A project of

INNOVATION FONDEE SUR LES VALEURS

Atelier C1: Le role du GOUVERNEMENT dans la promotion d’éthique

Mahmud Samandari Président: European Baha’i Business Forum

mahmud.samandari@ebbf.orgwww.ebbf.org

07/05/11

A project of

Questions pour notre atelier

• Quel est le rôle de la législation et les mécanismes de contrôle gouvernemental dans l’application de la RSE?

• Comment est-ce que l’innovation technologique appuyé par le gouvernement peut contribuer a un comportement éthique?

• Coopération regroupant une multiplicité d'acteurs

• Me concentrerai sur les 2 dernières questions

07/05/11 2

A project of

Comment est-ce que l’innovation technologique appuyé par le gouvernement peut contribuer à un L’innovation est un des facteurs les plus puissants du changement.•Récemment: les changements politiques •Mais il y a plus:

A project of

Comment est-ce que l’innovation technologique appuyé par le gouvernement peut contribuer à un

Education à distanceGroupes de pression de consommateursNouvelles formes de collaborationMicrofinanceDroits d’auteur (Internet PubMed Central)Autorégulation

A project of

Comment est-ce que l’innovation technologique appuyé par le gouvernement peut contribuer à un Les gouvernements ont recours à des mesures incitatives pour diriger l’innovation dans une certaine direction:

L’environnement (Japon)International Symposium "International Challenge for Promoting Green Innovation to Realize a Low Carbon Society Worldwide" 17 Mai 2010

La santé (Thailande, Brésil, Inde)Prix de médicaments pour SIDA

A project of

Comment est-ce que l’innovation technologique appuyé par le gouvernement peut contribuer à un L’innovation devient de plus en plus globalisée:•91% des 1000 entreprises avec les budgets de R&D les plus élevés, ont des activités d’innovation dans d’autres pays.•EN 2007, les 80 entreprises avec les plus grands budgets de R&D ont dépensé US$ 80Md sur US$ 146Md à l’étranger.•Les 50 européennes: US$ 51Md sur un total de US$ 117Md.•Les 43 japonaises: 40Md sur un total de 72MD.•Les entreprises étrangères ont dépensé US$ 43Md aux EEUU dans R&D, 40% du total des dépenses R&D aux EEUU.

A project of

Comment est-ce que l’innovation technologique appuyé par le gouvernement peut contribuer à un • L’innovation peut avoir différents objectifs.

Entre autres:ProfitNécessitéApplications militairesErreur

A project of

Valeurs

• Que sont les valeurs?

• Qui détermine les objectifs?Collaboration globale est essentielle pour définir ces valeurs et ces objectifs

A project of

Coopération regroupant une multiplicité d'acteurs (1)

PROPSOSITION:Un organisme multipartite regroupant:•Etats•Secteur privé•Secteur académique•Société civile

A project of

Coopération regroupant une multiplicité d'acteurs (2)

Fonctions:•Etablir les priorités et produire des normes, •Concevoir les mécanismes pour surveiller leur applications,•Fournir de l’assistance technique,•Servir de forum de discussion pour les innovateurs de tous les pays.

A project of

Merci

A project of

Report from JST Topics May 24, 2010

JST held a symposium "International Challenge for Promoting Green Innovation to Realize a Low Carbon Society Worldwide", inviting representatives from funding agencies (FA)* in various countries. (Date: May 17, 2010; Venue: U Thant International Conference Hall, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan; Participants: 328)

Symposium organizer, JST President Koichi Kitazawa, opened the symposium, followed by guest speaker Masaharu Nakagawa, the senior vice minister of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. In the keynote speech session, representatives from each funding agency introduced the policies and initiatives currently being developed in each country to promote green innovation and tackle the problem of global warming. More than 300 people attended the symposium, illustrating the high level of interest, not only in Japan but in countries around the world, in efforts to realize a low-carbon society.

This was followed by a panel discussion, moderated by Mr. Kitazawa. From the beginning, questions were fielded from the audience, and there was a lively exchange of opinions about international cooperation and coordination and the

future initiatives of each country.

Finally, to conclude the symposium, the funding agencies of each country acknowledged that green innovation was more important than ever before and agreed to further strengthen their efforts. They also agreed on the importance of supporting international cooperation, and to hold a conference of FA experts from each country on future measures and concrete issues that need to be solved by international cooperation. The representatives released the following joint statement:

Joint Statement (PDF24KB)

Date Aug.  27,  2010

Country Japan  

TitleInterna:onal  Symposium  "Interna:onal  Challenge  for  Promo:ng  Green  Innova:on  to  Realize  a  Low  Carbon  Society  Worldwide"  

A project of

For the moment, most people that need antiretrovirals in the developing world are on first-line therapy. However, as treatment becomes more widespread, people stay on treatment for longer and resistance increases, the high price of second-line drugs is becoming a major issue. Addressing this issue will become increasingly important to ensure the most cost-effective use of available resources and the sustainability of treatment programmes.

Some countries, such as Thailand, Brazil and India have found innovative ways of securing cheaper second-line drugs. But the problem is that these options are limited to countries with political clout and financial stability and autonomy. As is all too often the case, it is the poorest countries already struggling to manage their HIV epidemics that are the least likely to benefit from the current system.

This video shows the problems that are preventing people from getting the HIV drugs they need.

Some have suggested that the only way forward is to abolish the TRIPS system for medicines altogether, and replace it with an alternative form of remuneration and reward for innovative research and development. However as this is unlikely, an alternative solution needs to be found.

One initiative created by UNITAID in 2009 is the “patent pool".52 The objective of the pool is to hold licences on various patented medicines, which generic companies can then produce at a lower cost for poor countries.53 Although the creation of a patent pool for HIV/AIDS drugs is at an early stage, there is hope that it will make the production of generic versions of antiretrovirals easier to negotiate and therefore faster and more efficient. The first patent holder to license an ARV drug to the patent pool is the National Institutes of Health for the drug darunavir.54 However, if the patent pool is to have a real impact it will rely on the voluntary participation of larger pharmaceutical companies, many of whom may see no benefit in cooperating with it.

Prices of ARVs have been driven down substantially over the years, allowing millions of people to live with the virus. However, greater effort, cooperation and innovation is needed to achieve universal access to affordable life saving HIV treatment.

http://www.avert.org/generic.htm

A project of