though we refuse to see

Dust in the wind, All we are is dust in the wind

Don't hang on, nothing lasts forever but the earth and sky

It slips away, all your money won't another minute buy
http://www.letrasmania.com/artista/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/artista/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/artista/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/album/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234_letras_point_of_know_return_5953.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/album/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234_letras_point_of_know_return_5953.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/album/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234_letras_point_of_know_return_5953.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/album/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234_letras_point_of_know_return_5953.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/artista/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234.html


4/71

Dust in the wind, All we are is dust in the wind

Personal Pronouns (Pronombres

personales)

En ingls no existe la forma "usted" o "ustedes" formal. Por lo tanto los nativos de lalengua ni siquiera lo tienen conceptualizado como una forma aqu llamada "formal".

Se tiene que entender entonces que la forma masculina, femenina y neutra son lomismo, lo nico que les diferencia es el gnero.

Adems, ten en cuenta que en ingls slo existe una forma para "tu" y "vosotros" -"you," excepto en la forma reflexiva que distingue entre el singular (yourself) yplural (yourselves).

Pronombres personales

(funcin de sujeto)Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo

I yo Play

I am ill.Yo estoy enfermo.

You t, ustedPlay

You are tall.T eres alto. / Usted es alto.

He lPlay

Heishandsome.l es guapo.

She ellaPlay

Sheispretty.Ella es guapa.

It ello (neutro)Play

It is cold today.Hoy hace fro.

We nosotros Play Nosotros estamos cansados.
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-1.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-1.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-1.mp3


5/71

We are tired.

You vosotros, ustedesPlay

You are angry.

Vosotros estis enfadados. Ustedes estn

enfadados.

They ellos, ellas

Play

They are at the

cinema.

Ellos estn en el cine.


(funcin de objeto)Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo

Me mPlay

Can you help me?Puedes ayudarme?

You a t, a ustedPlay

I can help you.Puedo ayudarte. / Puedo ayudarle.

Him a lPlay

Can you see him?

Le puedes ver?

Her a ellaPlay

Give it to her.Dselo a ella.

It a elloPlay

Give it a kick.Dale una patada.

Us a nosotros Play

Can you see us?Nos puedes ver?

Youa vosotros, a

ustedes

Play

I seeyou.Os veo. / Les veo.

Them a ellos Play Les puede ayudar.
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-7.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-7.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-8.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-8.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-9.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-9.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-10.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-10.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-11.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-11.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-12.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-12.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-13.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-13.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-14.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-14.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-15.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-15.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-16.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-16.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-16.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-15.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-14.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-13.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-12.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-11.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-10.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-9.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-8.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-7.mp3


6/71

He can help them.

NeuterForm (Forma neutra)

Los pronombres en ingls distinguen entre masculino (he), femenino (she) y neutro(it), tal y como se muestra en latabla de pronombres.

El pronombre personal "it" se utiliza cuando nos referimos a cosas, a animales queno sabemos su sexo o al tiempo (calendario y meteorolgico).

Ejemplos: Where is it [the book]? (Dnde est [el libro]?) What is its [the dog] name? (Cmo se llama [el perro]?) What time is it? (Quhoraes?) It is raining. (Estlloviendo.)

Nota: "It es una particula muy importante en ingls de la que los hablantes delengua espaola se suelen olvidar.

Function (Funcin)

Dentro de los pronombres personales, el ingls distingue entre pronombres enfuncin de sujeto y pronombres personales enfuncin de objeto.

1. El pronombre en funcin de sujeto.Este pronombre en ingls, a diferencia del espaol, debe figurar siempre:

o I am ill. (Estoyenfermo.)o Subject = I

2. El pronombre en funcin de objeto.Este pronombre se coloca detrs del verbo al que complementa o detrspreposiciones como "for", "to", "with" y "at".

o I can help you. (Puedoayudarte.)o Subject = I, Object = youo Can you see him? (Puedesverle?)o Subject = you, Object = himo He is going to the party withus. (Esta yendo a la fiesta con nosotros.)o Subject = he, Object = uso It is [the letter] foryou.(Es [la carta] para ti.)o Subject = it, Object = you
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.php


7/71

TASK 1

Personal Pronouns.

1. El pronombre en funcin de sujeto.

Personal

Pronouns. EXAMPLEI I am ill. I am veryhapy

YouYou are tall. You are fast

HeHeishandsome He isgood

SheSheispretty Sheisbeautiful

ItItiscoldtoday It is a good school

WeWe are tired We are sorry

YouYou are angry. You are glad

TheyThey are at the Theu are goodpupils.

2. El pronombre en funcin de objeto.

EXAMPLE:

.Can you helpme? He gives them to me?

.Can you seehim? Do you sometimes help him?

.Giveit to her. He writesher?

.Giveit a kick. I makeit?


8/71

.Can you seeus? He tellsus?

. I seeyou. Who explain it to you?

.He can helpthem. We are going to show it to them?

NeuterForm

Example

Where is it [the book] It is time to go?

What is its [the dog] name? Whatistoday?

Itisraining. Whwtis the cat?

What time isit? She tells it to him?

TASK 2

PossessivePronouns

Pronombres posesivos(en funcin de determinante delsujeto)

Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo

My mi, mis Thisismyhouse. Esta es mi casa.

Your tu, tus (de t) / su, sus(de usted)Thisisyourbook. ste es tu libro. / ste es su libro.

His su, sus (de l) Thisishisbicycle. sta es su bicicleta.

Her su, sus (de ella) Thisisherdress. ste es su vestido.

Its su, susThisisits (thecat's)home.

sta es su casa. (la casa del gato)

Our nuestro/a nuestros/asThese areoursuitcases.

stas son nuestras maletas.

Your vuestro/a, vuestros/as, These are yourseats. stos son vuestros asientos. stos


9/71

su,sus (de ustedes)

son sus asientos.

Their su, sus (de ellos) These are theirbooks. stos son sus libros.

Pronombres posesivos(en funcin de pronombre) Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo

Mine mio/s, ma/s Thisbookismine Este libro es mio.

Yourstuyo/s, tuya/s, suyo/s,suya/s

Isthisbookyours?

Este libro es tuyo? / Este libroes suyo?

Hissuyo/s, suya/s(de el)

Thisbicycleishis. Esta bicicleta es de l.

Herssuyo/s, suya/s(de ella)

Thedressishers. El vestido es de ella.

Its su, susOurs nuestro/s, nuestra/s Thesuitcases are ours. Las maletas son nuestras.

Yoursvuestro/a, vuestros/as,suyo/s, suya/s

Theseseatsareyours.Estos asientos son vuestros. Estosasientos son suyos.

Theirssuyo/a, suyos/as (deellos)

Thisbookistheirs. Este libro es de ellos.

EXAMPLE

Thisismyhouse. ThisismycarThisisyourbook. Thisisyourruler.Thisishisbicycle. Thisishisbutherfly.Thisisherdress.- Thisishersweater-This is its (the cat's) home. This is its (the dog's) home.These are oursuitcases. These are ourmaps.These are yourseats. These are yourtables.

These are theirbooks These are theirtelephones.


