+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements...

Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements...

Date post: 18-Jan-2016
Category:

Documents
Upload: gabriel-davis
View: 215 times
Download: 0 times
Download Report this document
Share this document with a friend
Popular Tags:
economic regions
neoliberalisman economic
economic opportunity
general theory of employment
influence of geography
fiscal policy
world development report
chow science bldgoffice
32
Economic Geography I. Introduction II. Objectives III.Major Topics IV. Format V. Reading VI. Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines
Transcript
Page 1: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Economic GeographyI. IntroductionII. ObjectivesIII. Major TopicsIV. FormatV. ReadingVI. RequirementsVII. Office hoursVIII.Important deadlines

Page 2: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.
Page 3: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Paul Krugman’s Discovery ofNew Economic Geography (NEG)

NEG explains agglomeration "as the outcome of the interaction of increasing returns, trade costs and factor price differences.” If trade is largely shaped by economies of scale, as Krugman argues, then those economic regions with most production will be more profitable and will therefore attract even more production. Instead of spreading out evenly around the world, production will tend to concentrate in a few countries, regions, or cities, which will become densely populated but also have higher levels of income.

Page 4: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.
Page 5: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

World Development Report 2009

“The best predictor of income in the world today is not what or whom you know, but where you work” (p. 1);

“Location remains important at all stages of development, but it matters less for living standards in a rich country than in a poor one” (p. 2);

“This Report advances the influence of geography on economic opportunity by elevating space and place from mere undercurrents in policy to a major focus” (p. 3).

Page 6: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Office Hours Monday 2:00 ~ 3:00 pm Thursday 2:00 ~3:00 pm

Important Deadline 8 April –Essay on due

Web: http://geog.hku.hk/undergrad/geog2094

User ID: GEOG2094Password: EH102

(Both ID and password are case-sensitive)

Page 7: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Teaching AssistantTo Be AnnouncedE-mail: Mail box: , 3/F Hui Oi Chow Science bldgOffice: G-01B, Hui Oi Chow Science bldgOffice hours: TBA

Page 8: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

I. Nature of Economic Geography - Location/Spatial Variation of

Economic Activities - Patterns and Processes* Important questions asked - Where and what - Why and How - What-to-do * Stages of enquiry - Identification/Description - Analysis/Explanation - Prediction/ Prescription

Page 9: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

* Approach

- Inductive: Observation Sorting out facts

Theory

- Deductive: Hypothesis Testing Modification

Theory

Page 10: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.
Page 11: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Economics Geography Primary Place Secondary Location Economy Tertiary Quaternary Distribution Quinary Spatial Association Interaction Market/Capitalist Economic Command/Socialist Planned System Subsistence/Traditional Mixed

Fundamental Concepts

Page 12: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

- Primary: extraction/ manipulation of natural resources to provide food, energy, etc.- Secondary: processing of materials into saleable products, increasing the value by changing form.- Tertiary: perform services, produce no tangible goods- Quaternary: acquiring (e.g. research) processing (e.g. office) transmitting (e.g. media) knowledge- Quinary: control/ decision making

Page 13: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

The categories of economic activity

Page 14: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

I. Location

* Position * Site * Situation

II. Spatial Relation

* Distribution: Pattern - Description * Association * Interaction

Explanation

Page 15: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Laissez-faire capitalism: free market forces as invisible hands. Adam Smith (1776) The Wealth of Nations.

Keynesianism: government intervention—monetary and fiscal policy is necessary to stabilize the economy and maintain employment. John Maynard Keynes (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.

Neoliberalism: economies automatically self-adjust to full employment; use of monetary and fiscal policy to raise employment merely generate inflation. Milton Friedman (1962) Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Page 16: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Neoliberalism An economic and moral philosophy, idea, or belief that

all governments should liberalize, deregulate, and privatize;

A theory of political economic practices to enhance human well-beings by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms and creating an institutional framework to facilitate free markets, free trade, and secured private property rights;

The state is to guarantee the functioning of markets and to create markets if they do not exist, but the state should not intervene in markets and should not venture;

Deregulation, privatization, and withdrawal of the state from many areas of social provision;

The “hollowing out” of the state.

