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Superconductivity R&D Achievements
Superconductivity
R&D Achievements
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Technical Summary
- A SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) stores electric energyin a magnetic field generated by DC current flowing through a coiled su-perconductor (zero resistance).This SMES is the most effective energy stor-age system due to its high efficiency, fast response, semi-permanent lifeand control of active / reactive power
Technical Features
- Power quality solution for sensitive electric loads- Electric power supply for high quality, high reliability- CO²Reduction effect through operating efficiency improvement - Clean energy supply- Indemnity against economic losses
Research Results
- Development of the 3MJ/750kVA LTS SMES System(2003)- Development of the 1MJ/600kVA HTS SMES System (2007)- Development of the 2.5MJ/1MVA HTS SMES System (2008 -present)
Application Field and Market Circumstances
- Electric power company for power quality and load leveling- Semiconductor manufacturing, banks, hospitals, computer centers for sen-
sitive loads - Paper mills, chemical factories, steel plants for continuous process- Renewable energy (solar and wind power) for power quality- Smart grid for energy storage
Superconducting Magnetic Energy
Storage (SMES) System
3MJ/750kVA LTS SMES System
1MJ/600kVA HTS SMES System
SMES System Applications
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Sohn [email protected]
Technical Summary•Manufacture of High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) magnet using
HTS tape instead of copper wire.
•HTS magnets make up a key item in superconducting application fields likesuperconducting motors and superconducting magnetic energy storage sys-tems. This system comprises a superconducting coil to generate the mag-netic field, a cryocooler and cryostat to cool down and maintain lowtemperature, and a power source to supply current to the HTS coil.
Technical FeaturesThe cryogen free HTS magnet has many benefits: it can generate a field of3.6 tesla, which is greater than conventional electrical magnets. The magnetitself can be set on a table due to its small size and light weight. In addition,low-cost maintenance is possible as no liquid helium for cryocooling HTSmagnet is necessary.
Research ResultsKERI has been developing a tabletop cryogen free HTS magnet system since2007. This technology has been applied to develop superconducting propertymeasurement systems with attached cryocoolers. - Specifications: Magnetic field intensity at center: 3.6 T,
Diameter of room temperature bore: 68 mm
Tabletop Cryogen Free High Tc
Superconducting Magnet
Application Fields and Market OutlookKnowing the large-scale market of HTS magnet, usability-oriented development of such magnet isrequired for various applications, e.g. a magnet for a millimeter wave gyrotron, a magnet for eval-uating the magneto-optic Kerr effect and a magnet for physical properties measurement. Further-more, for chemical and biological separation, a compact scale magnet with a high field is needed.In this respect, our tabletop cryogen-free HTS magnet system technology is a milestone for theseapplication areas.
Intellectual Property Rights- Connection device for superconducting current lead- Measurement apparatus for superconductivity- Moving superconducting tape soldering device
GLOBAL MARKET FOR SUPERCONDUCTIVITY TECHNOLOGIES, 2011-2017 (MILLIONS of DOLLARS)
Source: BCC Research
Technical Summary•New concept rotating machine technology reducing motor volume and
weight to 1/3 and improving efficiency by 2% with a superconductor whichcan run current over 100 times within the same cross-section as conven-tional copper conductors.
Technical Features- Volume and weight less than 1/3 of conventional motors- 2% higher efficiency than conventional motors → High efficiency even at
low load operations- Low noise and vibration- Higher overload stability than conventional motors
Research Results
Superconducting Motor
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Application Fields and Market Outlook- Industry: Large motors for extruders, crushers, rolling machines, fans, pumps, etc.- Traffic: Electrical propulsion system for high speed trains and large ships- Military: Electrical propulsion system for navy ships and submarines- Generation: Ship generators, gas turbines, wind generators, new/retrofit large turbine generators
•Market Status for Superconducting Motor / GeneratorThe superconducting motor/generator market is expected to grow by a large 53% annually. 50% ofthe motor/generator market, or USD 33 billion, is expected to be replaced by superconducting ma-chines by 2020. Ship propulsion motors are expected to reach the market first with the Korean-market expected to open in 2014. In 2014 the Korean market expects to reach 5 military vessels and15 private ship building market vessels at 300 to 400 ships.