10/71

Pronombres posesivos

(en funcin de pronombre)

Thisbookismine Thisruleris mineThisbicycleishis. ThisisyourtableThe dressishers. ThiseraserishisThe suit cases are ours. Its shoes is are googThe seseatsaryours. The pencils are oursThisbookistheirs. This pen istheirs.

Function (Funcin)

En funcin de artculo determinativo del sujeto:

EXAMPLE

My car is blue

Hisbikeis red

Myhouseissmall

His Money isgreen.

Mycatissmall.


11/71

Possessive vs. GenitivePronouns (Pronombresposesivos y el genitivo)

EXAMPLE

Washington is he capital of the United States

Quito is the capital of Ecuador.

Bogot is capital of Colombia

Lima is the capital of the per.

EXAMPLE

Question (pregunta):Where is your sister?

Whereisyourmother?

He is at cars my parents?Whosebooksthis?

Whosedogsthis?

Windows this?

Whose Windows this?

Whosepicturethis?

EXAMPLE

Her dress...

Andreas drees

Pablosmother

Rosassister

Pedrosschool

Luisasfather

Jorges car.


12/71

DemonstrativePronouns (Pronombres

demostrativos)

Es importante comenzar sealando que los pronombres pueden estar en singular oplural y que pueden hacer referencia a la distancia:

This(Este/a/o) That(Ese/a/o, aqul, aquello/a) These(Estos/as) Those(Esos/as, aqullos/as)

Ejemplos: Singular and here (singular y aqu): I likethis car. (Me gusta este coche.) Plural and here (plural y aqu): I like these cars. (Me gustanestoscoches.) Singular and there (singular y all): I like that car. (Me gustaesecoche.) Plural and there (plural y all): I likethose cars. (Me gustan aquellos coches.)

Play

Los pronombres demostrativos pueden ir acompaados de un nombre como vemosen los ejemplos anteriores, o pueden ir solos como en los siguientes ejemplos:

This is a good book. (Este es un buen libro.) What is that? (Queseso?)

Play

Other Uses of DemonstrativePronouns (Otros usos delos demostrativos)

1. Podemos utilizarlos cuando nos presentamos a otra persona al otro lado de la lneatelefnica:

o Hello. This is Alicia. (Hola. Soy Alicia.)

Play
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-1.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-1.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-1.mp3


13/71

2. O cuando no estamos seguros de con quin estamos hablando al otro lado de lalnea o a alguien que no vemos por que estamos en un sitio oscuro o en otrahabitacin:

o Peter, is that you? (Erestu, Peter?)

Play

3. "This": Tambin lo podemos utilizar cuando presentamos a personas:o Lucy, this is my friend Jill. (Lucy, esta es mi amiga Jill.)

Play

4. "That": Tambin lo podemos utilizar para referirnos a algo del pasado:o That pizza wasdelicious. (Aquella pizza estaba riqusima.)

Play

Nota: Tanto puede ser una pizza que acabamos de comer como una pizza quecomimos en las vacaciones del ao pasado.

TASK 3

DemonstrativePronouns (Pronombres

demostrativos)

EXAMPLE

I like this car.

Plural andhere I likethese cars.

I likesthisdog

I likethesedogs.

He lkikethispencil

He likesthesepencils.

This is a good This is a good notebook.
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-4.mp3


14/71

book. This is a good telephone.

Other Uses of DemonstrativePronouns (Otros usos delos demostrativos)

EXAMPLE

Hello. This is Alicia

That pizza wasdelicious

Lucy, this is myfriendJill.

Thatmanwascharming

Thisismysister

This orange wasenticing.

This is Carlos

Thishouseisbeautiful.

TASK 4

ReflexivePronouns (Pronombres

reflexivos)

Pronombres reflexivos(en funcin de pronombre)

Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo

Myself yo mismo, a mi I sawitformyself. Yo mismo lo v.

Yourselft mismo (a ti),usted mismo (austed)

Don'tburnyourself!No te quemes! / No sequeme!

Himselfl mismo, a simismo

He hurthimself. Se hizo dao.

Herself

ella misma, a si

misma Shediditherself. Lo hizo ella misma.


15/71

Itselfl mismo, asmismo

Thecatscratcheditself. El gato se rasc.

Ourselvesnosotrosmismos

Wemadeitourselves.Lo hemos hecho nosotrosmismos.

Yourselvesvosotrosmismos,ustedes mismos

Didyoupaintthehouseyourselves?Pintsteis la casa vosotrosmismos? / Pintaron lacasa ustedes mismos?

Themselves ellos mismos Theywerespeakingtothemselves.Ellos hablaban consigomismos.

.

I saw it for my self We made it our selves.Don'tburnyourself! Didyoupaintthehouseyourselves? He hurthimself. They were speaking ot hem selves.She did it her self. We painted the house our selves

Thecatscratcheditself. I diditmyself

EXAMPLES

MY SELFI said for my selfI read it form my selfI laid it for my self

Your selfDont beat your selfDont dug your selfDont hide your self.

HIM SELFHe hurt him selfHe undergo him selfHe win him self.

He withdraw him self.He put him self.

HER SELFShe bear it herself.She beat it her self.She give it her self.

She lean it her self.She tear it her self.

IT SELFThe cat scratched it self.The dog tore it selfThe chiken undergo it self.The bear beat it self.

OUR SELVESWe made i tour selves.We begin i tour selves.We beat i tour selves.We know i tour selves.


16/71

YOUR SELVESDid you pain the house your selves.Did you sing the song your selves.Did you write the task your selves

Did you paint the book your selves.Did you listen the lesson your selves.

THEM SELVESThey were speaking to them selvesThey were listening to them selvesThey were looked to them selves

They were dreamt to them selvesThey were undergo to them selves

ReciprocalPronouns (Pronombres recprocos)

John and Peter speak to eachother everyday German and Mary lean to eachothereveryday

TASK 5

Ourselves nosotros mismos Wemadeitourselves.Lo hemos hecho nosotros

mismos.

Yourselvesvosotros mismos,

ustedes mismos

Didyoupaintthehouseyour

selves?

Pintsteis la casa vosotros

mismos? / Pintaron la casa

ustedes mismos?

Themselves ellos mismos Theywerespeakingtothemselves. Ellos hablaban consigo mismos.

PronounsTable


(funcin de sujeto)Ejemplo

Traduccin

ejemplo

I yo I am ill.Yo estoyenfermo.

You t, usted You are tall.T eres alto. /Usted es alto.


17/71

He l He ishandsome. l es guapo.

She ella She ispretty. Ella es guapa.

It ello (neutro) It iscoldtoday. Hoy hace fro.

We nosotros We are tired.Nosotrosestamoscansados.

You vosotros, ustedes You are angry.

Vosotros estisenfadados.Ustedes estnenfadados.

They ellos, ellas They are at the cinema.Ellos estn en elcine.

Pronombres personales(funcin de objeto)

Ejemplo Traduccinejemplo

Me m Can you help me?Puedesayudarme?

You a t, a usted I can help you.Puedo ayudarte.

/ Puedoayudarse.

Him a l Can you see him? Le puedes ver?

Her a ella Giveit to her. Dselo a ella.

It a ello Give it a kick. Dale una patada.

Us a nosotros Can you see us?Nos puedesver?

Youa vosotros, austedes

I see you.Os veo. / Lesveo.