Page 17: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Neoliberalism: A historical coincidence?

UK: Margaret Thatcher (May 1979);US: Ronald Reagan (1980);China: Deng Xiaoping (1979):

Page 18: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Readings for the LecturesIntroduction - Stutz & Warf (2007) Chpt. 1 - Healey & Ilbery (1990) Chpt. 1 & 2Primary sector - Stutz & Warf (2007) Chpts 4 & 6 - Huke (1985) “ The Green Revolution”Secondary Sector - Stutz & Warf (2007) Chpts 5 & 7 - Articles by Scott (1988), Eng (1997), Sit (1998)Tertiary & Quaternary - Healey & Ilbery (1990) Chpt. 7 & 13 - Articles by Allen (1988), Yeh (1997), Semple (1985)Global Economic Development - Stutz & Warf (2007) Chpt.14 - Articles by Seers (1972) and chapters in de Souza & Foust (1979)

Page 19: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

II. Ideology & Explanation in Economic Geography

Ideology: systematic body of concepts, assertions, beliefs

An Example

Page 20: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Problem: A town in recession

Consultant A:

Tax

Union ×

Consultant B:

Tax

Consultant C:

Change political economy

Radical

Conservative

Interventionist

Page 21: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

- Neo-classic economic perspective

* Individual freedom

* Free market operation

demand – supply

* Maximize profit for individual

* Efficiency rather than equity

Page 22: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

- Liberal (Interventionist)

* role of the government to coordinate individuals

* planning / intervention in market

* maximize well being for society

* compromise efficiency with equity

Page 23: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

- Radical (Marxist)

* class analysis

* fundamental change of the entire social system

* maximize well being for the poor

* equity, social justice rather than efficiency

Page 24: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.
Page 25: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

II. Ideology & Explanation in Economic Geography

Scholars in different perspective may offer different explanation/ suggestion on the same issue.

Students must be alert and critical of any explanation in Economic Geography.

Page 26: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

III. Changing Perspectives in Economic Geography

I. Infancy II. Before 1950 idiographic, descriptive III. 1950~1970 nomothetic, model-building * Neo-classic economic theory * Location analysis * Common assumptions * Criticism

Page 27: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Models in Economic Geography- A simplification of the reality of the world into cause-effect relationships- Could be a theory, law, hypothesis, relation, or an equation

Type of Models:- Descriptive: stylistic description of reality- Normative/Deterministic: what might be expected to occur under certain

stated conditions (what if)Common assumptions usually made:- There exists an identifiable order in the real world- People are rational decision-makers reacting in the same way- People have complete knowledge and seek to maximize profits- Free market competition/a uniform landscapeProblems:- People do not have perfect knowledge and are not rational- Firms, shops, producers/consumers are treated as passive beings independent

of cultural and political situations- Static, mechanic, do not take changes over regions and through time into

account

Page 28: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.
Page 29: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.
Page 30: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

III. Changing Perspectives in Economic GeographyAfter the 1970s

• Behaviouralism

• Humanism

• Political Economy – Institution

• Social Capital –Embeddedness/Culture

• Neo-Marshallianism/New Regionalism

• Marshallianism: skilled labour, interfirm relations, technological infrastructure

• Traded Interdependence: supply chains, interfirm transactions, agglomeration economies

• Untraded Interdependence: local customs, trust and cooperation, social and cultural convention, political/institutional environment

Page 31: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Washington Consensus: John Williamson (1989) ten policy recommendations:

1.Fiscal policy discipline;2.Redirection of public spending from subsidies toward

broad- based provision of key pro-growth infrastructure investment;

3.Adopting moderate marginal tax rates;4.Interest rates determined by the market; 5.Competitive exchange rates;6.Trade liberalization; 7.Liberalization of inward foreign direct investment;8.Privatization of state enterprises; 9.Deregulation: abolition of regulations that impede

market entry or restrict competition, and 10.Legal protection of private property rights.

