Edimburg 22-23 June 2006Edimburg 22-23 June 2006 Fast detectorsFast detectors 11

Fast detectors (for E-ELT AO)Fast detectors (for E-ELT AO)

Philippe FeautrierPhilippe Feautrier

INSU/CNRS-LAOGINSU/CNRS-LAOG

Edimburg 22-23 June 2006Edimburg 22-23 June 2006 Fast detectorsFast detectors 22

Highlights of the FP6 JRA2: Fast detectors for AOHighlights of the FP6 JRA2: Fast detectors for AO

StoreArea

Image Area

240x12024 µm

StoreArea

Image Area

240x12024 µm

OP 1

OP 2 GainRegisters

OP 3

OP 4 GainRegisters

OP 8GainRegisters

OP 7

OP 6GainRegisters

OP 5

StoreArea

Image Area

240x12024 µm

StoreArea

Image Area

240x12024 µm

OP 1

OP 2 GainRegisters

OP 3

OP 4 GainRegisters

OP 8GainRegisters

OP 7

OP 6GainRegisters

OP 5

StoreAreaStoreArea

Image Area

240x12024 µm

StoreArea

Image Area

240x12024 µm

OP 1OP 1

OP 2 GainRegisters

OP 2 GainRegisters

OP 3OP 3

OP 4 GainRegisters

OP 4 GainRegisters

OP 8GainRegisters

OP 8GainRegisters

OP 7OP 7

OP 6GainRegisters

OP 6GainRegisters

OP 5OP 5

SPHERE XAO VLTSPHERE XAO VLT

Controller (Marseille)Controller (Marseille)Camera head (Grenoble)Camera head (Grenoble)

Peltier cooled packagePeltier cooled package

e2v 240x240 L3CCDe2v 240x240 L3CCD

First light: 2011First light: 2011

November 2006November 2006

September 2006September 2006

20072007

November 2006November 2006

JRA1 FP6JRA1 FP6Will be used on every Will be used on every 2nd generation AO 2nd generation AO instruments in instruments in Europe !Europe !

Edimburg 22-23 June 2006Edimburg 22-23 June 2006 Fast detectorsFast detectors 33

What are now the needs for ELT What are now the needs for ELT WFS detectors ?WFS detectors ?

Edimburg 22-23 June 2006Edimburg 22-23 June 2006 Fast detectorsFast detectors 44

6”

2.5””

.75”

LGS based AO challenges on ELT LGS based AO challenges on ELT

Spot Elongation

aperture 12m away elongation of 3”

LGS image Courtesy KECK

Laser Launch

Site

Probably need ~ 20x20 pixels for each Probably need ~ 20x20 pixels for each spot to properly sample the spot to properly sample the

elongation. elongation.

Rayleigh Backscatter

Worse with Worse with TelescopeTelescope

SizeSize

Large amount of pixels for spot elongation issueLarge amount of pixels for spot elongation issue With pulsed laser: electronic shutter (sodium spot only)With pulsed laser: electronic shutter (sodium spot only)

Edimburg 22-23 June 2006Edimburg 22-23 June 2006 Fast detectorsFast detectors 55

Exoplanets detection on E-ELT, requirements:

Higher contrast (up to C=109) (SPHERE: 107)

Smaller angular distance (as close as =30 mas) (SPHERE: 100 mas)

Limitations imposed by Temporal Delay:

• Halo at small (temp. part 5/3 )

• Halo temp. part (1 / Frame rate)2

From 1 KHz to 3.2 KHz Planet detected 10x faster! (when temporal errors dominate)

Contribution to halo due to

temporal delay

Integration time needed to detect Planet Star Halo Intensity

Limitations imposed by Atm. Chromatic effects

• Halo at small (chrom. part 5/3, 11/3)

• When = (obs-wfs) then Halo intensity

WFS from R to I band Planet detected 7x faster! (when chromatic errors dominate)

Contribution to halo due to

chromatic effects

obs=1.6 m

Limitations imposed by actuator density:

• Need High SR (>90% at 1.6 m)

15-20 cm sub-aperture size

2002 - 2562 actuators (42/0.2) for a 42-m telescope

• WFS baseline solution: Pyramid with 4 detectors

Pyramid requires less pixels than SH:

4 pix. / sub-ap. but split on 4 detectors, i.e. 1 pix/ sub-ap = 2562 pixels for each detector

XAO CCDs requirements:

2562 pixels

3 KHz (goal 4 KHz) frame rate

High QE for = 800 to 1000 nm

Low read noise: 1-2 electrons/frame

E-ELT XAO WFS CCDs RequirementsE-ELT XAO WFS CCDs Requirements

Edimburg 22-23 June 2006Edimburg 22-23 June 2006 Fast detectorsFast detectors 66

Preparation activities in the frame of FP6Preparation activities in the frame of FP6

Funded by ESO (FP6 ELT design study): Funded by ESO (FP6 ELT design study): – 2 feasibility studies for LGS AO detector dedicated to ELT (6 2 feasibility studies for LGS AO detector dedicated to ELT (6

months, 50 k€ each) and one prototype (~1 year: 2007, 200 months, 50 k€ each) and one prototype (~1 year: 2007, 200 k€) k€)

– XAO best effort prototype based on PN Sensor technology: XAO best effort prototype based on PN Sensor technology: 25625622 pixels, one amplifier per column, 200 k€, testing pixels, one amplifier per column, 200 k€, testing includedincluded

At the end, 2 types of AO detectors for ELTs are At the end, 2 types of AO detectors for ELTs are required: LGS and XAOrequired: LGS and XAO

Edimburg 22-23 June 2006Edimburg 22-23 June 2006 Fast detectorsFast detectors 77

A possible solution for LGS WFS detector ? A possible solution for LGS WFS detector ?

Store

Image

Serial Register

(courtesy Roger Smith, Caltech)(courtesy Roger Smith, Caltech)

Analog Front End

Programmable Centroiding

Logic Array

Simple Sequencer

Clocks & Biases

MasterMaster

clockclock

PowerPower

supplysupply

CentroidX,Y positions,

intensity

x100x100

x100

x100

ProgrammingProgramming

interfaceinterface

20 pixels20 pixels

20 p

ixel

s20

pix

els

100x100 rectangular array of small CCDs.100x100 rectangular array of small CCDs. Each CCD: 20x20 pixelsEach CCD: 20x20 pixels 700 Hz frame rate, 700 Hz frame rate, ~ 1 e noise~ 1 e noise Electronic shutter (for spot elongation)Electronic shutter (for spot elongation)

Edimburg 22-23 June 2006Edimburg 22-23 June 2006 Fast detectorsFast detectors 88

PN-CCD: a possible solution for XAO PN-CCD: a possible solution for XAO WFS on ELT ?WFS on ELT ?

Interesting to evaluate now this technology for XAOInteresting to evaluate now this technology for XAO Propose a 200 k€ best effort contract with MPE/PN-sensors manpowerPropose a 200 k€ best effort contract with MPE/PN-sensors manpower 256x256 split frame transfer PN-CCD device.256x256 split frame transfer PN-CCD device. 512 outputs, uses four ROICs for goal frame rate of 3000 frames/sec 512 outputs, uses four ROICs for goal frame rate of 3000 frames/sec

at 1.5 e RONat 1.5 e RON

I

I

I

I

M

M

M

M

128 128 256 Outputs

256 Outputs

128:2-3 Mux.

2-3 Outputs 9 Mp/s

ROIC

128:2-3 Mux.

2-3 Outputs 9 Mp/s

ROIC

128:2-3 Mux.

2-3 Outputs 9 Mp/s

ROIC

2-3 Outputs 9 Mp/s

ROIC

128:2-3 Mux.