Them a ellos He can help them.Les puedeayudar.


(en funcin de determinante de sujeto)Ejemplo

Traduccin

ejemplo

My mi, mis Thisis my house. sta es mi casa.

Yourtu, tus (de t) /su, sus (de usted)

Thisis your book.ste es tu libro. /ste es su libro.

His su, sus (de l) Thisis his bicycle.sta es subicicleta.

Her su, sus (de ella) Thisis her dress.ste es suvestido.

Its su, sus This is its (the cat's) home.sta es su casa.(del gato)


18/71

Ournuestro/anuestros/as

These are our suit cases.stas sonnuestrasmaletas.

Your

vuestro/a,vuestros/as, su,sus (de ustedes)

These are yourseats.

stos sonvuestrosasientos. stosson sus asientos.

Their su, sus (de ellos) These are theirbooks.stos son suslibros.


(en funcin de pronombre)Ejemplo

Traduccin

ejemplo

Mine mio/s, ma/s Thisbookis mine Este libro es mo.

Yours tuyo/s, tuya/s,suyo/s, suya/s Isthisbookyours?

Este libro es

tuyo? / Estelibro es suyo?

Hissuyo/s, suya/s(de el)

Thisbicycleis his.Esta bicicleta esde l.

Herssuyo/s, suya/s(de ella)

The dressis hers.El vestido es deella.

Its su, sus

Oursnuestro/s,nuestra/s

The suitcases areours.Las maletas sonnuestras.

Yoursvuestro/a,vuestros/as,suyo/s, suya/s

Theseseats areyours.Estos asientosson vuestros.Estos asientosson suyos.

Theirssuyo/a, suyos/as(de ellos)

Thisbookistheirs.Este libro es deellos.

Pronombres reflexivos

(en funcin de pronombre)Ejemplo

Traduccin

ejemplo

Myself yo mismo, a mi I sawitformyself. Yo mismo lo v.

Yourself t mismo (a ti),usted mismo (austed)

Don'tburnyourself! No te quemes! /No se queme!

Himselfl mismo, a simismo

He hurt himself. Se hizo dao.

Herselfella misma, a simisma

She did it her self.Lo hizo ellamisma.

Itselfl mismo, asmismo

The cat scratched it self. El gato se rasc.

Ourselves nosotros mismos We made it our selves.

Lo hemos hecho

nosotros


19/71

mismos.

Yourselves

vosotros mismos,

ustedes mismos

Did you paint the

houseyourselves?

Pintsteis lacasa vosotros

mismos? /Pintaron la casaustedes mismos?

Themselves ellos mismosThey were speaking to themselves.

Ellos hablabanconsigo mismos.

EXAMPLES

I

I am speak spanish

I am a good student.

Iam study the lessson.

I am play the guitar.

YOU

You are beautiful

You are good

You are bad

You are listen to music.

HE

He is fat

He is careful.

He is administration.

He is afectionate.

He isagreeable.

SHE

She is clothier.

She is companion.

She is compatriot

She is competitor

Sheisconfident.


20/71

IT

It is airy.

It is capacius.

It is carcass.

It is careles.

Itis caricature.

WE

We are convicts.

We are daintys.

We are decisives.

We are designer.

We are demandigs

YOU

You are chancellor.

You are children.

You are civilian.

You are clerk.

You are client

THEY

They are carefuls

They are carelees.

They are cookies.

They are dementeds.

They are devout.

EN FUNCIN DE DETERMINANTE DEL SUJETO

MY

This is my house.

This is my dog.

This is my cat.

YOUR

This is your book.

This is your ruler.

This is your sweater.


21/71

This is my table.

This is my car.

This is your shoes.

This is your notebook.

HIS

This is his bicycle.

This is his dish.

This is his watch.

This is his box.

This is his potato.

HER

This is her dress

This is her leave.

This is her knife.

This is her mouse

Thisisherchild

ITS

This is the cats home

This is the park

This is the clasroom

This is the TV

This is the chalk

OUR

These are our suit cases

These are our tries

These are our daugther

These are our sister

These are our niece

YOUR

These are your seats

These are your curtain

These are your matress

These are your brush

These are yourletter

THEIR

These are their books

These are their picture

These are their mail

These are their sweet

These are theirorange.

PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS.


22/71

MINE

This book is mine

This pencil is mine

This calculator is mine

this computer is mine

YOURS

Is this book yours?

Is this screen yours?

Is this atlas yours?

Isthisdictionary?

HIS

This bycicle is his

This videotape is his

This information desk is his.

Thismagazaneishis.

HERS

The dress is hers

The loudstapes is hers

The flag is hers

The boardeaser is hers.

ITS

Its house is for you?

Its Bookshelf is for you?

Its notebook paper is for you?

Its graph paper is for you?

Its slide projectos is for you?

OURS

The suit cases are ours.

The trubtack are ours.

The seat are ours.

The card catalog are ours.

The microfilm are ours.

YOURS

These seats are yours.

These bus are yours.

These office bulding are yours.

These lockes are yours.

These Gym are yours.

THEIRS

This book is theirs.

This looker roomis theirs.

This mailroom is theirs.

This copy machine is theirs.

Thiscabinetistheirs.


23/71

PRONOMBRES INDEFINIDOS

Pronombre Explicacin Espaol Singular Plural

Playall

una cantidad entera(cosas/personas)

todo X X

Playanother

una persona/ cosaadems, diferente

otro X

Playany

da igual cuantosalgn,ningn,

cualquier

X X

Playanybody/anyone

cualquiera personaalguien,nadie,cualquiera

X

Playanything

cualquier cosaalgo, nada,cualquier

X

Playanywhere

cualquier lugarcualquierlugar

X

Playboth

dos personas o cosasambos/losdos

X

Playeach

cada uno, separadocada, cadauno

X

Playeither

una o otra entre dospersonas o cosas

cualquiera(de 2)

X

Playenough suficiente cantidad bastante X

Playevery

cada persona o cosa,todos

cada, todos X

Playeverybody/everyone

todas las personas todos X

Playeverything

todas las cosas todo X
http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_all.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_all.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_another.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_another.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_any.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_any.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anybodyany.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anybodyany.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_both.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_both.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_each.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_each.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_either.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_either.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_enough.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_enough.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_every.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_every.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everybodye.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everybodye.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everybodye.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_every.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_enough.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_either.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_each.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_both.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anybodyany.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_any.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_another.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_all.mp3


24/71

Playeverywhere

por todas partes todos partes X

Play

few

una cantidad

pequea (contable) pocos, unos X

Playfewer

una cantidadreducida

menos X

Playless

una cantidad mspequea

menos X

Playlittle

una cantidadpequea (incontable)

poco X

Playmany

una cantidad grande(contable)

muchos X

Playmore

una cantidad msgrande

ms X X

Playmost

la mayora, casitodos

la mayora X X

Play

much

una cantidad grande

(contable)

mucho X

Playneither

ni una o otra entredos personas o cosas

ninguno (de2)

