Date post: | 30-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | gannon-black |
View: | 22 times |
Download: | 2 times |
Pre-historic Unit “Our Earliest Ancestors”, by Ann Gibbons
•What were some of the challenges for paleoanthropologist, Tim White, while searching for fossil remains?
Hominid - refers to members of the family of humans or human like creatures
Pre-historic Unit “Our Earliest Ancestors”, by Ann Gibbons
• Numerous hominid species– Sahelanthropus tchadensis – “Toumai”, 7 mya– Orrorin tugenensis – “Millennium Man”, 6 mya– Ardipithecus ramidus – “Ardi”, 4.4 mya– Australopithecus aferensis - “Lucy”, 3.2 mya– Australopithecus africanus – “Taung Child”, 1.5 mya– Homo habilis- “Tool Man” 2 mya– Homo erectus – “Upright Man”, 1.8 mya– Homo sapiens – 500,000 ya– Homo neanderthalensis - 50,000 ya– Cro-Magnon, 40,000 ya
Pre-historic Unit “Our Earliest Ancestors”, by Ann Gibbons
• Sahelanthropus tchadensis – “Toumai”, 7 mya
c. 7 mya
Why is it hard to prove “Toumai” walked upright?
Pre-historic Unit “Our Earliest Ancestors”, by Ann Gibbons
Ardipithecus ramidus – “Ardi”, 4.4 mya
c. 4.4 mya
Who is “Ardi” and why is she important?
Pre-historic Unit “Our Earliest Ancestors”, by Ann Gibbons
Australopithecus africanus
Java man , c.1.8 mya
Taung Child ,c. 1,5 mya
Pre-historic Unit “Our Earliest Ancestors”, by Ann Gibbons
• Why is there a debate over the age of skeletal remains?
Pre-historic Unit “Our Earliest Ancestors”, by Ann Gibbons
Homo habilis - “Tool Man” 2 mya
Why is creativity so important for human evolution?
Neanderthal peoples , Homo neanderthalensis - 50,000 ya– Flourished in Europe and S.W. Asia between 100
and 35 thousand years ago – Careful, deliberate burials-evidence of a capacity
for emotion and feelings
• Cro-Magnon peoples, 40,000 ya
– - The first human beings of fully modern type, appeared 40,000 years ago
– - Classified as Homo sapiens sapiens
Review
• What is a hominid?• What is “Toumai”?• Why is Ardipithecus ramidus, “Ardi” so important?• How did “Lucy” change our view of human evolution?• What’s another name for Homo habilis?• Why Neanderthal interesting to the study of
evolution?• Describe Cro-Magnon.
• Paleolithic Age, c.1.5 mya to 13,000 ya
• Neolithic Age, c.13,000 to 3,000 B.C.E.
Map of Homo genus Sites
The Great Migration• Out of Africa, c.200,000 to 150,000 y.a.
– “The Modern”– Shellfish
• Stages of Migration– Asia, c.70,000 y.a.– Europe and Australia, c.40,000 y.a.– North America, c.15,000 y.a.
• “Eve”– mitochondrial DNA– The Seven Daughters of Eve by Sykes
• Venus figurines – Besides jewelry and furniture, there were also Venus
figurines and paintings – The figurines reflect a deep interest in fertility
Paleolithic Cultures
• Cave paintings – Best known are Lascaux in France and Altamira in Spain – Subjects: mostly animals – Purposes: aesthetic, "sympathetic magic"
Agricultural Revolution
Social Political Economic Technology
Paleolithic Age
Nomadic, classless, gender specific, Clans had up to 50 people, short lifespan and matrilineal
Neolithic Age
Sedentary, stratified, hierarchy, village and towns, longer life and primogeniture
Agricultural Revolution
Social Political Economic Technology
Paleolithic Age
Nomadic, classless, gender specific, Clans had up to 50 people, short lifespan and matrilineal
Decentralized, mixture of matriarchal and patriarchal
Neolithic Age
Sedentary, stratified, hierarchy, village and towns, longer life and primogeniture
Strongly centralized, patriarchal, civil-service, bureaucratic, police and basic military
Agricultural Revolution
Social Political Economic Technology
Paleolithic Age
Nomadic, classless, gender specific, Clans had up to 50 people, short lifespan and matrilineal
Decentralized, mixture of matriarchal and patriarchal
Communal, gender specific and some bartering
Neolithic Age
Sedentary, stratified, hierarchy, village and towns, longer life and primogeniture
Strongly centralized, patriarchal, civil-service, bureaucratic, police and basic military
Specialization, barter, trade centers, basic monetary exchange
“currency”
Agricultural Revolution
Social Political Economic Technology
Paleolithic Age
Nomadic, classless, gender specific, Clans had up to 50 people, short lifespan and matrilineal
Decentralized, mixture of matriarchal and patriarchal
Communal, gender specific and some bartering
Stones, wood, bones, fire, basket making and skins
Neolithic Age
Sedentary, stratified, hierarchy, village and towns, longer life and primogeniture
Strongly centralized, patriarchal, civil-service, bureaucratic, police and basic military
Specialization, barter, trade centers, basic monetary exchange
“currency”
Domestication of animals, pottery, brick, basic metal and the wheel