Early ExplorationEarly Exploration Ch. 2, Sec. 2Ch. 2, Sec. 2

VocabularyVocabularySagaSaga

line of demarcation line of demarcation

StraitStrait

circumnavigatecircumnavigate

DevoteDevote

alteralter

Seeking New Trade RoutesSeeking New Trade Routes

► Early maps did not include America.Early maps did not include America.► Showed threeShowed three continentscontinents—Europe, ______, —Europe, ______,

and Africa.and Africa. They were merged together in a gigantic landmass.They were merged together in a gigantic landmass. Landmass was bordered by ________.Landmass was bordered by ________. Some explorers thought Western (Atlantic) and Eastern Some explorers thought Western (Atlantic) and Eastern

(Pacific) Oceans ran together to form the ________________.(Pacific) Oceans ran together to form the ________________. No one at this time realized a huge landmass was missing. No one at this time realized a huge landmass was missing.

Also, didn’t realize how large oceans were.Also, didn’t realize how large oceans were.

► Portuguese were leaders in early Portuguese were leaders in early exploration.exploration. Hoped to find a new trade routes to China and India.Hoped to find a new trade routes to China and India. Also, wanted to find a more direct route to access ______ Also, wanted to find a more direct route to access ______

______ gold.______ gold.

Seeking New Trade RoutesSeeking New Trade RoutesEarly Portuguese VoyagesEarly Portuguese Voyages► ______ ______ of Portugal (also called Henry the ______ ______ of Portugal (also called Henry the

Navigator) laid the groundwork for the era of Navigator) laid the groundwork for the era of exploration.exploration.

► 1420, he set up a center for exploration on 1420, he set up a center for exploration on southwestern tip of Portugal.southwestern tip of Portugal. ““Where endeth the land and where beginneth sea.”Where endeth the land and where beginneth sea.” Brought in astronomers, geographers, and mathematicians Brought in astronomers, geographers, and mathematicians

to share their knowledge w/Portuguese ______ and to share their knowledge w/Portuguese ______ and __________.__________.

► Ships sailed south along the coast of Ships sailed south along the coast of West AfricaWest Africa (also known as the (also known as the Gold CoastGold Coast).). Gold Coast was an area where Portuguese traded for gold & Gold Coast was an area where Portuguese traded for gold &

ivory and started to buy ______ in the mid-1400’s.ivory and started to buy ______ in the mid-1400’s.

► In the 1480’s, King John II of Portugal urged his sea In the 1480’s, King John II of Portugal urged his sea captains to explore farther south along African coast.captains to explore farther south along African coast.

Bartholomeu DiasBartholomeu Dias (Portugal)(Portugal)

► 1487—King John II of Portugal sent Bartholomeu 1487—King John II of Portugal sent Bartholomeu Dias to explore southernmost part of ________.Dias to explore southernmost part of ________.

► Upon leaving, encountered a terrible storm that Upon leaving, encountered a terrible storm that carried him off course and around the southern carried him off course and around the southern tip of Africa.tip of Africa.

► Called it the “Cape of Storms”Called it the “Cape of Storms”► King John II named it “Cape of ______ ______” King John II named it “Cape of ______ ______”

hoping the passage would lead to a new route to hoping the passage would lead to a new route to India.India.

Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama (Portugal) (Portugal)► July, 1497—Vasco da Gama sailed around the July, 1497—Vasco da Gama sailed around the

Cape of Good Hope. Cape of Good Hope. ► He visited cities along the ______ African coast. He visited cities along the ______ African coast. ► Found an Arab pilot who knew the Indian Ocean Found an Arab pilot who knew the Indian Ocean

to help him get to ______ in 1498. to help him get to ______ in 1498.

Columbus Crosses the AtlanticColumbus Crosses the AtlanticViking VoyagesViking Voyages► Vikings reached ______ ______ and established Vikings reached ______ ______ and established

settlements in Iceland and Greenland in 800’s and settlements in Iceland and Greenland in 800’s and 900’s.900’s.

► A.D. 1000—According to Norse ______,Leif Eriksson A.D. 1000—According to Norse ______,Leif Eriksson explored land west of Greenland, known as explored land west of Greenland, known as ________. ________.

► Believe Vinland was North America, today known as Believe Vinland was North America, today known as Newfoundland.Newfoundland.

Spain Backs ColumbusSpain Backs Columbus► 1492—Spain drives out 1492—Spain drives out

last Muslim kingdom—last Muslim kingdom—focus on other goals . . . focus on other goals . . .

► Seafaring/trading!!!Seafaring/trading!!!► Queen Isabella backs Queen Isabella backs

Columbus for Columbus for 2 reasons2 reasons:: Columbus promised to Columbus promised to

bring ____________ to any bring ____________ to any lands he found.lands he found.

If he found a way to Asia, If he found a way to Asia, ______ would become very ______ would become very wealthy.wealthy.

► Queen promised Queen promised Columbus a share of any Columbus a share of any riches he gained from riches he gained from the lands he discovered.the lands he discovered. King Ferdinand

Queen Isabella

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus (Spain)(Spain)

► August 3, ______, he set sail from August 3, ______, he set sail from Spain.Spain.