X

Playnobody/no one

ninguna persona nadie X

Playnone

nada, ningunapersona o cosa

ningn,nada

X X

Playnothing

ninguna cosa nada X

Playnowhere

ningn lugar ningn lugar X

Playone

una persona noidentificada

un, uno X

Playother

otra persona o cosa otro X
http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_few.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_few.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_fewer.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_fewer.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_less.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_less.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_little.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_little.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_many.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_many.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_more.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_more.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_most.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_most.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_much.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_much.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_neither.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_neither.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nobodynoon.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nobodynoon.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_none.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_none.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nothing.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nothing.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nowhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nowhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_one.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_one.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_other.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_other.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_other.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_one.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nowhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nothing.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_none.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nobodynoon.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_neither.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_much.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_most.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_more.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_many.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_little.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_less.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_fewer.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_few.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everywhere.mp3


25/71

Playothers

otras personas, nonosotros

otros X

Play

several

ms de dos pero no

muchas varios X

Playsome

una cantidad noespecificada

algn, algode

X X

Playsomebody/someone

una persona noespecificada

alguien X

Playsomething

una cosa noespecificada

algo X

Playsomewhere

un lugar noespecificado

algn lugar X

Playsuch

de un tipo yamencionado

tal, tan X X

Playthey

gente en general ellos X

Play

you

una persona no

especificada(informal) tuX

EXAMPLES

ALL

The pencil is all the table

The people isall the world

The children is all the school.

he peoples is a ll the

hospital

ANOTHER

Maria is anhoter people.

The information is anhoter.

This is anhoterschoool

Thisisanhoterbooks.
http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_others.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_others.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_several.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_several.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_some.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_some.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somebodyso.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somebodyso.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_something.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_something.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somewhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somewhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_such.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_such.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_they.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_they.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_you.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_you.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_you.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_they.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_such.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somewhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_something.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somebodyso.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_some.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_several.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_others.mp3


26/71

ANY

Any dogs and cats.

Any to look.

Any speak english.

ny Listening to music.

Any spoke spanish.

ANY BODY

There isnt any body home.

There isnt any body school.

There isnt any body bocks.

ANYTHING

Is anything good

Is anything bad

Is anything far from Ecuador.

Isanythingdear.

ANYWHERE

I choose any where.

I draw any where.

He eat any where.

Sheanywhereread.

BOTH

uan both Rosa.

The cat and the dog both beautiful.

The guitar and maracas both are

instruments musicals.

EACH

The pen and the pencil each 20cents

The orange and bananas each 30cent.

The shoes and sweater each 50 cents.

The ruler and book each 1.20 cents

EIGTHER

The house is cither the river and themountain.

The school is eithers the park and the

church.

ENOUGH

I have enough bananas.

She have enough potatoes.

He had enough task

Maria have enough fruits

Luis have enough shoes.


27/71

EVERY

Every night in my house.

Every spring in the park

Every summer he sing.

Every autumm she is happy.

EVERY BODY

Everyone is here already

They have been waiting for you

Everyone walk in the park.

Everyone eat the fruts.

Everyone wash the clothes.

EVERY THING

Every thing naturals are beautiful.

Every thing are mine.

Every thing of the past

Everythingnormals.

EVERY WHERE

Every where exist the animals

Every where play childrens.

Every where fly the bee.

Every where he had sing.

Every where exist the poverty.

FEW

Twenty is few

The few orange.

One hundred is few

One few diner in the bank

Maria have few of cents.

FEWER

One fewer the diner

Rosa and fewer of saving

Twenty is fewer the two.

Pedro had fewer years.

Juan have fewer animals.

LESSRosa have less orange

He have less of potatoes

She had less of the 27pple.

LITTLEThe river havelitlewter.

In the world had little wter.

I have Little hair.

She had Little the books.


28/71

MANY

Luis have many Money

He had many friends.

She had many sisters

Jorge had many dogs.

Theyhavemanyanimals.

MORE

I have more pencils

She have more dogs.

He have more tables.

One day have more minutes.

Juan have more money

MOST

The most of animals are mammal.

The most of children play in the house

and the school.

The most of mans have cars.

The most of women are beautiful.

MUCH

I have much Money.

He had muchs clients.

She have much cars.

Pedro had much hauses.

He have much animals.

NEITHER

Paty and Nicolas heiters are good.

Neither Im like.

Neither is bad.

Neitheristall.

NOBODY

Nobody wants to work today.

Nobody play in the school.

Nobody speak in the clasroom.

Nobody eat in the restaurant.,

NONE

None children have the task.

None father leave the children.

None car Im to pleace.

None instrument musical is bad.

NOTHING

Nothing father is bad.

Nothing children is ugly

Nothing friend is good.

Nothingtaskisdificult.

NOWHERE

Nowhere park is secure.

ONE

One car is red.


29/71

Nowhere river is secare.

Nowhere city is beautiful.

Imnowere city have school.

One children have hunger.

One woman dancing.

One men play the guitar in the park.

OTHER

Other person dancing.

Other men is bad.

Other house is beautiful.

Other pencil Im have.

OTHERS

Others persons studies.

Others animals are bad.

Other friends playing.

Others childrens to fish.

SEVERAL

Several persons are in the church.

Several womens have car

Several childrens are students.

Severalfatherhavehouse.

SOME

Some cars is in the park.

Some animals is in the river.

Some people is in the bank.

Some friend a have computer.

SOMEBODY

Somebody left their their jacket.

Its so cold outside ,Im sure they will be

back for it soom.

Some body sing in the church.

SOMETHING

There is something on the floor

There is something on the nigth

There is something on the noon.

There is something on the tomorrow.

SOMEWEREImsomewere are butherfly.

Imsomewere have trees.

The rabit live in somewere.

The flower is in somewere.

SUCHSuch as person

Such as is the friend.

He such dancing.

She such play maracas.


30/71

THEY

They people have flowers .

They speak english.

They drink the wter.

They cat some frutts.

They are beautifuls.

YOU

You friend is bad.

You friend is tall.

You mother is my friend.

Are you Reading your book.

Are you writing a letter.

1Q1 of 10:Where is David? _____ is at home.

His


31/71

She

He

HimQ2 of 10:Can you help _____?

me

I

we

they

Q3 of 10:Where is the book? _____ is on the table.

He

It

She

--

Q4 of 10:_____ house is blue.

You

It

Yours

YourQ5 of 10:These seats are _____.

theirs

them

they

their

Q6 of 10:Whose bike is it? Itis __________.


32/71

Sarah

she

Sarah'sof Sarah

Q7 of 10:I like _____ book.

this

those

these

--

Q8 of 10:_____ seats are ours.

That

This

--

ThoseQ9 of 10:Did you paint the house? Yes, we painted the house __________.

yourselves

ourselves

ourself

itself

Q10 of 10:Alice and Paul see __________ everyday.

themselves

themself

yourselves

each other


33/71

2Q1 of 4:Can you see ...

us?

we?

our?

Q2 of 4:The dress is ...

her

of she

hers

Q3 of 4:Did you paint the house ...

you?

yourselves?

youselve?

Q4 of 4:Give it to ...

her

she

hers


34/71

EXAMPLES

Were is Maria?She is at bus

Were is Pedro?He is in the school

Where is Pablo?He is in the house.

Where is Manuel? He is at home

Where is the pencil?It is in the table.

Where is the car?It is in the park.

Were is the eraser? Is on the table.