Intellectual Property RightsPrograms:- Superconducting motor design program- Program superconducting coil protection program via multi-channel voltage measurement
Patents;- Superconducting motor with on-board cooling system- Superconducting rotor for generator motors- Module type superconducting field coil- Joint structure high-temperature superconducting coil- Superconducting synchronous motor- Superconducting motor equipped with armature coil cooling device- Field coil of superconducting motor equipped with current lead part- Stator cooling structure of superconducting rotating machine- Superconducting field coil of closed circuit and superconducting motor operation method thereof
Size Comparison with ExistingMotor for Vessel Propulsion
•100 HP superconducting motor development Rating Capacity 100 HP Rating Speed 1800 rpm Frequency 60 Hz Power Factor 1.0 Terminal Voltage 380 V Poles 4 Field Coil Superconductor Bi2223 Field Coil Operating Temperature 30~40 K
•1300 HP (1 MW) superconducting motor development Rating Capacity 1 MW Rating Speed 3600 rpm Frequency 60 Hz Power Factor 1.0 Terminal Voltage 3300 V Poles 2 Field Coil Superconductor Bi2223 Field Coil Operating Temperature 30~40 K
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Technical Summary
At focusing on recent green-energy strategies, to establish HTS power cablesare one of the most promising technologies to solve chronic power shortagesin metropolitan areas as to transmit much higher power with the compactdimension, using high temperature superconductorinstead of the conventionalcopper conductors. Minimization of the civil complaints and environmental costs as well as ad-ditional costs for electrical facilities construction such as undergroundandtunneling works.The transmission cost is reduced with an increase of the transmission ca-pacity (5times more than conventional copper cables) with a low voltage level,and an uniform voltage-class of the underground grid, and unnecessary in-stallation of the ultra high voltage substation (154kV/345kV)HTS power cables which have a perfect shielding function against magneticfields, basically make to solve electromagnetic problems caused by conven-tional ultra-high voltage overhead lines and high voltage underground lines.Eco-friendly energy system to reduce green-house gases without uses of aflammable gas, oil or SF6
Technical Features
- Development of a 100m-3phase HTS power cable at 22.9kV / 50MVA andthe first real performance test success with international accredited insti-tutions, KINETRICS (CANADA) & KERI (KOREA) at the KEPCO Gochangtesting center.
- Development of a 154kV / 1GVA-class HTS power cable and performancetest.
- Establishment of national standards related to HTS power cable perform-ance test (KSC 6111-6): 3-phase HTS power cable, 154kV / 1GVA-class HTSpower cable and more.
Superconducting Power Cable
Application Fields and Market Outlook
The world market for HTS AC power cables is expected to reach about USD 310 B, and the Koreanmarket about one trillion won by 2030 (* Base: ISIS-5 Expected report reference). A consortium com-prising LS Cable and the Korean Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) which secured HTS power cabletechnologies through these research achievements, won an oversea contract for HTS power cable in-stallation under the Tres amigas project connecting the eastern, western and southern power gridsof the U.S. The Korean premium global HTS power cable technology is in a dominant position inter-nationally and in prior occupation of the market.To ensure sustainable growth in the national power grid, HTS power cable technologies are most im-portant in creating a low voltage/high capacity power system: Applied superconducting devices wereselected as one of the 8 KEPCO growth opportunities (2009).HTS power cable technologies form a backbone for large transmissions in constructing a nationwidegreen energy network.
Intellectual Property Rights
- Superconducting power cable and a manufacturing method thereof- High temperature superconducting power cable- Current lead using Rutherford cable (U.S. Patent)- Superconducting cable cooling characteristics simulation program- Inductive superconducting fault current limiter cable
AC Superconducting Power Cable, 22.9kV/50MVA, 154kV/1GVA
Termination for AC 154kV/1GVA HTSPower Cabl costs for electrical facilityconstruction such as underground and
tunneling work.Transmission costs are reduced with anincrease in transmission ca pacity (5timesgreater than conventional copper cables)at a low voltage level, uniform voltage-class on the underground grid, and un-necessary in-stallation ultra-high voltage
substations (154kV/345kV).HTS power cables have perfect shielding
against magneticfields, resolving electromagnetic problems
caused by conven-tional ultra-high voltage overhead linesand high voltage underground lines.
It forms and eco-friendly energy systemreducing green-house
AC 154kV/1GVA HTSPower Cable in Shield
Room
AC 154kV/1GVA HTSPower Cable in
Underground Tunnel
Cryogenic System forHTS Power Cable
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Technical SummarySecond-generation high-temperature superconducting (2G HTS) wire com-posed of REBa2Cu3O7-δ (REBCO, RE stands for Rare-Earth element) coatedconductor, has great potential to be utilized as an engineering conductor formany applications such as transmission cables, superconducting magnets,fault current limiters, motors, and generators. KERI is developing and man-ufacturing high-performance 2G HTS wire. Solution planarization by multi-nano layer coating process prepares the metal substrate used in making 2GHTS coated conductor. Textured MgO layers are deposited by Ion Beam As-sisted Deposition (IBAD). The superconducting layers based on REBa2Cu3O7-δ (including Y) films have been fabricated via Evaporation using Drum inDual Chamber (EDDC). We have demonstrated a high-performance 5 µm-thick SmBa2Cu3O7-δ (SmBCO) coated conductor with an Ic over 1500 A/cm-width at liquid nitrogen temperature and self-field.
Technical Features- Compared with current manufacturing methods such as electro-polishing
and mechanical polishing, our solution planarization process is simpler andless costly. It enables greater power density and increased physicalstrength, and generates less toxic waste.
- KERI has research Textured MgO substrates through improvement of theIBAD system and sought new materials to replace MgO \.