► Based estimates of the earth’s size Based estimates of the earth’s size on the work of ________ (ancient on the work of ________ (ancient Greek astronomer).Greek astronomer).

► Believed Asia was about 2,800 miles Believed Asia was about 2,800 miles from Europe—2 month voyage. from Europe—2 month voyage.

► Set sail from Spain w/three shipsSet sail from Spain w/three ships::1.1. ________________________2.2. ________________________3.3. ________________________

► Ships had good winds, but after 1 Ships had good winds, but after 1 month, sailors began to worry. He month, sailors began to worry. He wrote:wrote:

----”Having trouble with the crew . . . I am told ”Having trouble with the crew . . . I am told that if I that if I persist in going onward, the best course of persist in going onward, the best course of action will action will be to throw me into the sea.” be to throw me into the sea.”

““Tierra! Tierra!” — “Land! Tierra! Tierra!” — “Land! Land!”Land!”

► ________ ____, 1492, a small island was ________ ____, 1492, a small island was spotted (now a part of the Bahamas). spotted (now a part of the Bahamas).

►Went ashore and claimed land for Spain Went ashore and claimed land for Spain and named it ____ ________. and named it ____ ________.

►He did not know he reached the __________. He did not know he reached the __________.

►He was convinced he had reached the He was convinced he had reached the islands off the coast of Asia, called the islands off the coast of Asia, called the _____ _____. _____ _____.

► Columbus returned to Spain, where Queen Columbus returned to Spain, where Queen and King gave him the title and King gave him the title “Admiral of the “Admiral of the __________.”__________.”

Later Later VoyagesVoyages► Made 3 Made 3

additional additional voyagesvoyages in in 1493, 1498, & 1493, 1498, & 1502.1502.

► Explored the Explored the __________ __________ Islands of Islands of Hispaniola, Hispaniola, Cuba, and Cuba, and Jamaica. Jamaica. Sailed along Sailed along the coasts of the coasts of Central Central America and America and northern ______ northern ______ ________.________.

► He claimed He claimed these lands for these lands for Spain.Spain.

Dividing the WorldDividing the World► SpainSpain and and PortugalPortugal wanted to wanted to

protect their claims—turned to protect their claims—turned to Pope Alexander VIPope Alexander VI for help. for help.

► 1493—Pope drew a 1493—Pope drew a ____________________________.____________________________.

Line of DemarcationLine of Demarcation---an imaginary -an imaginary line running down the middle of the line running down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean from the North Pole to Atlantic Ocean from the North Pole to the South Pole dividing the Americas the South Pole dividing the Americas between Spain and Portugal.between Spain and Portugal.

1.1. Spain controlled lands to the Spain controlled lands to the ____________.____________.

2.2. Portugal controlled lands to the Portugal controlled lands to the ____________.____________.

► Portugal said division favored Portugal said division favored Spain.Spain.

► 1494—1494—Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas signed. Moved the line farther signed. Moved the line farther west to accommodate _________.west to accommodate _________.

Draw the line Draw the line

of demarcation.of demarcation.

Exploring AmericaExploring America► 1499—1499—AmerigoAmerigo

VespucciVespucci mapped _____ mapped _____ ________ coastline. ________ coastline.

► Vespucci concluded Vespucci concluded South America was a South America was a continent by itself & not continent by itself & not part of ______.part of ______.

► European geographers European geographers called the continent called the continent “________” in honor of “________” in honor of him. him.

► Vasco Nunez deVasco Nunez de BalboaBalboa—was governor of a —was governor of a Spanish town in current Spanish town in current day Panama. He heard day Panama. He heard stories of the stories of the “great “great waters”waters” beyond the beyond the mountains.mountains.

► He formed an expedition He formed an expedition and hiked through the and hiked through the steamy jungles. He steamy jungles. He climbed a hill and saw a climbed a hill and saw a vast body of water.vast body of water.

► Balboa was first European Balboa was first European to see the ________ ______ to see the ________ ______ from the Americas. He from the Americas. He claimed it & adjoining claimed it & adjoining lands for Spain.lands for Spain.

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan—(Spain)—(Spain)► First person to _______________ (sail around) the First person to _______________ (sail around) the

world.world.► Sailed from Spain in 1519. Found a passage to the Sailed from Spain in 1519. Found a passage to the

Pacific through the Strait of __________.Pacific through the Strait of __________.► Named it Pacific, which means “_________”.Named it Pacific, which means “_________”.► Expected after rounding South America to reach Expected after rounding South America to reach

Spain in a few short weeks. Spain in a few short weeks. ► Voyage across Pacific lasted ____ months.Voyage across Pacific lasted ____ months.► Crew ran out of food. Started to eat Crew ran out of food. Started to eat rats, rats,

sawdust,sawdust, and and leatherleather to stay alive. to stay alive.► Magellan was killed by a poisoned arrow in the foot Magellan was killed by a poisoned arrow in the foot

and a spear in the heart from a battle in the and a spear in the heart from a battle in the Philippines.Philippines.

► One of the fiveOne of the five original ships and only original ships and only 18 of18 of the the original original 200 men200 men actually made it back to ________. actually made it back to ________.

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan—Voyage—Voyage