Were is the church? Is oposite the bank

You sweater is blue.

It is red car.

You house is black.

She have one dess pink.

It pen is the colour red.

These tables are theirs.

They have some Money.

These seats are theirs

They speak english and spanish.

Theystudy the lesson.

whose is this? Is of Maria

Whose bank is it? Is of Carla.

Whose bike is it? Is of Carolina.

Whose church is it? Is of Dayana

I like this table.

I like this artis.

I like this song.

I like this fruits.


35/71

This shoes are ours.

This sweaters are ours.

This blouses are ours.

This fads are ours.

Did you paint the car? Yes ,we painted

car yourselves.

Did you hurt yourselves?when you see yourselves in the mirror

when you see yourselves in the mirror

did you hurtyourself?


36/71

LESSON 2 THE ARTICLEThe Definite Article (El artculo determinado)

Los artculos definen a un nombre y siempre estn situados delante delnombre. En ingls, a diferencia del castellano, no tienen gnero niforma plural. En castellano decimos "el coche" (gnero masculino,singular) o "las casas" (gnero femenino, plural) y en ingls es "the car"y "the houses" (gnero neutro: it). "The" corresponde a los siguientesartculos en espaol: el, la, los, las.

Ejemplos:

MASCULINO/SINGULAR

The boy (el nio) The book (el libro)

MASCULINO/PLURAL

The boys (los nios) The books (los libros)

FEMENINO/SINGULAR

The girl (la nia) The table (la mesa)

FEMENINO/PLURAL

The girls (las nias) The tables (las mesas)


37/71

Examples: The chair The door The seat The hawk The dog The cat The car The ruler The pencil

The book

Este artculo puede ir precedido de las preposiciones "of" o "to".En ingls no hay contraccin de preposicin y artcula ("Del" = "ofthe" y "al" = "to the").

Ejemplos:

The days of the week. (Los das de la semana) I am going to the garden. (Me voy al jardn.)

Examples:

The name of my country is Ecuador

I like the Catys car

I like the Anabanthas music

I like the Angie song

I tried to play the guitar

The monts of the year


38/71

I leave to the school

The primary colors

I leave to the work

Uses Of The Definite Article (Usos delartculo determinado)

1. Cuando sabemos de quin o de qu estamos hablando.Utilizamos "the" para indicar algo o alguien en particular,por ello se llama definido. Hablamos de algo o alguien

concreto que tanto el emisor como el receptor del mensajeconocen porque ya ha salido anteriormente en laconversacin o porque los dos lo conocen previamente.

Ejemplos:

What is the name of the restaurant? (Cul es elnombre del restaurante?)

Do you remember the day we went to New

York? (Recuerdas el da que fuimos a NuevaYork?)

Who is the president of the United States?(Quin es el presidente de los EstadosUnidos?)

The doctor is very good. (El mdico es muybueno.)

Examples

What is the name of the city. (Cual es el nombre de la ciudad)

Do you remember the day we went to ITALIA? (Recuerdas el da quefuimos a ITALIA?)

Who is the president of the ECUADOR? (Quin es el presidente de losECUADOR?)


39/71

The architet is very good. (El arquitecto es muy bueno.)

2. Con los nombres de regiones geolgicas, cadenas demontaas, mares, ocanos, grupos de islas, ros ypases en plural.

Ejemplos: The United States (Los Estados Unidos)

The Netherlands (Los Pases Bajos)

The Andes (Las montaas Andes)

The Atlantic Ocean (El ocano Atlntico)

The Canary Islands (Las islas Canarias)

The Nile River (El ro Nilo)

The costal regin

The rocky mountains

The white city

The islands tortoises

The Sierra regin

The Oriental regin

The haway islands

The ecuatorial regin

The Ocean Pacific

The Guayas River


40/71

3. Para hacer referencia a direcciones (right, left, top,bottom) y a los puntos cardinales (north, south, east,west).

Ejemplos: the south of France (el sur de Francia) the house on the left (la casa de la izquierda) the top of the page (arriba de la pgina/la parte

superior de la pgina

Examples:

The north of Ecuador

Under the house

In the center of the earth

To the colombia south

The church of the right

The park of the center

The north of America (EL NORTE DE AMERICA)

The park of to the front (EL PARQUE DE AL FRENTE)

The later part of the leaf (PARTE POSTERIOR DE LA HOJA)

The southeast of frica (EL SURESTE DE AFRICA)

The house of up (LA CASA DE ARRIBA)

4. Con los adjetivos en grado superlativo y nmerosordinales:


41/71

Ejemplos:

the tallest building (el edificio ms alto) the strongest man (el hombre ms fuerte) the first time (la primera vez) the second floor (la segunda planta)

Examples: The house but highLA CASA MAS ALTA

The boy but small EL NIO MAS PEQUEO

The tenth time LA DECIMA VEZThe first plant LA PRIMERA PLANTA

The dog but fat EL PERRO MAS GORDO

The airplane but quick EL AVION MAS RAPIDO

The second time LA SEGUNDA VEZ

The hole but deep EL HUECO MASPROFUNDO

The river but I release EL RIO MAS LARGO

The third plant LA TERCERA PLANTA

The fifth time LA QUINTA VEZ

The smallest man

The shortes pants

The third place

The littlest mouse

The fourth King

The river but big


42/71

The country but small

The man but strong

The city but it cleans

The first part

When Not To Use The Definite Article (Cuando no usamos elartculo determinado)

1. Cuando hablamos de algo en general.

Ejemplos: I like ice cream. (Me gusta el helado.) Math is difficult. (Las matemticas son difciles.)

Examples:

I like natural science

I hate math

I like cold places

America is big

Rusia is the biggest continent.

The life is beautiful LA VIDA ES HERMOSA

The school is pretty EL COLEGIO ES LINDOIt is rich the chocolate EL CHOCOLATE ES RICO

The rosy one is a pretty color EL ROSADO ES UN COLORLINDO

My dog is brave I like the music

The reading is good

I like to swim


43/71

The literature is difficult

I like the poetry

2. Nunca utilizaremos "the" cuando nos referimos a latelevision, o cuando nos referimos a las horas de lascomidas, los das de la semana, los meses del ao, lasestaciones, los aos o la hora.

Ejemplos:

I do not like to watch television [TV]. (No me

gusta verla

televisin [tele].) I have an appointment on Monday. (Tengo unacita el lunes.)

We eat breakfast at 9:00. (Comemos eldesayuno [Desayunamos] a las 9:00.)

Examples:

I don like to watch american idol

I eat my lunch at 14:00

I like arrive at clases at 7:30

I hate Monday days

I came at home at wednwsday.

I don't like the soccer

We converse in recess

We eat lunch at 12h o'clock

I don't like to dance

3. Con instituciones y modos de transportacin cuandoestamos hablando en general.


44/71

Ejemplos:

We like school. (Nos gusta la escuela.) I go to work by train. (Voy a trabajo en tren.) They go to church on Sundays. (Van a la iglesia

los domingos.)

My Examples: We like school. (Nos gusta la escuela.)

I go to work by train. (Voy a trabajo en tren.)