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Fast PN-CCD detector fabricated by MPEFast PN-CCD detector fabricated by MPE

Main features:•detector size = 27×13.5 mm2

• 51 μm pixel size• 528×264 pixels in total, 264×264 in image area• split frame-transfer concept• image transfer time ≈ 30 μs• readout noise vs. frame rate:

• 1.8 e- @ 10 .. 400 fps• 2.5 e- @ 400 .. 1200 fps

Next step:Next step:

256x256 pixels256x256 pixels

3 kHz Frame rate3 kHz Frame rate

1-2 e Noise1-2 e Noise

Good red responseGood red response

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Preliminary management structurePreliminary management structure

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Preliminary deliverables and schedulePreliminary deliverables and schedule

20082008 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012 20132013

Detector definition Detector definition and CFTand CFT

Detector LGS devDetector LGS dev

Detector XAO devDetector XAO dev

LGS test cameraLGS test camera

XAO test cameraXAO test camera

LGS detector testingLGS detector testing

XAO detector testingXAO detector testing

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Eligible costsEligible costs

XAO detector cost: 1 M€XAO detector cost: 1 M€ LGS detector cost: 2 M€LGS detector cost: 2 M€ Controller and camera head XAO: 200 k€Controller and camera head XAO: 200 k€ Controller and camera head LGS: 200 k€Controller and camera head LGS: 200 k€ Detector testing activity: 200 k€Detector testing activity: 200 k€ Total: 3.6 M€Total: 3.6 M€ Requested to EC ?Requested to EC ?

Edimburg 22-23 June 2006Edimburg 22-23 June 2006 Fast detectorsFast detectors 1313

ConclusionConclusion JRA2 FP6: was dedicated to 2JRA2 FP6: was dedicated to 2ndnd generation of AO generation of AO

instrument for 8-10 m class telescopesinstrument for 8-10 m class telescopes FP7: two needs for E-ELT AO WFS detectors identified:FP7: two needs for E-ELT AO WFS detectors identified:

– LGS WFS detector: very large pixel format to sample spot LGS WFS detector: very large pixel format to sample spot elongation, high frame rate (700 Hz), low noise (elongation, high frame rate (700 Hz), low noise (~1 e)~1 e).TBC..TBC.

– XAO WFS detector: for a pyramid WFS, 256XAO WFS detector: for a pyramid WFS, 25622 pixels are sufficient, pixels are sufficient, but extremely high frame rate (3 to 4 kHz) and very low noise (but extremely high frame rate (3 to 4 kHz) and very low noise (~1 ~1 e)e) are required. TBC. are required. TBC.

~ ~ 5.5 years development (2008-2013)5.5 years development (2008-2013) 3.6 M€ eligible cost3.6 M€ eligible cost For the proposed activity: at least ~ 3 European countries For the proposed activity: at least ~ 3 European countries

(Germany, Spain, France), 2 European institutions (ESO, (Germany, Spain, France), 2 European institutions (ESO, IAC), ~ 3 laboratories (INSU/CNRS), 2 industrial partners .IAC), ~ 3 laboratories (INSU/CNRS), 2 industrial partners .

AO applications are strategic for E-ELT but activity open to AO applications are strategic for E-ELT but activity open to wider applications in the field of fast detectors.wider applications in the field of fast detectors.

Edimburg 22-23 June 2006Edimburg 22-23 June 2006 Fast detectorsFast detectors 1414

LGS detector: could be Hybrid or LGS detector: could be Hybrid or MonolithMonolith

Monolith - cheaper but detector silicon determined by CMOS process; Monolith - cheaper but detector silicon determined by CMOS process; ok for LGS at 589nm.ok for LGS at 589nm.

Hybrid – expensive but detector can be optimized for good red Hybrid – expensive but detector can be optimized for good red response by use of high resistivity silicon.response by use of high resistivity silicon.

Package Pin

Package

CMOS Sequencer, AFE AND Centroid Logic Array

Back Filled Epoxy Indium Bumps

Array of small CCDs

Bond Wire