Chapter 2 Sec 2English Colonies in America

North American Exploration

English Exploration

John Cabot May 1497 Nova Scotia Disappeared 2nd

voyage No colonization for

80 years Lack of $ No real reason Allied w/Spain

against France

What drove people from England to America?I. Religion

Protestant Reformation-1517 Martin Luther John Calvin**

(congregations choose own elders and ministers) Impacted England and later America

King Henry VIII had just created the Anglican Church (broke from Catholic Church)

Differing views on the Anglican Church Puritans

Wanted to purify the church

Influenced by Calvin Clashed with James I

who did not want changes

What drove people from England to America?II. The economy

The Enclosure Movement Wool demand increased English landowners could make more money

raising sheep than renting out land Converted their lands to sheep farms

Many tenant farmers homeless and jobless Better chance at life by leaving England

Economy Cont’d

Wool supply outgrew demand-1550

Looking for new markets Formed Joint-stock companies

Pooled money of investors Raised more $ for big projects Eng merchants could trade with

& colonize other parts of world independently of government

What drove people from England to America?III. Politics Growing rivalry with Spain

England leading Protestant power Netherlands(Dutch)-Protestant Spanish tried to suppress Protestants in Nether.

Queen Eliz sent privateers to attach Spanish ships -

Spain leading Catholic power England needed outposts to support naval

operations against Spain

Roanoke Mystery

Sr. Walter Raleigh set up the first Eng. colony in the Americas Near current NC/VA Roanoke He named the land

“Virginia” in honor of the “Virgin Queen” Elizabeth

Roanoke Mystery Cont’d

1585 1st group Raleigh sent 100

men Hard winter-left

1587 2nd group 91 men, 17 women,

9 children Gov.John White ret’d

to England for supplies-return delayed

Eng/Spain war

Roanoke Mystery Cont’d

Gov White returns 1590

Colony is gone No bodies Empty houses “CRO” carved on

post Still a mystery http://www.schooltube.com/video/89

c920dac3962b0ae572/

Jamestown

Settled1606 by a charter from

King James 1 The Virginia

Company John Smith leader 3 ships & 144 men

Settled on banks of river

James River & Jamestown

Named after king Swampy/mosquitoes

Jamestown Troubles

Environment Swampy/mosquitoes/disease

Lack of survival knowledge Did not know about living in woods and how to

fish and raise livestock Lack of food

Politics Upperclass “gentleman” refused to work Arguing in government Lawlessness

Jamestown Troubles Cont’d

200 new settlers in 1608 53 still alive by end of year

John Smith/Chief Powhatan heroes Smith traded with Powhatan Confederacy

(Native Americans) Kept settlers alive

1609 400 more settlers in August Not enough food before winter Stole from N. Americans who attacked

Jamestown Troubles Cont’d

“The Starving Time” Winter 1609-1610 Ate dogs, rats,

snakes, toadstools, horsehides

A few-cannibalism Dug up graves & at

people

Jamestown never thrived

Tobacco Saves the Colony

The colony lasted, mostly thanks to John Rolfe and his cultivation of tobacco

Rolfe developed new curing method

The First Assembly

Virginia governed by House of Burgesses 1st representative

government in the colonies

Representatives called burgesses

After an attack by N. Americans in 1622 on Jamestown, James I revoked Charter-Royal Colony (Gov. appt by King)

  Patrick Henry before the House of Burgesses in an 1851 painting by Peter F. Rothermel

Settling the Land

Settlers lured by “headrights” Bought share in

company or paid for passage – got 50 acres of land

First Africans arrive 1619 Settlers purchased

20 Africans as “Christian servants”

Other Colonies and Their Founders 1. Virginia – (see previous notes) 2.Maryland – Lord Baltimore, for Catholics to

have freedom to worship 3.Massachusetts – John Winthrop, a refuge

for Puritans 4.Rhode Island – Roger Williams, for

government with no authority in religious matters, he was a separatist

Other Colonies Cont’d

5.Connecticut – Thomas Hooker, they adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, the first written constitution in the colonies

6.New Hampshire – was started by a royal charter due to overcrowding in Massachusetts. Maine was as well but later was bought back by Massachusetts

Other Colonies Cont’d

7&8. New York and New Jersey – originally founded by Henry Hudson for the Dutch but King Charles sent his brother James to take it for England

9&10Pennsylvania and Delaware– William Penn, refuge for Quakers, love and pacifism for all

Other Colonies Cont’d

11&12. North and South Carolina – King Charles gave this land to his political allies, mostly for farming

13.Georgia – James Oglethorpe, a place for poor English debtors to start over