We like the song

I go to the school in bus

They to the park on Saturday

I go of walk in bicycle

We like to laugh

We like to travel

They to the zoological one on Fridays

I will swim on foot

They to the school in taxi

4. No se utiliza el artculo con nombres de ciudades ninombres de lugares en general, aunque hay algunasexcepciones como hemos visto en el apartado anterior.Adems, no se utiliza el artculo con lagos o calles.

Ejemplos:

I went to Lake Titicaca. (Fui al lago Titicaca.)


45/71

She lives on Flores Street. (Vive en la calleFlores.)

My Examples:I went to United states last month

I like to travell to London

I like to know Canada

I see an accident in San Gabriel.

I live in san Gabriel

I went to the city of I Remove

The Andes lives in the street

I went to the river guayas

I went to the new restaurant

The Indefinite Article (El artculoindeterminado)

El significado de "a" o "an" es el mismo y se utilizan para indicaralgo o alguien en singular. Nunca lo utilizaremos para referirnos ams de una cosa.

"A" o "an", corresponde a los siguientes artculos en espaol: un,

una.

Grammatical Rules (Reglas Gramaticales)

1. "A" se utiliza con nombres que comienzan porconsonante.


46/71

Ejemplos:

a book (un libro) a pen (un bolgrafo) a chair (una silla) a girl (una chica)

Examples:

A tree

A door

A toothpaste

A windou

A shirt

A car

A bull

A pencil

A cow

A bicycle

2. "An" se usa con nombres que comienzan por vocal.

Ejemplos: an animal (un animal) an ice cream (un helado) an example (un ejemplo) an orange (una naranja) an umbrella (un paraguas)

Examples:


47/71

An Apple

An ancient

An opera song

An dayAn angel

An pear

An oil bowl

An houseAn montain

An table

Excepciones:

Usamos "a" antes de las palabras que comienzan por laletras "u" o "eu" cuando estas son pronunciadas como el

sonido figurado "yu".

Ejemplos:

a university (una universidad) a euro (un euro)

Examples:

A universo

A dollar

A school

A orange

A house


48/71

A market

A church

A river

A cent

A statue

"An" se usa con palabras que comienzan con una "h", peroslo cuando esta no se pronuncia.

Ejemplos: an hour (una hora) a hospital (un hospital)

Examples:

a leaf

a thread

a home

an egg

a hole

a bone

a print

a tool

a horseshoe

a hyena


49/71

Uses Of The Indefinite Article (Usos del artculoindeterminado)

1. Se utiliza para hablar de algo en general.

Ejemplos:

He has a computer. (El tiene un ordenador.) We work in a school. (Trabajamos en una

escuela.) I want an orange. (Quiero una naranja.

My Examples:

I want a book

I want a cake

I want an orange

We work in a project

We study in a school

We work in a theater

He has a computer

He has a store

He has a business

I want a scholarship


50/71

2. Tambin puedes usarlo en vez de "1".

Ejemplos:

I want an apple and two oranges. (Quiero unamanzana y dos naranjas.) There are a hundred students in the school.

(Hay cien estudiantes en la escuela.)

Examples:

There are five schools in the city

There are two stores in the neighborhood

I have five rocks

You have two doves

There are three giraffes

I want a chocolate

I have a doll

There are two hundred cars

I want twenty books

I have three hundred colors

You have two pairs of shoes

There are three beds in my house


51/71

3. Se usa para referirnos a una cosa por primera vez. Laprxima vez que nos referimos a esta cosa, utilizaremos elartculo determinado.

Ejemplo:

I live in an apartment. The apartment is big.(Vivo en un piso. El piso es amplio.)

Examples:

study in a school. The School is big

I live in a city. The city is clean

I work in a company. The company is pleasant

I live with my parents. My parents are good

I play in the park. The park is small

I live with my friend. My friend is kind

I work in the hospital. The hospital is sad

I travel in the bus. The bus is slow

Slip the museum. The museum is beautiful

I study in the school. The school is particular


52/71

4. Se usa para hablar del oficio de alguien o de afiliacinpoltica.

Ejemplos:

Maria is a doctor. (Mara es mdico.) Juan is an architect. (Juan es arquitecto.) I am a democrat. (Soy demcrata.)

Examples:

Pedro is veterinary

Your you are honest

He is respectful

Mara is a chauffeur

Norma is Baker

Lola is a nurse.

I am a student

I am revolutionary

Mauricio is painting

Sofia is a teacher


53/71

Prepositions (Las preposiciones)Las preposiciones son una de las partes de la lengua inglesa que mscuesta aprender a los hablantes de lengua espaola. Por ello esrecomendable memorizar las diferentes variaciones y usos dependiendo desi hablamos de preposiciones de lugar, movimiento o tiempo. Veremos quemuchas de las preposiciones se repiten en los diferentes apartados. Por ellose recomienda hacer ejercicios prcticos que sean variados y que nosayuden a ver la diferencia entre ellos.En otros casos veremos que habr expresiones que simplemente tendremosque memorizar. Es altamente recomendable que el alumno lea diferentestextos de diferentes fuentes para facilitar el aprendizaje.

Son unas de las preposiciones ms comunes que se pueden usar paraindicar lugar o tiempo: in,at and on.

INSignificado: en, dentro, dentro deUso (lugar): Se usa para indicar tanto espacios cerrados como espaciosabiertos. Lo utilizamos para indicar que algo est dentro de una cosa, en unlugar cerrado, o en el interior de algo fsicamente. Sin embargo, como vemosen los ejemplos tambin se utiliza para indicar que se est en un lugargeogrfico.

Ejemplos:

I liveinBrighton. (Vivo en Brighton.) The cat isinthe box. (El gato est dentro la caja.) I found your addressinthe phone book. (He encontrado tu direccin en la

gua telefnica.) My parents arriveinFrance on Monday. (Mis padres llegan a Francia el

lunes.)

EJEMPLOS:

She is in the table.I live in San Gabriel.The dog is in the house.She live in Mexico.The pencil is in the table.The board is in the school.The eraser is in the table.Carlos live in Bogot.Juan live in Macas.


54/71

Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con meses, aos, pocas, partes del da, yperodos de tiempo (duracin).

Ejemplos:

We went to MexicoinMay. (Fuimos a Mjico en mayo.) I always runinthe mornings. (Siempre corro por las maanas.) I will see himina week. (Le ver en una semana.) She was bornin1976. (Naci en 1976.)

EXAMPLES.We went to Canada in September.You went to Esmeraldas in December.He went to Ibarra in May.

She went to Tulcn.Carlos was born in 1827.I always arrive the afternoon.I will see you in one month.Juan died in 1966.Carlos lives in medellin.He died in September of 1991.

ATSignificado: en, a, al, cerca de, tocandoUso (lugar): Se usa delante de edificios como casas, aeropuertos,universidades (para indicar que estamos dentro), antes de "top" (partesuperior), "bottom" (parte inferior), "the end of" (al final de), para indicaracontecimientos como reuniones, fiestas, conciertos, deportes, etc..., detrsde "arrive" (llegar) cuando nos referimos a lugares que no sean ciudades opases.

Ejemplos:

He isathome. (l est en casa.) I always visit my sisteratwork. (Siempre visito a mi hermana en el trabajo.) We eatatthe table. (Comemos en la mesa.) I will see himatthe theatre. (Le ver en el teatro.) Her name isatthe bottom of the page. (Su nombre est en la parte inferior

de la pgina.) When did you arriveatthe airport?(Cundo llegaste al aeropuerto?)