Page 32: Economic Geography I.Introduction II.Objectives III.Major Topics IV.Format V.Reading VI.Requirements VII.Office hours VIII.Important deadlines.

Recommended
I.Introduction II.Neural and Neurochemical Bases of Reward and Action

I.Introduction II.Neural and Neurochemical Bases of Reward and Action

Documents

Upcoming Deadlines

Upcoming Deadlines

Documents

Chapter 11 Questionnaire & Form Design. 10-2 Chapter Outline 1) Overview 2) Questionnaire & Observation Forms i.Questionnaire Definition ii.Objectives.

Chapter 11 Questionnaire & Form Design. 10-2 Chapter Outline 1) Overview 2) Questionnaire & Observation Forms i.Questionnaire Definition ii.Objectives.

Documents

Quartesian deadlines

Quartesian deadlines

Health & Medicine

Brief Overview of the Relevant Hong Kong Law I.Introduction

Brief Overview of the Relevant Hong Kong Law I.Introduction

Documents

I.INTRODUCTION - Buildings Department … · I.INTRODUCTION Purpose﹙ - To provide an easy reference for safe provision of greening in buildings. Building Safety and Greening﹙

I.INTRODUCTION - Buildings Department … · I.INTRODUCTION Purpose﹙ - To provide an easy reference for safe provision of greening in buildings. Building Safety and Greening﹙

Documents

Senior Parent Meeting Deadlines, Deadlines, Deadlines.

Senior Parent Meeting Deadlines, Deadlines, Deadlines.

Documents

Reminder: Deadlines

Reminder: Deadlines

Documents

2010. I.Introduction II.References III.Cooperation opportunity.

2010. I.Introduction II.References III.Cooperation opportunity.

Documents

Highlights on the Integrated Labour Force Survey (ILFS), 2006 Outline i.Background information ii.Objectives iii.Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM)

Highlights on the Integrated Labour Force Survey (ILFS), 2006 Outline i.Background information ii.Objectives iii.Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM)

Documents

I.Introduction and Definition of Terms

I.Introduction and Definition of Terms

Documents

Upcoming Deadlines

Upcoming Deadlines

Documents

Estlund THE EPISTEMIC N AUTHORITY I.INTRODUCTION · Estlund THE EPISTEMIC N AUTHORITY1 I.INTRODUCTION ASSUME that for many choices faced by a political community, some alter natives

Estlund THE EPISTEMIC N AUTHORITY I.INTRODUCTION · Estlund THE EPISTEMIC N AUTHORITY1 I.INTRODUCTION ASSUME that for many choices faced by a political community, some alter natives

Documents

SECTION I.INTRODUCTION

SECTION I.INTRODUCTION

Documents

SUBMISSION DEADLINES REGISTRATION DEADLINES The …equipoquorum.com/publicaciones/congresos/p01_viveros.pdf · Final Acceptance: October 15 REGISTRATION DEADLINES Ordinary Term Payment:

SUBMISSION DEADLINES REGISTRATION DEADLINES The …equipoquorum.com/publicaciones/congresos/p01_viveros.pdf · Final Acceptance: October 15 REGISTRATION DEADLINES Ordinary Term Payment:

Documents

I.intrODUCTION Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) is A

I.intrODUCTION Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) is A

Documents

Equilibrium Chap. 18. I.Introduction: did you know that...

Equilibrium Chap. 18. I.Introduction: did you know that...

Documents

The Hebrews. I.Introduction The Monotheistic Revolution.

The Hebrews. I.Introduction The Monotheistic Revolution.

Documents