- Long-length SmBCO layers of over 20 meters were deposited using a costeffective, scalable co-evaporation process via batch-type drum in dualchamber. All deposition parameters influencing the composition, phase,and texture of the films were optimized via a unique combinatorial method.Thick SmBCO layers deposited under optimized conditions exhibit excellentcube-on-cube epitaxy. Such excellent structural epitaxy over the wholethickness results in exceptionally high Ic performance with an average Icof over 1000 A/cm for the whole 22 meter-long-wire and a maximum Ic ofover 1500 A/cm for a short 12 cm tape. The Ic values reported in this workare the highest ever reported from any lengths of cuprate-based HTS wireor conductor
High Temperature Superconducting
Coated ConductorResearch Results- We have developed a batch type reactive co-evaporation system with Drum in Dual Chamber called Evap-
oration using Drum in Dual Chamber (EDDC) to deposit an SmBCO layer on long metallic templates.Evaporated atoms from three metal sources in high vacuum are deposited on buffered metallic templateswound on a rotating metal drum in an upper reaction chamber. Superconducting SmBCO phase formsand grows through a cyclic process of deposition-diffusion-reaction in the EDDC system.
- Recording Ic at 77 K, a self-field exceeding 1,500 A/cm inwidth was demonstrated for 5 μm-thickSmBCO film via this cost-effective, scalable EDDC process. A higher Ic exceeding 1.5 kA/cm-w is possibleby further increasing the SmBCO layer thickness.
Application Fields- High temperature superconducting wire is a key component for superconductor electrical devices
in multiple applications such as superconducting cable, superconducting motor and SuperconductingMagnetic Energy Storage (SMES) systems.
- Superconducting magnets with high temperature superconducting wires can generate high magneticfield. So, HTS magnet can apply high magnetic field MRI, GHz class NMR and ICR which can longlife of human.
- A high current carrying conductor provides dramatic performance improvements, higher powerdensity, smaller size and significant cost benefits over conventional copper and aluminum wire.
Removal of iron particles from Si wafering sludge
Magnetic field analysis in the SUS magnetic filter
5μm-thick SmBCO Superconducting Layer MaintainingUniform Content and High Texture Quality.
Solution Planarization by Multi-nano Layer CoatingProcess (< 2 Nano-meter Surface Roughness)
EDDC : KERI Original Technology
IBAD : Individual Technology
SDP : First Development
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Technical SummaryHigh Gradient Magnetic Separation (HGMS) is a powerful technology, usedto separate widely dispersed contaminants from a host material. This tech-nology can separate magnetic solids from other solids, liquids, or gases. As the name implies, HGMS uses large magnetic field gradients to separateferromagnetic and paramagnetic particles. HGMS separators usually consistof a high field solenoid magnet, the bore of which contains a fine-structured,ferromagnetic matrix material. The matrix material locally distorts the mag-netic field and creates large field gradients in the vicinity of the matrix ele-ments. These elements then become trapping sites for magnetic particles andform the basis for magnetic separation. As it is a physical separation process,no additional waste is generated when HGMS is operated. Ferromagnetism isrelatively rare, being confined to compounds of iron, nickel, and cobalt andcertain rare earth elements. Para magnetism, on the other hand, is very com-mon, with 55 elements having paramagnetic properties. In sufficiently strongapplied fields through superconducting magnets, paramagnetic materials maybe more highly magnetized than some ferromagnetic materials. HGMS con-stituted with superconducting magnets makes separation of paramagneticmaterials possible.
Technical Features- SC magnet can generate 8 to 12 times greater magnetic field than electro-
magnets- SC magnet can remove paramagnetic materials and small particles- SC magnetic separator can occupy a small space- SC magnetic separator can quickly purify wastewater - HGMS system has no filter consumption or secondary waste- Lower energy consumption due to permanent current operation
Research Results- Manufacture of continuous superconducting magnetic separation
(80tons/day)- Purification of condenser wastewater at thermal power plants- Removal of iron particles from Si wafering sludge- Magnetic field analysis at SUS magnetic filter
Superconducting Magnetic Separation
Application Fields and Market Outlook- New SC magnetic separator market for the purification of industrial wastewater and domestic
sewage- Application of SC Magnetic Separation for recycling and useful metals recovery of scrap materials
Intellectual Property Rights- Superconducting joint of Bi-2212 HTS tape- Powder magnetic separator by SC magnet- Magnetic separator using open SC magnet- 64 K operation SC magnetic separator- Magnetic separator of oxygen in air
Application of SC magnetic separation- Purification of industrial wastewater: Dye, chemical plating, paper factory- Environmental conservation: Removal of As in underground water, radioactive substance from
atomic power plant, and heavy metals from exhausted mines- Resource refinement: Purification of kaolin, ceramic, silicon, and industrial materials
Continuous MagneticSeparator (80 ton/day)
Removal of Dye from Wastewaterby Adsorbent
Thermal Power WastewaterPurification via HGMS
Magnetic Field Analysis for Filter