PlayUso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos delante de la hora y de fiestas.

Ejemplos:

He runs every morningat6. (l corre cada maana a las 6.) I will see thematChristmas. (Les ver en Navidad.)

Mara eats in the morning at 5 o'clock
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-03.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-03.mp3


55/71

Salome walks in the afternoon at 6:30 o'clock.We eat in the house.They walk in the park.He is in the church.

Pedro this in the park.Rosa works in the market.We study in the afternoonWe read in the night.

ONSignificado: sobre, encima de algo, tocandoUso (lugar): Se coloca delante de nombres de lugares con base comomesas, suelos, etc, cuando nos referimos a lugares de una habitacin

como techo o pared y para indicar que alguien est dentro de un transportepblico o en una planta de un edificio. Ejemplos:

The pen isonthe table. (El bolgrafo est sobre la mesa.) They have a photograph of Parisonthe wall. (Tienen una foto de Pars en la

pared.) I amonthe bus. (Estoy en el autobs.) Her apartment isonthe second floor. (Su piso est en la segunda planta.)

EXAMPLES.The pizarrn is in the wall.And l clock is in the wall.Tita this in the bus.Juan is in the moto.My house this in the second floor.Carlos lives in the third floor.The draft is in the tableThe handbag is in the seatThe computer is in the table.

Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con das de la semana, fechas y fiestas. Ejemplos:

We went to Mexicoonthe first of May. (Fuimos a Mjico a primeros demayo.)

He runsonMondays and Fridays. (l corre los lunes y los viernes.) I will see Luisonhis birthday. (Ver a Luis en su cumpleaos.)

Examples:Carlos went to machala in December.Lisa went to Spain in September.


56/71

He walks on Thursdays and on Saturdays.She studies on Sundays in the afternoon.I will see Martha in their marriage.I will see to luis in their party.

Pedro eats in the restaurant on Mondays and on Saturdays.Juan attended the church on Tuesdays and on Fridays.He writes a book on Thursdays and on Sundays.io

Las preposiciones de lugar se colocan detrs del verbo principal, quesuele ser el verbo "to be" (estar, ser) en cualquiera de los tiempos pasados,presentes o futuros y en sus formas tanto simples como compuestas.

NEXT TO (BESIDE)

Significado: al lado de, junto aUso: Tanto "next to" como "beside" se pueden utilizar indistintamente.Utilizar una forma u otra depender del hablante y del contexto.

Ejemplos:

The supermarket isnext to (beside)the bank. (El supermercado est juntoal banco.)

Sitnext to (beside)me. (Sintate a mi lado.)EXAMPLES:The church this next to the park.The office this next to Mara's house.The market this next to the butcher shop.My house this next to the church.The park this next to the office.The bank this next to Juan's house.Police's station this next to the Pan-American one.The radio this next to the central market.The market of clothes this next to the theater.

BYSignificado: cerca, al lado de, junto aUso: Se puede utilizar en los mismos contextos que "next to" pero elsignificado de "by" es ms como "cerca" en castellano.

Ejemplos:

I sitbythe window. (Me siento a lado de la ventana.) Our house isbythe river. (Nuestra casa est cerca del rio.)

EXAMPLES:The church is next to the bank.The restaurant is next to the police station.The bank is next to the church.

My house is next to the river.


57/71

Rosas house is nexto the marketShe live nexto the parkHe dancing next to the bar.They listen to music nexto the bank.

BETWEENSignificado: entre

Ejemplos:

The shop isbetweenthe bank and the train station. (La tienda est entre elbanco y la estacin de tren.)

She is standingbetweenPeter and John. (Permanece de pie entre Pedro yJuan.)

Examples:

The table this between the bed and the closet.The cook this between the table and the refrigerator.The computer this between the closet and the table.I am stopped between carlos and juan.The seat this between the refrigerator and the ccosina.The broom this between the dog and the cat.The supermarket this between the park and the church.The restaurant this between the park and the church.Carlos this between Mara and Rosa.

BEHINDSignificado: detrs de

Ejemplos:

The church isbehindthe school. (La iglesia est detrs de la escuela.) He is standingbehindyou. (Est de pie detrs de ti.)

Play

IN FRONT OF vs. OPPOSITESignificado: contrario, en frente de, opuesto, delante deUsos: La diferencia entre ellos es cuando estamos hablando de personas,"in front of" no implica estar delante y cara a cara, en cambio "opposite"significa delante y cara a cara.

Ejemplos:

The hotel isin front ofthe station. (El hotel est en frente de la estacin.) The bank isoppositethe market. (El banco est delante del mercado.) He is standingin front ofyou. (Est de pie delante de ti.) She is sittingoppositeme. (Est sentando en frente mo.)
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-09.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-09.mp3


58/71

Play

UNDERSignificado: debajo de

Ejemplos:

The ball isunderthe chair. (La pelota est debajo la silla.) The dog isunderthe tree. (El perro est debajo del rbol.)Examples:

The cat is under the table.The dog is under the tree.The pencil is under the chair.The be is under the flower.The fly flew under the tree

ABOVESignificado: por encima sin tocar

Ejemplo:

The clock isabovethe table. (El reloj est por encima de la mesa.)Nota: La traduccin literal puede llevar a confusin cuando la traducimos alcastellano, ya que en castellano diramos: "el reloj est colgado en la pared."Si quisiramos especificar diramos: "y por debajo en la misma pared estapoyada la mesa."Play

BELOW

Significado: por debajo sin tocar

Ejemplo:

The table isbelowthe clock. (La mesa est por debajo del reloj.)Nota: Como en el caso anterior, la traduccin literal de "below" puede llevara confusin. En este caso diramos que la mesa est apoyada en la mismapared en la que se encuentra el reloj colgado un poco ms arriba.

EXAMPLES:
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-10.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-12.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-12.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/prepositions-10.mp3


59/71

The door is below the window.The car is below the river.The telephone is below the table.

The clock is below the door.The pencil is below the table.The eraser is below the door.The ruler is below the window.me (Preposiones de tiempo)

BEFORESignificado: antes, antes deUso: Se coloca detrs de verbos y nombres o sustantivos.

Ejemplos:

Ring [call] mebeforeone. (Llmame antes de la una.) They arrivedbeforeme. (Llegaron antes que yo.)

They arrived before time

They played before twelve o'clockYou call me before the breakfastLend me before recessWe see each other before seven o'clock

AFTERSignificado: despus, despus de, trasUso: Se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos.

Ejemplos:

We will see youafterthe movie. (Te veremos despus de la pelcula.) I arrivedafterthem. (Llegue despus de ellos.)

I will see you after the partyYou arrived after CristinaWe will see each other after massYou will go after her

We will see each other after the dinner


60/71

DURINGSignificado: duranteUso: Puede ir seguido de verbos y nombres o sustantivos.

Ejemplos:

Dont talkduringthe movie. (No hables durante la pelcula.) I dont like to watch televisionduringthe day. (No me gusta ver la televisin

durante el da.)

Don't speak during the food

Don't eat during the mass

Don't laugh during the meeting

I don't like to leave during the night

Don't bother during the class

FORSignificado: duranteUso: Se coloca detrs de verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Aunque signifiquelo mismo que "during" no tienen exactamente el mismo matiz. Este se utilizapara expresar un perodo de tiempo ya sean das, horas, meses o aos.

Ejemplos:

I lived in Englandforthree years. (Viv en Inglaterra durante tres aos.) He studied for the examforone week. (Estudi para el examen durante una

semana.)

I took a bath during one hourConverse for telephone during five minutesTravel during five hoursI played the soccer game during twenty minutesI slept during eight hours


61/71

WHILESignificado: mientrasUso: Se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos.

Ejemplos: I will workwhileI can. (Trabajar mientras pueda.) He calledwhilewe were out. (Llam mientras estbamos fuera.)

As while he/she waits

He/she sings while he/she takes a bath

He/she paints while it relaxes himselfHe/she converses while he/she waits

I will sleep while he/she can

TOSignificado: hacia, direccin a (siempre indica movimiento)Uso: Se coloca detrs de los verbos de movimiento como ir, venir, volver,caminar, volar, etcEjemplos:

Ejemplos:

They cametothe wedding. (Vinieron a la boda.) Sofia flewtoCanada. (Sofia vol a Canad.)

The wine to the party.

She studies in the school of Ibarra.

Carlos flew to mexico.

Juan in route to the house

Pedro travels to the Chinese.

Lisandro in route to the corner.

The wine to the wedding.

She came to the house.

They traveled to Juan's house.


62/71

Prepositions (Preposiciones)

Leccin gramtica: PrepositionsCompleta las siguientes cuestiones y haz clic en el botn -Corregir Ejercicio-

para obtener la correccin de este ejercicio.

Q1 of 20: There are many tourists ___ New York.

in

at

to

Q2 of 20: I met him ____ the South of Spain.

on

at

in

Q3 of 20: My flat [apartment] is ___ the first floor.

onat

in

Q4 of 20: The meeting is ___ 3:30.

on

at
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/preposic.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/preposic.php


63/71

in

Q5 of 20: I'm going to Mexico City ___ this weekend.

at

on

-

Q6 of 20: We often go to the beach ___ the summer.

inat

on

Q7 of 20: My birthday is ___ the 10th of June.

at

on

in

Q8 of 20: His birthday is ___ May.

-

on

in

Q9 of 20: Every year I go home ___ Christmas.

at

on

in

Q10 of 20: Peter and Susan always go to church ___Christmas day.


64/71

on

at

in

Q11 of 20: We are getting married __ the spring.

at

in

onQ12 of 20: John lives near ___ Barcelona.

in

at

-

Q13 of 20: What time do you eat ___ the afternoon?

on

at

in

Q14 of 20: He goes ___ discotechs every night.

to

-

in

Q15 of 20: Where is Alex? He is ___ his apartment.

at

in


65/71

on

Q16 of 20: Sally is talking ___ Michael.

to

at

-

Q17 of 20: Where are you flying ___?

atto

on

Q18 of 20: We are meeting ___ the restaurant.

to

on

at

Q19 of 20: When do your parents arrive ___ Spain?

in

to

at

Q20 of 20: She will arrive ___ ten minutes.

on

in

at


66/71

Nouns (Los nombres)Los nombres se usan para referirse a personas, animales, cosas y objetos, eventos,lugares o ideas abstractas. Como hemos visto en la leccin sobre los artculos, losnombres no tienen gnero.

Ejemplos: teacher (profesor) dog (perro) ball (pelota) table (mesa) party (fiesta) house (casa) happiness (felicidad)

EXAMPLES:Car

Pencil

Board

Table.

Fly

Bee

Plural Nouns (Los nombres plurales)

A la mayora de nombres se les agrega una "-s" al final para formar el plural.

Ejemplos: camera / cameras (cmara/s) pen / pens (bolgrafo/s) house / houses (casa/s) car / cars (coche/s)

EXAMPLES.


67/71

Cars

Dogs

Teachers

Architects

Doctors

Kookies.

books

toys

choices

Excepciones:1. Palabras que terminan en consonante + "y": la "y" cambia a "i" y aadimos

"es"o Ejemplos:o party / parties (fiesta/s)o city / cities (cuidad/es)

EXAMPLES:

city cities (ciudad)

Party Parties Fiesta Fiestas

Puppy Puppies

Cachorro Cachorros

Library Libraries Biblioteca Bibliotecas

Country Countries Pas Pases

Baby Babies Beb Bebs

Sky Skies Cielo Cielos

Lady Ladies Seora Seoras

Fly Flies Mosca


68/71

Moscas Company.

Palabras que terminan en vocal + "y": aadimos una "s".

o Ejemplos:

o boy / boys (chico/s)o toy / toys (juguete/s)

EXAMPLES:ENJOYSPLAYSBUYSFRYSMARRYSCOPYSCRYSDRYSEMPLOYS

FLYSPAYSSAYSSTAYS

2. Palabras que terminan en "s", "ss", "sh", "ch", "x", "o": aadimos "es"o Ejemplos:o bus / buses (bus/es)o glass / glasses (copa/s)o brush / brushes (cepillo/s)o watch / watches (reloj/es)o box / boxes (caja/s)o tomato / tomatoes (tomate/s)

EXAMPLES:Lunch lunches


69/71

bus busesbrush brusheswatch watchesbox boxes

tomato

tomatoes

party - partiescity cities.

3. Palabras que terminan en "f" o "fe": cambiamos la "f" o "fe" por "ves"o Ejemplos:o leaf / leaves (hoja/s)o wife / wives (esposa/s)

EXAMPLES:Wolf Wolves Lobo Lobos

Life Lives Vida Vidas

Thief Thieves Ladrn Ladrones

Knife Knives Cuchillo Cuchillos

Shelf Shelves Estante Estantes

Half Halves Mitad Mitades

Leaf Leaves Hoja Hojas

Wife Wives Esposa Esposas

Dwarf Dwarves Enano Enanos

Irregular Plural Nouns (Plurales irregulares)

Muchos sustantivos se pluralizan de un modo irregular. Existen dos casos:

1. Cuando el singular y plural no cambian.


70/71

o Ejemplos:o Singularo fish (pez o pescado)o sheep (oveja)o Pluralo fish (peces o pescados)o fisheso sheep (ovejas)o sheeps

EXAMPLES:

sheep cordero(s)

deer venado(s)

moose alce(s)

fish pez(c-es)

trout trucha(s)

salmon salmn(es)

bass lobina (s)

series serie(s)

means medios

species especie(s)

Chinese chino(s)

Japanese japons(es)

Swiss suizo(s)

2. Cuando el plural vara de modo irregular. Por lo tanto, no existe regla lacual se pueda seguir y hay que aprenderse las formas irregulares de cada uno.


71/71

Singular Significado Plural Significado

man Hombre men hombres

woman Mujer women mujeres

child Nio children niosperson Persona people personas/gente

tooth Diente teeth dientes

foot Pie feet pies

mouse Ratn mice ratones

Date post:	06-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	dianisscmar
View:	223 times
Download:	0 times

e Nnnnn Nnnnnnnnn

Documents